← 1979 1978 1977 1980 in the Soviet Union → 1981 1982 1983
Decades:	1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
See also:	History of the Soviet Union List of years in the Soviet Union

The following lists events that happened during 1980 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Incumbents

• General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union: Leonid Brezhnev (1964–1982)^[1]
• Premier of the Soviet Union: Alexei Kosygin (1964–1980), Nikolai Tikhonov (1980–1985)

Events

• 19 July–3 August – The Olympics take place in Moscow.^[2]
• Soviet–Afghan War

Births

• 20 February – Zurab Yevloyev, former Russian professional football player^[3]
• 12 June – Denys Monastyrsky, Ukrainian politician (died 2023)
• 22 June – Ilya Bryzgalov, former Russian ice hockey player
• 20 September – Vladimir Karpets, Russian cyclist

Deaths

• 10 February – Suren Tovmasyan, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia (1953-1960) (born 1910)
• 1 March – Daniil Khrabrovitsky, film director (born 1923)
• 9 March – Nikolay Bogolyubov, actor (born 1899)
• 11 March – Mikhail Kaufman, cinematographer and photographer (born 1897)
• 11 April – Yakov Zarobyan, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia (1960-1966) (born 1908)
• 7 July – Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia (born 1901)
• 17 July – Boris Delaunay, mathematician (born 1890)
• 20 July – Lado Gudiashvili, painter (born 1896)
• 25 July – Vladimir Vysotsky, singer-songwriter, poet and actor (born 1938)
• 4 October – Pyotr Masherov, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Byelorussia (1965-1980) (born 1918)
• 20 November – Avtandil Gogoberidze, football player (born 1922)
• 18 December – Alexei Kosygin, Premier of the Soviet Union (1964-1980) (born 1904)
• Date unknown
  • Akaki Mgeladze, First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party (1952-1953) (born 1910)