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((Short description|Canada-related events during the year of 1868))
((wikisource|Category:Canada:Acts of Parliament, 1868|Acts of Parliament, 1868))
((Refimprove|date=September 2023))

((Year in Canada|1868))
((History of Canada))

Events from the year '''1868 in Canada'''.

==Incumbents==
=== Crown ===
* [[List of Canadian monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]<ref>((cite web |title=Queen Victoria ((!)) The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/victoria# |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |access-date=5 December 2022))</ref>

=== Federal government ===
* [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] – [[Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck]]  
* [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] – [[John A. Macdonald]]
* [[Parliament of Canada|Parliament]] – [[1st Canadian Parliament|1st]]

=== Provincial governments ===

==== Lieutenant governors ====
*[[Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick]] – [[Francis Pym Harding]] (until July 23) then [[Lemuel Allan Wilmot]] 
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia]] – [[Charles Hastings Doyle]]
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Ontario]] – [[Henry William Stisted]] (until July 15) then [[William Pearce Howland]]
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Quebec]] – [[Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau]]

==== Premiers ====
*[[Premier of New Brunswick]] – [[Andrew Rainsford Wetmore]]
*[[Premier of Nova Scotia]] – [[William Annand]] 
*[[Premier of Ontario]] – [[John Sandfield Macdonald]]
*[[Premier of Quebec]] – [[Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau]]

=== Colonies ===
*[[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] – [[Richard Temple-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos|The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos]] then [[Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville|The Earl Granville]]

==== Governors ====
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador|Colonial Governor of Newfoundland]] – [[Anthony Musgrave]]
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island]] – [[George Dundas (colonial administrator)|George Dundas]] (until October 22) then [[Robert Hodgson (judge)|Robert Hodgson]]
*Governor of the [[United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia]] – [[Frederick Seymour]]

==== Premiers ====
*[[Premier of Newfoundland|Colonial Prime Minister of Newfoundland]] – [[Frederick Carter]]
*[[Premier of Prince Edward Island|Premier of Colony of Prince Edward Island]] – [[George Coles (politician)|George Coles]]

==Events==
*March 4 — [[Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario]] established
*April 7 — [[Canadian Confederation|Father of Confederation]] [[Thomas D'Arcy McGee]] is assassinated in [[Ottawa]] by [[Ireland|Irish]] [[Fenian]]s.
*May 26 - The [[Canadian flag]] is unofficially introduced.

===Full date unknown===
[[Louis Riel]] returns to the [[Red River of the North|Red River]] area
*The [[Hudson's Bay Company]] agrees to turn [[Rupert's Land]] and the [[North-Western Territory]] over to Canada
*The first [[Federal Militia Act]] is passed, creating a Canadian army
*[[George-Étienne Cartier]] created a Baronet

==Births==

===January to June===
*January 16 — [[Octavia Ritchie]], first woman to receive a medical degree in [[Quebec]][http://www.canadianencyclopedia.ca/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006850]
*January 22 — [[Adjutor Rivard]], lawyer, writer, judge and linguist (died [[1945 in Canada|1945]])
*February 16 — [[John Babington Macaulay Baxter]], lawyer, jurist and 18th [[Premier of New Brunswick]] (died [[1946 in Canada|1946]])
*March 14 — [[Emily Murphy]], women's rights activist, jurist and author, first woman magistrate in Canada and in the [[British Empire]] (died [[1933 in Canada|1933]])
*April 27 — [[James Kidd Flemming]], businessman, politician and 13th [[Premier of New Brunswick]] (died [[1927 in Canada|1927]])
*May 31 — [[Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire]], politician and 11th [[Governor General of Canada]] (died [[1938 in Canada|1938]])

===July to December===
*July 8 — [[Henry Cockshutt]], Lieutenant Governor of [[Ontario]] (died [[1944 in Canada|1944]])
*July 9 — [[William Alves Boys]], politician and barrister (died [[1938 in Canada|1938]])
*August 25 — [[Arthur Puttee]], politician (died [[1957 in Canada|1957]])
*August 26 — [[Charles Stewart (Alberta politician, born 1868)|Charles Stewart]], politician and 3rd [[Premier of Alberta]] (died [[1946 in Canada|1946]])
*September 1 — [[Henri Bourassa]], politician and publisher (died [[1952 in Canada|1952]])
*September 22 — [[Louise McKinney]], first woman sworn into the [[Legislative Assembly of Alberta]] and first woman elected to a legislature in Canada and in the [[British Empire]] (died [[1931 in Canada|1931]])
*September 28 — [[Herbert Alexander Bruce]], surgeon and 15th Lieutenant Governor of [[Ontario]] (died [[1963 in Canada|1963]])
*November 9 — [[Marie Dressler]], actress (died [[1934 in Canada|1934]])
*December 11 — [[William Parks (paleontologist)|William Parks]], geologist and paleontologist (died [[1936 in Canada|1936]])

==Deaths==
((Commons category))
*January 19 — [[Frederic Baraga|Frederic]], Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and bishop (born [[1797 in Canada|1797]])
*January 25 — [[Alexander Roberts Dunn]], first Canadian awarded the [[Victoria Cross]] (born [[1833 in Canada|18]])
*January 28 — [[Edmund Walker Head]], Governor (born [[1805 in Canada|1805]])
*February 19 — [[Dominick Daly]], politician (born [[1798 in Canada|1798]])
*April 7 — [[D'Arcy McGee]], journalist, politician and [[Canadian confederation|Father of Confederation]], assassinated (born [[1825 in Canada|1825]])
*August 7 — [[William Agar Adamson]], Church of England clergyman and author (born [[1800 in Canada|1800]])
*September 12 — [[Charles Dickson Archibald]], lawyer, businessman and politician (born [[1802 in Canada|1802]])
*October 17 — [[Laura Secord]], heroine of the [[War of 1812]] (born [[1775 in Canada|1775]])

==Historical documents==
Political cartoon satirizes Nova Scotians' [[Anti-Confederation Party|mixed feelings]] about Confederation<ref>John Henry Walker, [http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/M994X.5.273.34&section=196 "Cross Roads. Shall We Go to Washington First, or How(e)?"] (first published in Diogenes, November 20, 1868). Accessed 9 September 2018</ref>

[[Mohawk people#History|Indigenous people]] [[Oka Crisis#Historical background|assert claim]] to their [[Kanesatake|reserve at Lake of Two Mountains (Oka), Quebec]]<ref>Indian Branch, Department of the Secretary of State for the Provinces, [http://digitalarchives.library.mcgill.ca/RBSC/MSG317/rbsc_msg_317_no-greene-collection.pdf "List of Copies of Documents...."] Return[...]of all Correspondence between the Government and the Iroquois Indians of Two Mountains[....] (1870), pgs. 2-3 (PDF pgs. 57-8), Algonquin and Nipissing Indians of Oka Collection, McGill (University) Library. Accessed 15 January 2020</ref>

"The moment was fraught with danger" - [[Thomas Miller Beach|British spy]] addresses large rally of [[Fenian Brotherhood|Fenians]]<ref>Henri Le Caron, [https://archive.org/stream/twentyfiveyearsi00leca#page/52/mode/2up ''Twenty-Five Years in the Secret Service; The Recollections of a Spy''] (1892), pgs. 53-7. Accessed 9 September 2018</ref>

Report by a visitor to newly opened settler lands in [[District Municipality of Muskoka|Muskoka]], Ontario<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=BH18681118.1.7 "Visit to the Free Grant Lands of Canada"] The (Tokomairiro, N.Z.) Bruce Herald, Vol. V, No. 238 (November 18, 1868), pg. 7. Accessed 9 September 2018</ref>

In his last Commons speech, [[Thomas D'Arcy McGee#Fenians|D'Arcy McGee]] lauds anyone "prepared[...]to sacrifice himself [for] principles[...]adopted as those of truth"<ref>[https://parl.canadiana.ca/view/oop.debates_HOC0101_01/488?r=0&s=2 "Mr. McGee's Last Speech"] (April 6, 1868), House of Commons Debates; First Session - First Parliament, pg. 468. Accessed 18 April 2021</ref>

[[Joseph-Charles Taché|Federal deputy minister of agriculture]] says connoisseur in France finds [[Canadian wine#History|Canadian wine]] to be [[Glossary of wine terms#V|vin d'ordinaire]] second only to their own<ref>[http://parl.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_07171_1/547?r=0&s=2 "Report of the Select Committee on the Cultivation of the Vine in Canada; Minutes of Evidence"] Appendix (No. 6), House of Commons Journals, 1st Parliament, 1st Session: Vol. 1 (1868), pgs. A6-1–A6-2. Accessed 12 July 2020</ref>

==References==
  ((Reflist|2))

((Canadian history))
((Canada year nav))
((North America topic|1868 in))

[[Category:1868 in Canada| ]]
[[Category:1868 by country|Canada]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Canada]]
[[Category:1868 in North America]]

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