1963 Marj earthquake
1963 Marj earthquake is located in Libya
1963 Marj earthquake
UTC time1963-02-21 17:14:36
ISC event871865
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local dateFebruary 21, 1963 (1963-02-21)
Local time18:14:36 EEST
Magnitude5.6 Mw [1]
Depth25 km (16 mi) [1]
Epicenter32°40′N 21°00′E / 32.66°N 21°E / 32.66; 21 [1]
Areas affectedLibya
Total damage$5 million [2]
Max. intensityVIII (Severe) [3]
Casualties290–375 dead [3]
375–500 injured [3]
12,000 displaced [4]

The 1963 Marj earthquake occurred on February 21 in northern Libya. The earthquake occurred at 18:14:36 local time with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). Financial losses totaled $5 million USD, with 290–375 deaths, 375–500 injuries, and 12,000 homeless.

Tectonic setting

The northern part of Cyrenaica lies close to the northern edge of the African Plate. Offshore lies the Mediterranean Ridge, an accretionary wedge, developed above the destructive plate boundary where the African Plate is being subducted beneath the Aegean Sea Plate along the Hellenic subduction zone. The Cyrenaica promontory is thought to be undergoing incipient collision as the continental margin enters the subduction zone.[5] The Cyrenaica region is characterised by relatively low magnitude earthquakes with thrust fault focal mechanisms,[6] developed in an area of NE–SW directed maximum horizontal stress.[7]

Earthquake

The earthquake's epicenter is located about 13 km to the north-northeast of the city of Marj in the Marj District of Cyrenaica. It was felt as far away as Benghazi, about 100 km from the epicenter.[2] The magnitude has been calculated as Mw 5.6 by the ISC. It was followed later that day by two aftershocks of over Mw 4.0.[8]

Damage

The main area of damage was restricted to a 20 km long section of the alluvial plain around Marj, which is located between two escarpments, possibly fault-related. The maximum damage was observed at Maddalena, a village about 12 km from Marj and close to the epicenter, in which all the farmhouses collapsed. The effects of the shaking depended on the construction type of the buildings. Those built of rubble masonry were most affected, with many collapsing and causing most of the casualties. Buildings constructed from hollow concrete blocks were only moderately affected and those built with reinforced concrete were almost completely unaffected.[8]

Aftermath

The Libyan authorities followed the recommendations of the UNESCO report[8] and rebuilt Marj on firmer ground about 4 km away from its original location.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c ISC (2016), ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2013), Version 4.0, International Seismological Centre
  2. ^ a b National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972), Significant Earthquake Information (Data Set), National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
  3. ^ a b c USGS (September 4, 2009), PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey
  4. ^ Ambraseys, N. N.; Melville, C. P.; Adams, R. D. (2005), The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia and the Red Sea: A Historical Review, Cambridge University Press, pp. 90, 91, ISBN 978-0521020251
  5. ^ Polonia, A.; Camerlenghi, A.; Davey, F.; Storti, F. (2002). "Accretion, structural style and syn-contractional sedimentation in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea". Marine Geology. 186 (1–2): 127–144. Bibcode:2002MGeol.186..127P. doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00176-7.
  6. ^ Capitanio, F.A.; Faccena, C.; Funiciello, R.; Salvini, F. (2011). "Recent tectonics of Tripolitania, Libya: an intraplate record of Mediterranean subduction". In Van Hinsbergen, D.J.J.; Buiter, S.J.H.; Torsvik, T.H.; Gaina, C.; Webb, S.J. (eds.). The Formation and Evolution of Africa: A Synopsis of 3.8 Ga of Earth History. Special Publications. Vol. 357. Geological Society, London. doi:10.1144/SP357.17. ISBN 978-1-86239-335-6. S2CID 131721574.
  7. ^ Al-Heety, E. (2013). "Seismicity and seismotectonics of Libya: as an example of intraplate environment". Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 6 (1): 193–204. Bibcode:2013ArJG....6..193A. doi:10.1007/s12517-011-0347-y. S2CID 129425103.
  8. ^ a b c Minami, K. (1963). Relocation and reconstruction of the Town of Barce,Cyrenaica, Libya, damaged by the earthquake of 21 February 1963 (PDF) (Report). UNESCO.
  9. ^ Cousins, M. (November 12, 2017). "Small earthquake in Marj, no one hurt". LibyaHerald. Retrieved July 1, 2022.

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