← 1938 1937 1936 1939 in the Soviet Union → 1940 1941 1942
Decades:	1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s
See also:	History of the Soviet Union List of years in the Soviet Union

The following lists events that happened during 1939 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Incumbents

• General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
• Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union – Mikhail Kalinin
• Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union – Vyacheslav Molotov

Events

• March 10–21 – 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
• May 11 – September 16 – Battles of Khalkhin Gol
• August 19 – German–Soviet Credit Agreement (1939)
• August 23 – Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
• September 17-October 6 – Soviet invasion of Poland
• September 28 – Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty, also amendment to the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty
• October 5 – Soviet–Latvian Mutual Assistance Treaty
• October 10 – Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty
• November 26 – Shelling of Mainila

Births

• May 19 – Kateryna Boloshkevich, Ukrainian weaver and statesperson (d. 2018)
• August 16 – Valery Ryumin, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2022)
• September 7 – Stanislav Petrov, Soviet Air Defence Forces official
• September 17 – Vladimir Menshov, actor and film director (d. 2021)

Deaths

• February 2 – Vladimir Shukhov, engineer.
• February 22 – Grigory Khakhanyan, corps commander.
• February 23
  • Pyotr Smirnov, naval officer and politician.
  • Alexander Ilyich Yegorov, army officer.
• February 26
  • Stanislav Kosior, politician.
  • Vlas Chubar, politician.
  • Pavel Postyshev, politician.
  • Ivan Fedko, army officer.
• March 3 – Georgy Bazilevich, corps commander.
• March 7 – Matvei Berman, security officer.
• March 10 – Georgy Bondar, corps commander.
• April 1 – Anton Makarenko, educator and writer.
• May 19 – Karl Radek, politician.
• May 21 – Grigori Sokolnikov, economist and politician.
• September 11 – Konstantin Korovin, painter.