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[[File:EC09-1973 European Community map enlargement.svg|thumb|right|((legend|#003399|EC members in 1973))((legend|#ffcc00|New EC members admitted in 1973))]] 
((Short description|Accession of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom to the European Communities))
((United Kingdom in the European Union))
The '''1973 enlargement of the European Communities''' was the first enlargement of the European Communities (EC), now the [[European Union]] (EU). [[Denmark]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] and the [[United Kingdom]] (UK) acceded to the EC on 1 January 1973. [[Gibraltar]] and [[Greenland]] also joined the EC as part of the United Kingdom and Denmark respectively, but the Danish [[Faroe Islands]], the other [[British Overseas Territories]] and the [[Crown Dependencies|Crown dependencies of the United Kingdom]] did not join the EC.

Ireland and Denmark both held referendums in 1972 in [[Third Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland|May]] and [[1972 Danish European Communities membership referendum|October]] respectively, and the United Kingdom held a [[1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum|referendum in 1975]], on membership of the EC, all which approved membership of the EC. [[Norway]] planned to accede, but this was rejected in a [[1972 Norwegian European Communities membership referendum|referendum held in September 1972]]. In 1992 Norway [[1995 enlargement of the European Union|again applied]] to join, but voters again rejected the proposal in a [[1994 Norwegian European Union membership referendum|1994 referendum]].

Greenland later [[Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Community|withdrew from the EC]] on 1 January 1985 after a [[1982 Greenlandic European Community membership referendum|referendum in 1982]]. This was followed by the United Kingdom holding a [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|referendum in 2016]] on membership which resulted in the [[Brexit|United Kingdom voting to leave the EU]].

==Background==
The United Kingdom was still recovering from the economic cost of the [[Second World War]]. Ireland, while an independent state, was economically dependent on the UK, which accounted for nearly 75% of Ireland's exports, as codified in the Anglo-Irish Free trade agreement of 1966.<ref name="Histoire">((cite web|url=http://www.histoire-pour-tous.fr/dossiers/90-histoire-de-la-construction-europeenne/1422-1er-elargissement-de-la-cee-1er-janvier-1973.html|title=1er élargissement de la CEE (1er Janvier 1973)))</ref>

In 1960 the [[European Free Trade Association]] (EFTA) was established and was formed by [[Austria]], [[Denmark]], [[Norway]], [[Portugal]], [[Sweden]], [[Switzerland]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. These countries were often referred to as the Outer Seven, as opposed to the [[Inner Six]] of the founding members of the [[European Community]] (EC).<ref>((cite news |title=Finland: Now, the Seven and a Half |publisher=TIME |date=7 April 1961 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,874317,00.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104144427/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,874317,00.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 4, 2011 |access-date=18 July 2009 ))</ref> The EFTA was founded by a convention known as the Stockholm Convention in 1960, with the aim of liberalisation of trade in goods amongst its member states.
On 31 July 1961 the United Kingdom,<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2002/9/3/a5c95873-aca0-4e9f-be93-53a36918041d/publishable_en.pdf |title=Address given by Harold Macmillan on the United Kingdom's application for membership to the EC |date=31 July 1961 |publisher=Le Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe ))</ref> Ireland<ref name=Europa>((cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/ireland/ireland_in_the_eu/index1_en.htm|title=Ireland in the EU – Joining the European Community|publisher=European Union))</ref> and Denmark<ref>((cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3583801.stm |title=A timeline of the EU |work=BBC News ))</ref> applied to join the EC. In 1963, after negotiations,<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.voxeu.org/article/britain-s-eu-membership-new-insight-economic-history |title=Britain's EU membership: New insight from economic history |publisher=VOX, CEPR’s Policy Portal ))</ref> France vetoed the United Kingdom's application because of the aversion of [[Charles de Gaulle]] to the UK,<ref name=Europa /> which he considered a "trojan horse" for the United States.<ref name="Histoire" /> De Gaulle resigned the French presidency in 1969.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/depuis-1958/decisions-par-date/1969/declaration-de-vacance-1969/decision-declaration-de-vacance-1969-du-28-avril-1969.7153.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204160506/http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/depuis-1958/decisions-par-date/1969/declaration-de-vacance-1969/decision-declaration-de-vacance-1969-du-28-avril-1969.7153.html|archive-date=4 December 2008|title=Déclaration du Conseil constitutionnel suite à la démission du Général de Gaulle, Président de la République|year=1969|publisher=[[Constitutional Council of France]]))</ref><ref>((cite web|title=Press Release re Resignation|work=[[Charles de Gaulle Foundation|Fondation Charles de Gaulle]]|year=2008|url=http://www.charles-de-gaulle.org/article.php3?id_article=532|access-date=2016-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118225651/http://www.charles-de-gaulle.org/article.php3?id_article=532|archive-date=2008-11-18|url-status=dead))</ref> In the 1970s, the EFTA states concluded free trade agreements with the EC.<ref>((cite web |title=The European Free Trade Association |publisher=European Free Trade Association |url=http://www.efta.int/about-efta/european-free-trade-association |access-date=8 May 2016 ))</ref>

== Impact((dubious|date=May 2020)) ==
((more citations needed|section|date=May 2020))
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;
|-
! Member countries 
! Capital
! Population
! Area (km²)
! GDP <br />(billion US$)
! GDP <br />per capita (US$)
! Languages
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |  ((DEN)) 
| [[Copenhagen]]
| 5,021,861
| 2,209,180
| 70.032
| $59,928
| [[Danish language|Danish]] 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | ((IRL)) 
| [[Dublin]]
| 3,073,200
| 70,273
| 21.103
| $39,638
| [[English language|English]], [[Irish language|Irish]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | ((UK)) 
| [[London]]
| 56,210,000
| 244,820
| 675.941
| $36,728
| [[English language|English]]
|-
! Accession countries
!  
! 64,305,061
! 2,524,273
! 767.076
! 11,929 
! 3
|-
! Existing members (1973)
!  
! 192,457,106
! 1,299,536
! 2,381,396
! 12,374
! 4
|-
! EC9 (1973)
!  
! 256,762,167 <br /> ''(+33.41%)''
! 3,465,633 <br /> ''(+266.68%)''
! 3,148.472 <br /> ''(+32.21%)''
! 12,262 <br /> ''(−0.91%)''
! 7
|}

==See also==
*[[Denmark and the euro]]
*[[United Kingdom and the euro]]
*[[1981 enlargement of the European Communities]]
*[[1986 enlargement of the European Communities]]
*[[1995 enlargement of the European Union]]
*[[2004 enlargement of the European Union]]
*[[2007 enlargement of the European Union]]
*[[2013 enlargement of the European Union]]

==References==
((Reflist))

((European Union candidates)) 
((United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016))
((European Union topics|state=collapsed))

[[Category:1973 in Europe]]
[[Category:History of the European Union]]
[[Category:January 1973 events in Europe]]
[[Category:1973 in international relations]]
[[Category:Denmark and the European Union]] 
[[Category:Ireland and the European Union]] 
[[Category:United Kingdom and the European Union]]

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