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((Short description|Canada-related events during the year of 1945))
((More citations needed|date=December 2009))
((Year in Canada|1945))
((History of Canada))

Events from the year '''1945 in Canada'''.

== Incumbents ==
=== Crown ===
* [[List of Canadian monarchs|Monarch]] – [[George VI]]<ref>((cite web |title=King George VI ((!)) The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/king-george-vi |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |access-date=4 December 2022))</ref>

=== Federal government ===
* [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] – [[Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone]]<ref>((cite book |last1=Lentz |first1=Harris M. |title=Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 |date=4 February 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-26490-2 |page=142 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA142 |language=en))</ref>
* [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] – [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]]
* [[Chief Justice of Canada|Chief Justice]] – [[Thibaudeau Rinfret]] ([[Quebec]]) 
* [[Parliament of Canada|Parliament]] – [[19th Canadian Parliament|19th]] (until 16 April) then [[20th Canadian Parliament|20th]] (from 6 September)

=== Provincial governments ===

==== Lieutenant governors ====
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Alberta]] – [[John C. Bowen]]   
*[[Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia]] – [[William Culham Woodward]] 
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba]] – [[Roland Fairbairn McWilliams]]  
*[[Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick]] – [[William George Clark (politician)|William George Clark]] (until November 1) then [[David Laurence MacLaren]] 
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia]] – [[Henry Ernest Kendall]] 
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Ontario]] – [[Albert Edward Matthews]] 
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island]] – [[Bradford William LePage]] (until May 18) then [[Joseph Alphonsus Bernard]] 
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Quebec]] – [[Eugène Fiset]] 
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan]] – [[Archibald Peter McNab|Archibald P. McNab]] (until February 27) then [[Thomas Miller (Saskatchewan)|Thomas Miller]] (February 27 to June 20) then [[Reginald John Marsden Parker]] (from June 22)

==== Premiers ====
*[[Premier of Alberta]] – [[Ernest Manning]]   
*[[Premier of British Columbia]] – [[John Hart (Canadian politician)|John Hart]]  
*[[Premier of Manitoba]] – [[Stuart Garson]]  
*[[Premier of New Brunswick]] – [[John B. McNair|John McNair]] 
*[[Premier of Nova Scotia]] – [[Alexander Stirling MacMillan|A.S. MacMillan]] (until September 8) then [[Angus Lewis Macdonald|Angus Macdonald]] 
*[[Premier of Ontario]] – [[George A. Drew]] 
*[[Premier of Prince Edward Island]] – [[J. Walter Jones]]  
*[[Premier of Quebec]] – [[Maurice Duplessis]] 
*[[Premier of Saskatchewan]] – [[Tommy Douglas]]

=== Territorial governments ===

==== Commissioners ====
* [[Controller of Yukon]] – [[George A. Jeckell]] 
* [[Commissioner of Northwest Territories]] – [[Charles Camsell]]

==Events==
[[File:News. V.E. Day BAnQ P48S1P12270.jpg|thumbnail|Two young women standing on [[Saint Catherine Street]] in [[Montreal]], reading the front page of ''[[Montreal Star|The Montreal Daily Star]]''. The title "Germany Quit" announces the German surrender and the impending end of the World War II in Europe.]]
* 1944–1945: [[World War II]]: [[Japan]]'s Special Balloon Regiment launched 9,000 [[Fu-Go balloon bomb]]s towards the [[Pacific Northwest]], intended to cause panic, by starting [[forest fires]]. Six casualties, a woman and her five children in American state of [[Oregon]], were reported. The ten metre-wide balloons contained 540 cubic metres of [[hydrogen]] and reached as far inland as [[Manitoba]]. The Japanese project was declared a failure and abandoned, after six months.<ref>((cite web|url=http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/second_world_war/clips/12762/|title=Japan bombs Saskatchewan|publisher=[[CBC.ca]]|access-date=2011-03-18))</ref>
* January 8 – [[Brantford, Ontario]] becomes the first Canadian community to [[fluoridate]] its water supply.
* January 20 – World War II: The  first conscripted Canadian soldiers arrive overseas
* February 8 – World War II: The Anglo-Canadian [[Operation Veritable]] launched in the [[Netherlands]]
* February 24 – [[Radio Canada International]] begins operation
* February 25 – Sergeant [[Aubrey Cosens]] posthumously awarded the [[Victoria Cross]]
* March 1 – Major [[Frederick Albert Tilston]] wins the Victoria Cross
* March 29 – The [[British Commonwealth Air Training Plan]] is shut down
* April 16 – World War II: [[HMCS Esquimalt|HMCS ''Esquimalt'']] is sunk off [[City of Halifax|Halifax]] by the ((ship|German submarine|U-190)).
* May 7 – The crew of ((HMCS|Uganda)) vote themselves out of the Pacific war
* May 8 – [[VE Day]] sees celebrations across the nation, but also the [[Halifax Riot]].
* June 4 – [[1945 Ontario general election]]: [[George A. Drew|George Drew]]'s PCs win a majority
[[File:VEDaySparksStreet1945.jpg|A V-E Day parade on Sparks Street, Ottawa (May 8, 1945)|thumb|right]]
* June 11 – [[1945 Canadian federal election|Federal election]]: [[Mackenzie King]]'s Liberals win a third consecutive majority
* June 26 – Canada is a founding member of the [[United Nations]]
* August 2 – The Canadian Armoured Corps becomes the [[Royal Canadian Armoured Corps]]
* August 15 – [[VJ Day]] marks the end of the Second World War. Over a million Canadians had fought in the conflict and 42,000 were killed.
* September 5 – The defection of Soviet embassy clerk [[Igor Gouzenko]] reveals a Soviet spy ring in Canada.
* September 8 – [[Angus Lewis Macdonald|Angus Macdonald]] becomes premier of [[Nova Scotia]] for the second time, replacing [[Alexander Stirling MacMillan|Alexander MacMillan]]
* September 12 – The [[Ford Motor]] employees in [[Windsor, Ontario]], go on strike.
* October 23 – [[Jackie Robinson]] signs a contract with the [[Montreal Royals]] [[baseball]] team.

===Full date unknown===
* [[Family allowance]] payments are introduced.
* Canada has its first [[trade surplus]] with the [[United States]].

==Arts and literature==
* [[The Tin Flute]] ''(Bonheur d'occasion)'' by [[Gabrielle Roy]].

==Sport==
* February 25 – [[Maurice Richard]] sets a new record for the most goals (50) in a single ice hockey season.
* April 22 – The [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] win their fifth [[Stanley Cup]] by defeating the [[Detroit Red Wings]] 4 games to 3. 
* April 23 – The [[Ontario Hockey League|Ontario Hockey Association]]'s [[Toronto St. Michael's Majors]] win their second [[Memorial Cup]] by defeating the [[Southern Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League]]'s [[Moose Jaw Canucks]] 4 games to 1. All games were played at [[Maple Leaf Gardens]] in [[Toronto]]
* September 29 – The [[Calgary Stampeders]] are established 
* December 1 – The [[Toronto Argonauts]] win their sixth [[Grey Cup]] by defeating the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] '''35 to 0''' in the [[33rd Grey Cup]] played in [[Varsity Stadium]] in Toronto.

==Births==
===January to March===

* January 15 - [[Bonnie Burnard]], novelist (d. [[2017 in Canada|2017]])
* January 18 - [[Steven Truscott]], exonerated murderer
* January 21 - [[Len Derkach]], politician
* January 23 - [[Mike Harris]], politician and 22nd [[Premier of Ontario]]
* January 27 
** [[Harold Cardinal]], writer, political leader, teacher, negotiator and lawyer (d. [[2005 in Canada|2005]])
** [[Joe Ghiz]], politician and 29th [[Premier of Prince Edward Island]] (d. [[1996 in Canada|1996]])
* February 5 - [[Nancy McCredie]], track and field athlete
* February 19 
** [[Jim Bradley (politician)|Jim Bradley]], politician
** [[Bill Casey]], politician
* February 20 - [[Donald McPherson (figure skater)|Donald McPherson]], figure skater (d. [[2001 in Canada|2001]])
* March 4 - [[Patrick Boyer]], politician and university professor
* March 6 - [[John A. MacNaughton]], financier and executive (d. [[2013 in Canada|2013]])
* March 17 - [[Dave Bailey (runner)|Dave Bailey]], track and field athlete (d. [[2022 in Canada|2022]])
* March 26 - [[Diane McGifford]], politician
* March 28 - [[Bobby Schmautz]], ice hockey player (d. [[2021 in the United States|2021]])

===April to June===
* April 24 - [[Doug Riley]], Canadian keyboard player and producer  (d. 2007)
* May 3  – [[Leo Panitch]], political scientist (d. 2020)
* May 27 - [[Bruce Cockburn]], folk/rock guitarist and singer-songwriter
* June 11 - [[Robert Munsch]], children's writer
* June 16 - [[Lucienne Robillard]], politician and minister
* June 20 - [[Anne Murray]], singer

===July to September===
[[File:Bjarni Tryggvason.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Bjarni Tryggvason]]]]
[[File:Roberta Bondar NASA.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Roberta Bondar]]]]

* August 4 - [[Ben Sveinson]], politician
* August 11 - [[David Walsh (mining)|David Walsh]], businessman, disgraced head of [[Bre-X]] (d. [[1998 in Canada|1998]])
* August 12 - [[Mary Stewart (swimmer)|Mary Stewart]], swimmer and world record breaker
* August 15 - [[Rosann Wowchuk]], politician and [[Deputy Premier (Manitoba)|Deputy Premier of Manitoba]]
* September 21 - [[Bjarni Tryggvason]], engineer and astronaut (d. [[2022 in Canada|2022]])

===October to December===
* October 15 - [[John Murrell (playwright)|John Murrell]], playwright (d. 2019)
* November 5 - [[Jacques Lanctôt]], member of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ)
* November 11 - [[Norman Doyle]], politician
* November 12 - [[Neil Young]], singer-songwriter, musician and film director
* December 4 - [[Roberta Bondar]], neurologist and Canada's first female astronaut
* December 24 - [[John Till]], musician (d. [[2022 in Canada|2022]])

===Full date unknown===
* [[Felix Partz]], artist and co-founder of the artistic collective [[General Idea]] (d. [[1994 in Canada|1994]])

==Deaths==
* January 15 – [[Kate Simpson Hayes]], playwright and legislative librarian (b. [[1856 in Canada|1856]])
* March 2 - [[Emily Carr]], artist and writer (b. [[1871 in Canada|1871]])
* March 23 - [[Walter Charles Murray]], first President of the [[University of Saskatchewan]] (b. [[1866 in Canada|1866]])
* July 17 - [[Adjutor Rivard]], lawyer, writer, judge and linguist (b. [[1868 in Canada|1868]])
* October 24 - [[Franklin Carmichael]], painter and [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]] member (b. [[1890 in Canada|1890]])
* November 1 - [[Marie Lacoste Gérin-Lajoie]], feminist and social activist (b. [[1867 in Canada|1867]])
* December 10 - [[Joseph-Octave Samson]], businessperson, politician and 28th [[List of mayors of Quebec City, Quebec|Mayor of Quebec City]] (b. [[1862 in Canada|1862]])

==See also==
* [[List of Canadian films]]

==Historical documents==
[[Platoon]] leader in [[48th Highlanders of Canada#Operational history|48th Highlanders of Canada]] describes Battle of Apeldoorn in Netherlands<ref>A.E. Brock, [https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/user/44/u1698244.shtml "My Last Battle"] WW2 People's War, BBC. Accessed 24 July 2020</ref>

"A zest to life she has never felt before" - Manitoban [[Canadian women in the World Wars#Second World War nursing|nurses]] "tigers" of [[1st Canadian Division#Second World War (1939–1945)|1st Canadian Division in Italy]]<ref>Mary Lyle Benham, [https://digitalcollections.lib.umanitoba.ca/islandora/object/uofm:1354506 "They Stay in the Fight; 'Red Patches' Her Gang - And Woe to Any Critics!"] The Winnipeg Tribune, 56th Year, No. 106 (May 3, 1945), pg. 13. Accessed 13 August 2020</ref>

Food shortage in [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II#Civilians|occupied France]], especially in cities but benefiting farmers, accompanied after [[Liberation of Paris|liberation]] by high inflation<ref>Roy H. Thomson, [http://speeches.empireclub.org/60610/data?n=147 "The Puzzling Years Ahead"] (April 12, 1945), The Empire Club of Canada Addresses, pgs. 409-26. Accessed 13 August 2020</ref>

Winter 1945 is trying for Canadian diplomats [[Charles Ritchie (diplomat)|Charles Ritchie]] and [[Saul Rae]] and family, [[Paris in World War II#Food Crisis|living in liberated Paris]] without fuel<ref>Charles Ritchie, The Siren Years: A Canadian Diplomat Abroad, 1937-1945, pg. 185, quoted in Pat Barclay, [https://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca/bitstream/2453/1775/1/BarclayP1987m-1b.pdf Charles Ritchie and the English Diary Tradition] (1987), pgs. 144-7 (PDF pgs. 154-8). Accessed 13 August 2020 (See also Robert Doisneau photo [https://www.centrepompidou.fr/fr/ressources/oeuvre/ce9Kp5 "Les glaneurs de charbon, Saint-Denis"] (The Coal Gleaners, 1945), Pompidou Centre)</ref>

Print: For European children dying of cold and hunger at Christmas<ref name=CH>((cite web |url=https://collection.cooperhewitt.org/objects/18657907/ |title=Print, In Memory of the Children of Europe Who Have to Die of Cold and Hunger This X'mas |author=Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |accessdate=8 January 2022 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution))</ref>

Record of two British mariners killed on [[SS Avondale Park|Canadian cargo ship]] sunk in Scottish waters in war's last U-boat attack<ref>[https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/3512.html "Avondale Park; Canadian Steam Merchant"] Ships Hit by U-boats, uboat.net. Accessed 7 August 2020</ref>

Film: newsreel shows [[Battle of the Atlantic#Last actions (May 1945)|U-boats surrendering]] in North American waters, including off Shelburne, Nova Scotia<ref>[https://archives.novascotia.ca/eastcoastport/films/?ID=4427 "Uboat Surrender - film clip," "'An East Coast Port;' Halifax in Wartime, 1939-1945"] Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 10 August 2020</ref>

"A despondent-looking mob" - [[1st Canadian Parachute Battalion#Operation Varsity|Canadian Parachute Battalion]] finds German soldiers and families eagerly [[German prisoners of war in northwest Europe|surrender]] to avoid [[Eastern Front (World War II)#End of the war: April–May 1945|Russians]]<ref>Historical Section (G.S.), Army Headquarters, [https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/themes/defence/caf/militaryhistory/dhh/reports/ahq-reports/ahq017.pdf "The 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion in the Low Countries and in Germany"] (Report No. 17, October 27, 1947), paras. 64-5, pgs. 31-2. Accessed 24 July 2020</ref>

"My survival was an absolute miracle" - [[Robbie Waisman|14-year-old orphan]] liberated from [[Buchenwald concentration camp]]<ref>Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre, "Photograph: Buchenwald, April 1945," Open Hearts - Closed Doors: The War Orphans Project; Liberation, pg. 6. Accessed 10 August 2020 http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/sgc-cms/expositions-exhibitions/orphelins-orphans/english/themes/pdf/the_liberation.pdf (turn to pg. 6)</ref>

Hundreds of children freed from [[Buchenwald Resistance|Buchenwald]], where several Polish inmates ran school<ref>WNS, [https://newspapers.lib.sfu.ca/jwb-49775/page-4 "Buchenwald Yields 4,500 Including 1000 Children"] Jewish Western Bulletin, Vol. XIII, No. 9 (May 4, 1945), pg. 4. Accessed 11 August 2020</ref>

[[War crime#London Charter / Nuremberg Trials 1945|Agreement on trials of European war criminals]], who will return "to the [[German war crimes#Massacres and war crimes of World War II by location|countries]] in which their abominable deeds were done"<ref>[https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/52d68d14de6160e0c12563da005fdb1b/59e5a3f396d98cc3c125641e00405ea7 "Agreement for the Prosecution and Punishment of the Major War Criminals of the European Axis,(...)8 August 1945"] Treaties, States Parties and Commentaries, International Committee of the Red Cross. Accessed 12 August 2020</ref>

"That vague expression and pose of utter bewilderment" - [[Eric Aldwinckle|war artist]]'s painting of lone survivor of bomber crash<ref>Letter of Eric Aldwinckle (June 1, 1945), pgs. 4-5. Accessed 10 August 2020 http://pw20c.mcmaster.ca/pw20c/case-study/creative-dialogue-across-ocean-eric-aldwinckles-letters-harry-somers?page=15 (scroll down to 1 June);
relevant pages: http://pw20c.mcmaster.ca/pw20c/aldwinckle-eric-letter-1-june-1945-2
http://pw20c.mcmaster.ca/pw20c/aldwinckle-eric-letter-16-june-1945
(note: pg. 5 from the June 1 letter is mislabelled June 16);
The Survivor: http://pw20c.mcmaster.ca/sites/default/files/pw20c_images/00001881.jpg</ref>

[[Royal Navy#World Wars|Royal Navy]] electrician posted to Quebec City makes substantial extra pay playing trumpet in Al Bedard's band<ref>"Sidecar" (Stan Dibben), [https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/28/a4413728.shtml "VE and VJ Days in Canada"] WW2 People's War, BBC. Accessed 24 July 2020</ref>

War artist Lance-Corporal [[Molly Bobak#World War II|Molly Lamb]]'s humorous graphic story of saying goodbye to her [[Canadian Women's Army Corps|CWAC]] comrades<ref>Molly Lamb Bobak, [https://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&lang=eng&rec_nbr=3665121 "Girl fails to avoid sordid end"] (March 27, 1945), "W110278" the Personal War Records of Private Lamb, M., pg. 165. Accessed 31 July 2020 (See [http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3191978&lang=eng photo of Molly Lamb at work])</ref>

"A friend to the service man and his dependents at home" - [[Alfred Johnson Brooks|New Brunswick MP]]'s election campaign flyer is aimed at military voters<ref>Letter and flyer of Alfred J. Brooks, "The Man For Royal (Kings and Queens) Service Men and Women to Vote For" (May 1, 1945). Accessed 10 August 2020 http://website.nbm-mnb.ca/MOP/english/ww2/dosearch.asp?browse=3&results=50&all=true (scroll down to Alfred J. Brooks)</ref>

Black Canadian Army private goes to City Hall to [[League of Coloured Peoples|challenge segregation]] policy in four [[Glasgow]] dance halls<ref>The (U.K.) League of Coloured Peoples, "17. Dance Hall Colour Bar Challenged - 'Daily Worker' of 13th September," [http://www.movinghere.org.uk/search/..\deliveryfiles\BL\025NWLT194510\0\7.pdf News Letter] Vol. XIII, No. 73 (October 1945), pg. 19. Accessed 24 July 2020</ref>

[[Veterans Affairs Canada#Creation|Returning veterans]] should have houses and suits, but souvenir firearms are not encouraged<ref>"Rehab Roundup," Civvy Street News, No. 21 (October 1945), in [http://wartimecanada.ca/document/world-war-ii/peace/canadian-affairs-learning-living Canadian Affairs, Vol. 2, No. 16] (Canadian Edition, 1945), inserted between pgs. 10 and 11. Accessed 29 July 2020</ref>

Poster: Information on Canadian production and fighting in later war period<ref>Industrial Information Section, Wartime Information Board, [https://digitalcollections.hoover.org/objects/11422/wallnews-feb-1945-canadian-guns-firstrate--rcaf-lank "Wallnews, Feb. 1945. Canadian guns first-rate ... RCAF 'Lankys' bomb Ruhr(...)"] (1945). Accessed 24 July 2020</ref>

British PM [[Clement Attlee#Prime Minister|Clement Attlee]] says farm, factory and shipyard workers, scientists, technicians and research workers share credit for victory<ref>[https://parl.canadiana.ca/view/oop.debates_HOC2001_02/1042?r=0&s=2 "Address of The Right Honourable Clement R. Attlee] (November 19, 1945), House of Commons Debates, 20th Parliament, 1st Session, Vol. 2, pg. 2278. Accessed 29 August 2021</ref>

"A steadfast and progressive people, blessed with a bountiful land" - production of energy and farm products in [[History of Alberta#Second World War|wartime Alberta]]<ref>Calgary Brewing and Malting Co., [http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/bibliography/10760.html "The Miracle of Wartime Production in Alberta"] (1945). Accessed 10 August 2020</ref>

To block [[Inflation#Negative|inflation]], Canadians urged to avoid [[Black market#Wars|black markets]], keep to [[price controls]] and "not buy two where one will do"<ref>The Brewing Industry (Ontario), [https://newspapers.lib.sfu.ca/mcc-cjr-15857/page-9 "The Canadian Way of Life ... 'where the heart is!'"] The Canadian Jewish Review, Vol. XXVII, No. 29 (April 20, 1945), pg. 9. Accessed 11 August 2020</ref>

Discussion guide on [[Canadian women in the World Wars#Second World War|women's war effort]] and [[Feminism in Canada#Canadian women during and after World War II|future role of women]] in workplace, home and community<ref>Renée Morin, [http://wartimecanada.ca/document/world-war-ii/reconstruction/women-after-war "Women after the War"] Canadian Affairs, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Canadian Edition, March 1, 1945). Accessed 29 July 2020</ref>

[[History of Canada (1945–1960)#Postwar adjustment|Postwar]] hurdles that Canadians face and need to discuss include too few people, too little independence, and disunity<ref>[http://wartimecanada.ca/document/world-war-ii/reconstruction/looking-ahead-canadian-hurdles "Canadian Hurdles"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123020409/http://wartimecanada.ca/document/world-war-ii/reconstruction/looking-ahead-canadian-hurdles |date=2021-01-23 )) Looking Ahead (Canadian Post-War Affairs Discussion Manual No. 4; August 1945). Accessed 29 July 2020</ref>

Editorial speculates on "Japanese mind" in assessing [[Japanese war crimes|Japan's crimes]], "which no Japanese wants to hear about today"<ref>[https://digitalcollections.lib.umanitoba.ca/islandora/object/uofm:2166561 "The Case Against Japan"] The Winnipeg Tribune, 56th Year, No. 215 (September 7, 1945), pg. 6. Accessed 12 August 2020</ref>

Protests against [[Internment of Japanese Canadians#Resettlement and repatriation|transfer]] of more than half of Japanese Canadians to Japan, with calls for their rehabilitation and rights restoration<ref>"Movement to Japan to Start" and "Protest Repatriation of Japanese Canadians," Granada Pioneer, Vol. III, No. 91 (Final Edition; Amache, Colorado, September 15, 1945), [https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83025522/1945-09-15/ed-1/?sp=10 pg. 9]. Accessed 15 February 2020</ref>

PM King explains [[Dumbarton Oaks Conference#Goals and outcomes|proposal for peace and security organization (UN)]], and how it would improve on [[League of Nations]]<ref>W.L. Mackenzie King, [http://parl.canadiana.ca/view/oop.debates_HOC1906_20/36?r=0&s=1 "San Francisco Conference; Proposed General International Organization for Maintenance of Peace and Security"] (March 20, 1945) House of Commons Debates, 19th Parliament, 6th Session: Vol. 1, pgs. 24-7. Accessed 14 August 2020</ref>

"Trust the people as to the future" - King believes putting war and UN conference above politics will aid [[1945 Canadian federal election|Liberals' re-election]]<ref>William Lyon Mackenzie King Diary for 1945 (March 21), [https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/politics-government/prime-ministers/william-lyon-mackenzie-king/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=28147 pg. 268]. Accessed 14 August 2020</ref>

On way to [[United Nations Conference on International Organization|UN conference]], [[Charles Ritchie (diplomat)|diplomat Charles Ritchie]] labels PM King "the fat little conjurer with his flickering, shifty eyes"<ref>Charles Ritchie, "Diary of a Quiet Diplomat," Macleans (November 1, 1974). Accessed 13 August 2020 https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1974/11/1/diary-of-a-quiet-diplomat (scroll down to April 21, 1945)</ref>

Canadians seek standing equal to their [[World War II by country#Canada|role in victory]], but [[J. Graham Parsons|U.S. diplomat]] says cooperation among [[Four Policemen#Formation of the United Nations|four major Allies]] is complex enough<ref>United States Department of State, [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&id=FRUS.FRUS1945v03&entity=FRUS.FRUS1945v03.p0281 "The Assistant Chief of the Division of British Commonwealth Affairs (Parsons) to the Ambassador in Canada (Atherton)"] (May 4, 1945), Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1945; European Advisory Commission, Austria, Germany, pgs. 271-3. Accessed 12 August 2020</ref>

U.S.A., U.K. and Canada intend to share non-military [[Nuclear power#First nuclear reactor|atomic research]] with all nations for "an atmosphere of reciprocal confidence"<ref>[https://e.issuu.com/issuu-reader3-embed-files/latest/twittercard.html?u=fcohistorians&d=britain_and_the_making_of_the_post-war_world_with_&p=172 "Atomic Energy; Agreed Declaration by the President of the United States, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and the Prime Minister of Canada"] (November 15, 1945), in Gill Bennett and Richard Smith (eds.), Britain and the Making of the Post-War World (Documents from the British Archives: No. 1; 2020), pgs. 164-6. Accessed 26 July 2020</ref>

[[Embassy of Russia in Ottawa|Soviet embassy]] clerk [[Igor Gouzenko]] defects, "sickened by the evidence of intrigues and espionage directed against Canada"<ref>Royal Canadian Mounted Police ("apparently"), [https://e.issuu.com/issuu-reader3-embed-files/latest/twittercard.html?u=fcohistorians&d=britain_and_the_making_of_the_post-war_world_with_&p=118 "Corby"] (September 1945), in Gill Bennett and Richard Smith (eds.), Britain and the Making of the Post-War World (Documents from the British Archives: No. 1; 2020), pgs. 110-12. Accessed 26 July 2020</ref>

Film: newsreel of Russian espionage case with shots of [[Deep River, Ontario]] "atom bomb plant" and many Mounties<ref>British Pathé, [https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA1MCWI99DUW0RIKVO3OU7BLZD2-ESPIONAGE-FOUND-IN-CANADA "Espionage Found In Canada"] (1946). Accessed 27 July 2020</ref>

U.S. State Department briefing paper on Britain's (and specifically [[Special Relationship#Churchillian emphasis|Churchill]]'s) lack of control over Commonwealth nations<ref>United States Department of State, [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&id=FRUS.FRUS1945Berlinv01&entity=FRUS.FRUS1945Berlinv01.p0385 "No. 223; Briefing Book Paper; Britain as Member of the 'Big Three'"] (July 2, 1945), General Background Reports, Foreign Relations of the United States; Diplomatic Papers; The Conference of Berlin (The Potsdam Conference), 1945; Volume I, pgs. 253-5. Accessed 12 August 2020</ref>

"[[Anglophobia#United States|Anglophobia]]" in U.S.A. targets U.K. (and Canada, as still part of [[Commonwealth of Nations#Adoption and formalisation of the Commonwealth|Empire]]), hampering postwar economic settlement<ref>D.W. Brogan, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19450929&printsec=frontpage&hl=en "U.S. Suspicions of Britain; Misunderstanding of Empire Position"] The Glasgow Herald, 163rd Year, No. 232 (September 29, 1945), pg. 4. Accessed 24 July 2020</ref>

Private cars, buses and trucks seized for enormous roadblock during [[Ford Strike of 1945|strike by Ford of Canada workers]] in Windsor, Ont.<ref>Walter W. Ruch, "12,000 Defy Police in Windsor Strike," The New York Times (November 7, 1945), pgs. 1, 4. Accessed 12 August 2020 https://projects.windsorpubliclibrary.com/digi/sar/part6.htm (scroll down to Excerpt from The New York Times)</ref>

Program of [[Oscar Peterson]] Trio concert includes works by Chopin, Kreisler, Dvorak, Gershwin, Ellington and Peterson<ref>[https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/206/301/lac-bac/oscar_peterson-ef/www.lac-bac.gc.ca/4/2/m3-7042-e.html "Glebe Collegiate Institute Auditorium; Wednesday, December 5th, 1945; Oscar Peterson and His Jazz Trio"] Accessed 12 August 2020</ref>

Photo: [[Earle Maynier|Ivy Lawrence Maynier]], [[University of Toronto Faculty of Law|University of Toronto Law School]] class of 1945 - "First [[Person of color|woman of colour]] to graduate from the U of T Law School"<ref>[https://www.law.utoronto.ca/about/brief-history/women-in-law-through-decades/1950/ivy-lawrence-maynier-45 "Ivy Lawrence Maynier '45"] Women in Law Through the Decades, University of Toronto Faculty of Law. Accessed 7 May 2023</ref>

==References==
<references />

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