1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries
← 1980 February 20 to June 12, 1984 1988 →
3,882 delegates to the 1984 Democratic National Convention
1,942 (majority) votes needed to win
 
Candidate Walter Mondale Gary Hart Jesse Jackson
Home state Minnesota Colorado Illinois
Delegate count 1,929 1,164 358
Contests won 22 26 4
Popular vote 6,952,912 6,504,842 3,282,431
Percentage 38.3% 35.9% 18.1%
Grey denotes a territory that did not hold a primary or caucus.
Previous Democratic nominee

Jimmy Carter

 Democratic nominee

Walter Mondale

From February 20 to June 12, 1984, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1984 United States presidential election. Former Vice President Walter Mondale was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1984 Democratic National Convention held from July 16 to July 19, 1984, in San Francisco, California.

Primary race

Only three candidates won any state primaries: Walter Mondale, Gary Hart, and Jesse Jackson. Initially, former Vice President Mondale was viewed as the favorite to win the Democratic nomination, especially after he was endorsed early in the primary by former President Jimmy Carter. Mondale had the largest number of party leaders supporting him, and he had raised more money than any other candidate. However, both Jackson and Hart emerged as surprising, and troublesome, opponents for Mondale.

Jackson was the second African-American (after Shirley Chisholm) to mount a nationwide campaign for the presidency, and he was the first African-American candidate to be a serious contender. He garnered 3.5 million votes during the primaries, third behind Hart and Mondale. He managed to win Washington, D.C., South Carolina, and Louisiana, and split Mississippi, where there were two separate contests for Democratic delegates. Through the primaries, Jackson helped confirm the black electorate's importance to the Democratic Party in the South at the time. During the campaign, however, Jackson made an off-the-cuff reference to Jews as "Hymies" and New York City as "Hymietown", for which he later apologized. Nonetheless, the remark was widely publicized, and derailed his campaign for the nomination.[1] Jackson ended up winning 21% of the national primary vote but received only 8% of the delegates to the national convention, and he initially charged that his campaign was hurt by the same party rules that allowed Mondale to win. He also poured scorn on Mondale, saying that Hubert Humphrey was the "last significant politician out of the St. Paul-Minneapolis" area.[2]

Mondale celebrates his victory in the Iowa caucus

Colorado Senator Gary Hart was little-known when he announced his run February 1983, and barely received above 1% in the polls compared to other well-known figures. To counter this, Hart started campaigning early in New Hampshire, making a then-unprecedented canvassing tour in late September, months before the primary. This strategy attracted national media attention to his campaign, and by late 1983, he had risen moderately in the polls to the middle of the field, mostly at the expense of the sinking candidacies of John Glenn and Alan Cranston. Mondale easily won the Iowa caucus in late February,[3][4] but Hart polled a better-than-expected 16%. A week later, in the New Hampshire primary, he shocked much of the party establishment and the media by defeating Mondale by ten percentage points. Hart instantly became the main challenger to Mondale for the nomination, and appeared to have the momentum on his side.

Hart criticized Mondale as an "old-fashioned" Great Society Democrat who symbolized "failed policies" of the past. Hart positioned himself as a younger, fresher, and more moderate Democrat who could appeal to younger voters. He emerged as a formidable candidate, winning the key Ohio and California primaries as well as several others, especially in the West. However, Hart could not overcome Mondale's financial and organizational advantages, especially among labor union leaders in the Midwest and industrial Northeast. Hart was also badly hurt during a televised debate when Mondale used a popular television commercial slogan to ridicule Hart's vague "New Ideas" platform. Turning to Hart on camera, Mondale said that whenever he heard Hart talk about his "New Ideas", he was reminded of the Wendy's fast-food slogan "Where's the beef?". The remark drew loud laughter and applause from the audience and caught Hart off-guard. Hart never fully recovered from Mondale's charge that his "New Ideas" were shallow and lacking in specifics. Earlier in the same Democratic primary debate, Hart committed a serious faux pas that largely went underreported. Asked what he would do if an unidentified airplane flew over the Iron Curtain from a Warsaw Pact nation, Hart replied that he would send up a United States Air Force plane and instruct them to determine whether or not it was an enemy plane by looking in the cockpit window to see if the pilots were wearing uniforms. Fellow candidate John Glenn, a former Marine Corps fighter pilot, replied that this was physically impossible.

At a roundtable debate between the three remaining Democratic candidates moderated by Phil Donahue, Mondale and Hart got in such a heated argument over the issue of U.S. policy in Central America that Jackson had to tap his water glass on the table to get them to simmer down.

Mondale gradually pulled away from Hart in the delegate count, but the race was not decided until June, on "Super Tuesday III".[5] Decided that day were delegates from five states: South Dakota, New Mexico, West Virginia, and the big prizes of California and New Jersey.[6] The proportional nature of delegate selection meant that Mondale was likely to obtain enough delegates on that day to secure the stated support of an overall majority of delegates, and hence the nomination, no matter who actually "won" the states contested. However, Hart maintained that unpledged superdelegates that had previously claimed support for Mondale would shift to his side if he swept the Super Tuesday III primary.[7] Once again, Hart committed a faux pas, insulting New Jersey shortly before the primary day. Campaigning in California, he remarked that while the "bad news" was that he and his wife Lee had to campaign separately, "[t]he good news for her is that she campaigns in California while I campaign in New Jersey." Compounding the problem, when his wife interjected that she "got to hold a koala bear," Hart replied that "I won't tell you what I got to hold: samples from a toxic-waste dump."[7] While Hart won California, he decisively lost New Jersey after leading in polls by as much as 15 points.

By the time the Democratic Convention started in San Francisco, Mondale had more than enough delegates to win the Democratic nomination. However, after Mondale's landslide loss to Ronald Reagan, Hart would quickly emerge as the frontrunner for the 1988 Democratic Party's presidential nomination. He would maintain that status until a sex scandal derailed his candidacy in 1987.

Mondale's nomination marked only the fifth time that the Democratic Party nominated a private citizen for President (i.e., not serving in an official government role at the time of the nomination and election), following former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter in 1976, who followed former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson II in 1956, who followed former West Virginia Congressman John W. Davis in 1924, who was preceded by former President Grover Cleveland in 1892. The Democratic Party did not nominate another private citizen until former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, in 2016. Four years later, the party nominated former vice president Joe Biden. Of the seven private-citizen Democratic nominees, only Jimmy Carter, Grover Cleveland, and Joe Biden won their respective presidential elections.[8]

Candidates

Nominee

Candidate Most recent office Home state Campaign

Withdrawal date

Popular vote Contests won Running mate
Walter Mondale Vice President of the United States
(1977–1981)

Minnesota

(Campaign)
Secured nomination:
June 6, 1984

6,952,912

(38.3%)

22
NY, NJ, DE, MD, PA, VA, WV,
NC, GA, AL, TN, KY, MI, IL,
AR, MO, IA, MN, KS, TX, HI, PR 		Geraldine Ferraro

Withdrew during primaries or convention

Candidate Most recent office Home state Campaign

Withdrawal date

Popular vote Contests won
Gary Hart U.S. Senator from Colorado
(1975–1987) 		Colorado
Colorado
(Campaign) 		6,504,842
(35.9%) 		26
ME, NH, VT, MA, CT, RI,
FL, OH, IN, WI, OK, NE,
SD, ND, NM, CO, WY, MT,
AZ, UT, ID, NV, WA, OR,
CA, AK
Jesse Jackson None Illinois
Illinois
(Campaign) 		3,282,431
(18.1%) 		4
LA, MS, SC, DC

Withdrew during primaries

Declined to run

Timeline

Nominee
Ended campaigns
Iowa caucuses
New Hampshire primary
Super Tuesday
Convention 1984

Endorsements

List of Walter Mondale endorsements

Mondale had received endorsements from:

United States House of Representatives
Governors and State Constitutional officers
Former officeholders
Former diplomats, board members and other officials
Organizations and unions
Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders
Alabama
California
  • Mayor and 1982 Democratic Gubernatorial nominee Tom Bradley of Los Angeles[21]
Georgia
Illinois
  • Former Alderman, President of the City Council, 1983 mayoral candidate, and Cook County Democratic Party Chairman Edward Vrdolyak of Chicago[22]
Michigan
List of Gary Hart endorsements

Hart had received endorsements from:

United States House of Representatives
Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators
List of Jesse Jackson endorsements

Jackson had received endorsements from:

United States House of Representatives
Former officeholders
Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders
Alabama
Georgia
  • State Representative Tyrone Brookes[33]
Illinois
Indiana
Washington, D.C.
Organizations and unions
Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators
List of Ernest F. Hollings endorsements

Hollings had received endorsements from:

United States Senate
State Constitutional officers
List of John Glenn endorsements

Glenn had received endorsements from:

United States Senate
United States House of Representatives
Governors and State Constitutional officers
Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders
Georgia
Texas
  • State Representative Larry Walker[16]
Celebrities
List of Alan Cranston endorsements

Cranston had received endorsements from:

United States House of Representatives
List of Reubin Askew endorsements

Askew had received endorsements from:

United States Senate
United States House of Representatives
Governors and State Constitutional officers
Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders
Florida

Opinion polling

Before 1983

Poll source Date(s)
Jerry Brown
Jimmy Carter
John Glenn
Ted Kennedy
George McGovern
Walter Mondale
Other
Undecided/None
Gallup[49][50] Apr. 23–26, 1982 6% 11% 6% 45% – 12% 9%[a] 11%
Gallup[50] July 30–Aug. 2, 1982 4% 8% 7% 43% – 13% 25%[b]
Gallup[50][51] Dec. 10–13, 1982 5% – 14% – 6% 32% 17%[c] 26%
  1. ^ Combined for Jay Rockefeller, John Y. Brown Jr., Bruce Babbitt, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Bill Bradley, Alan Cranston, Gary Hart, Ernest Hollings, Reubin Askew, and Robert Strauss, each of whom received less than 2%.
  2. ^ Jay Rockefeller, John Y. Brown Jr., Bruce Babbitt, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Bill Bradley, Alan Cranston, Gary Hart, Ernest Hollings, Reubin Askew, and Robert Strauss were included in the poll but each received less than 2%.
  3. ^ Gary Hart with 2%, Alan Cranston with 2%, Reubin Askew with 1%, Ernest Hollings with 1% and less than 2% each for Bruce Babbitt, John Brown, Jay Rockefeller, Lloyd Bentsen, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Bill Bradley, Mo Udall, Robert Strauss.

1983

Poll source Publication
Reubin Askew
Alan Cranston
John Glenn
Gary Hart
Ernest Hollings
Jesse Jackson
George McGovern
Walter Mondale
Gallup[50] Mar. 1983 2% 3% 13% 2% 1% – 4% 32%
Gallup[50] Apr. 1983 1% 3% 23% 4% 1% – – 29%
Gallup[50] June 1983 3% 8% 24% 3% 1% – – 41%
Gallup[50] July 1983 2% 7% 25% 4% 2% – – 41%
Gallup[50] Sep. 1983 3% 5% 23% 3% 1% 8% 8% 34%
Gallup[50] Oct. 1983 1% 6% 21% 3% 1% 10% 8% 40%
Gallup[50] Oct. 1983 2% 3% 23% 1% 1% 8% 7% 34%
Gallup[50] Nov. 1983 3% 3% 19% 2% 1% 7% 7% 47%
Gallup[50] Dec. 1983 1% 3% 24% 3% 1% 10% 8% 40%

1984

Poll source Publication
Reubin Askew
Alan Cranston
John Glenn
Gary Hart
Ernest Hollings
Jesse Jackson
George McGovern
Walter Mondale
Gallup[50] Jan. 1984 1% 4% 16% 3% 1% 9% 4% 47%
Gallup[50] Jan. 1984 2% 3% 15% 2% 1% 11% 7% 47%
Gallup[50] Feb. 1984 2% 3% 13% 3% 1% 13% 5% 49%

Results by state

Delegates Walter
Mondale 		Gary
Hart 		Jesse
Jackson 		John
Glenn 		Uncommitted Others
February 20 Iowa caucus 50 36,675 (48.89%) 12,375 (16.50%) 1,125 (1.50%) 2,625 (3.50%) 7,050 (9.40%) 15,160 (20.21%)
February 28 New Hampshire primary 18 28,173 (27.88%) 37,702 (37.31%) 5,311 (5.26%) 12,088 (11.96%) - 17,771 (17.59%)
March 4 Maine caucuses 43.4 50.2
March 6 Vermont 13 458 677 192 0 68 -
March 10 Wyoming 12 1,266 2,130 14 3 108 8
March 13 Alabama 52 148,165 (34.60%) 88,465 (20.66%) 83,787 (19.56%) 89,286 (20.85%) 4,464 (1.04%) 14,116 (3.30%)
Democrats Abroad primary 6 37.54% 30.89% 9.62% 4.03% 8.98% -
Florida 111 394,279 (33.36%) 463,661 (39.23%) 144,229 (12.20%) 128,154 (10.84%) - 51,627 (4.37%)
Georgia 71 208,588 (30.47%) 186,853 (27.30%) 143,730 (21.00%) 122,744 (17.93%) 3,068 (0.45%) 19,503 (2.85%)
Massachusetts 103 160,893 (25.50%) 245,943 (38.98%) 31,824 (5.04%) 45,456 (7.20%) 5,080 (0.81%) 141,766 (22.47%)

134,341 (21.29%) for McGovern

Rhode Island 15,338 (34.46%) 20,011 (44.96%) 3,875 (8.71%) 2,249 (5.05%) 439 (0.99%) 2,599 (5.84%)

2,146 (4.82%) for McGovern

March 17 Michigan 50.70% 32.32% 16.98% - - -
March 18 Puerto Rico 99.06% 0.61% - 0.31% - -
March 20 Illinois primary 40.43% 35.23% 21.02% 1.19% - -
Minnesota caucus 62% 7% 3% - - -
March 27 Connecticut 29.08% 52.66% 11.95% 0.43% 0.89% -
April 3 New York 621,581 (44.79%) 380,564 (27.42%) 355,541 (25.62%) 15,941 (1.15%) - -
April 3 Wisconsin 41.11% 44.42% 9.83% 1.01% 1.11% -
April 7 Wisconsin caucus 54.07% 29.20% 15.22% - 1.50% -
April 10 Pennsylvania 45.12% 33.29% 15.97% 1.37% - 1.16%
May 1 District of Columbia 25.62% 7.11% 67.27% - - -
Tennessee 41.05% 29.10% 25.28% 1.30% 2.08% -
May 5 Louisiana 22.32% 24.97% 42.88% - 6.09% 1.56%
May 8 Indiana 40.93% 41.77% 13.70% 2.24% - -
Maryland 42.46% 24.34% 25.53% 1.23% 3.12% 1.55%
North Carolina 35.63% 30.17% 25.39% 1.84% 4.60% -
Ohio 40.33% 42.05% 16.39% - - 0.30%
May 15 Idaho 30.08% 58.00% 5.67% - 4.07% 2.19%
Nebraska 26.63% 58.17% 9.07% - 3.11% 0.82%
Oregon 27.62% 58.46% 9.28% 2.71% - 1.49%
June 5 California 35.32% 38.89% 18.40% 3.26% - 1.77%
Montana 5.92% 9.00% 1.13% 0.02% 82.96% -
New Jersey 45.16% 29.70% 23.62% - - 1.52%
New Mexico 36.11% 46.75% 11.83% - 0.79% 1.78%
South Dakota 38.99% 50.69% 5.21% - 2.48% 2.63%
West Virginia 53.83% 37.34% 6.69% - - 1.97%
June 12 North Dakota 2.78% 85.11% 0.15% - - 11.96%

Convention

Main article: 1984 Democratic National Convention

The candidates for U.S. president earned the following numbers of delegates:[52]

Democratic National Convention presidential vote, 1984
Candidate Votes Percentage
Walter Mondale 2,191 (56.41%)
Gary Hart 1,200 (30.92%)
Jesse Jackson 465 (12.00%)
Thomas Eagleton 18 (0.46%)
George McGovern 4 (0.10%)
John Glenn 2 (0.05%)
Joe Biden 1 (0.03%)
Martha Kirkland 1 (0.03%)
Totals 3,882 100.00%

When he made his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention, Mondale said: "Let's tell the truth. Mr. Reagan will raise taxes, and so will I. He won't tell you. I just did." Although Mondale intended to expose Reagan as hypocritical and position himself as the honest candidate, the choice of taxes as a discussion point likely damaged his electoral chances.[citation needed]

Vice-Presidential nominee

Mondale chose U.S. Rep. Geraldine A. Ferraro of New York as his running mate and she was confirmed by acclamation, making her the first woman nominated for that position by a major party.

Aides later said that Mondale was determined to establish a precedent with his vice presidential candidate, considering San Francisco Mayor (Later U.S. Senator) Dianne Feinstein and Governor of Kentucky Martha Layne Collins, who were also female; Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, an African American; and San Antonio Mayor Henry Cisneros, a Hispanic, as other finalists for the nomination.[2] Unsuccessful nomination candidate Jackson derided Mondale's vice-presidential screening process as a "P.R. parade of personalities"; however, he praised Mondale for his choice.

Others however preferred Senator Lloyd Bentsen because he would appeal to more conservative Southern voters. Nomination rival Gary Hart had also been lobbying for the vice-presidential spot on the ticket once it became apparent that Mondale had clinched the majority of delegates; Hart's supporters claimed he would do better than Mondale against President Reagan, an argument undercut by a June 1984 Gallup poll that showed both men nine points behind the President.

Politicians considered for vice presidential nomination:[53]

See also

References

  1. ^ Larry J. Sabato's Feeding Frenzy (July 21, 1998). "Jesse Jackson's 'Hymietown' Remark – 1984". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
  2. ^ a b Evan Thomas (1984-07-02). "Trying to Win the Peace". Time. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.
  3. ^ Raines, Howell (19 February 1984). "Candidates Facing First Major Test in Iowa Caucuses". The New York Times.
  4. ^ "Caucus history: Past years' results". Archived from the original on 2016-11-08. Retrieved 2021-07-20.((cite web)): CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  5. ^ Ed Magnuson (1984-06-18). "Over the Top, Barely". Time. Archived from the original on November 2, 2007.
  6. ^ George J. Church (1984-06-04). "A Big Bicoastal Finale". Time. Archived from the original on December 12, 2008.
  7. ^ a b Evan Thomas (1984-06-11). "Last Call, and Out Reeling". Time. Archived from the original on April 21, 2008.
  8. ^ Mondale's Acceptance Speech, 1984, AllPolitics
  9. ^ "Second former Florida governor surprise entry in N.H. Primary - UPI Archives".
  10. ^ "Six California House Members Switch: Cranston To Mondale". The Napa Valley Register. March 3, 1984. p. 13. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Democrats Choose Delegates". The New York Times. January 24, 1984. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  12. ^ Crowder, Ken; Gannaway, Glenn (March 27, 1984). "No winner in Lee, WIse caucuses". Kingsport Times-News. p. 15. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  13. ^ a b c Lynn, Frank (January 15, 1984). "State Drawing Presidential Hopefuls State". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  14. ^ Hyde, John (January 26, 1984). "Harkin, Bedell, Smith win seats at convention". The Des Moines Register. p. 4. Retrieved May 13, 2022. Harkin and Bedell have endorsed the candidacy of former Vice President Walter Mondale.
  15. ^ Moses, Charles T. (April 1, 1984). "Primary Called Test of Black Voting Power". Newsday (Suffolk Edition). p. 15. Retrieved May 13, 2022. Others closely tied to the Democratic Party structure, including Rep. Charles Rangel (D-Manhattan), national vice chairman for Walter Mondale's campaign and a powerful leader in the black community, have described Jackson's candidacy as one blacks cannot afford to endorse.
  16. ^ a b c d Raines, Howell (January 29, 1984). "Southern Primaries Could Spell Trouble For Glenn". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  17. ^ a b c d Raines, Howell (October 20, 1983). "Democrats Pursue Southern Support". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  18. ^ Boyd, Gerald M. (December 11, 1983). "Alabama Blacks' Group Decides To Back Mondale-Jackson Ticket". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  19. ^ a b Raines, Howell (December 12, 1983). "MONDALE HAD GOOD '83 – NOW THE REAL TEST BEGINS". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  20. ^ a b c Smith, Hedrick (February 25, 1984). "Experts Say The South Looks Blead For Glenn". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  21. ^ a b HOWELL RAINES (November 4, 1983). "A Provocative Candidate". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  22. ^ a b Gailey, Phil (December 5, 1983). "Political Potholes Ahead For Traveling Democrats". The New York Times. Chicago (Ill). Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  23. ^ Raines, Howell (October 19, 1983). "Politics – Hart'S Tactics Askew'S Train And Film Anxieties". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  24. ^ Rainie, Harrison (June 7, 1984). "Urge Hart to pack it in for unity". Daily News. p. 34. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  25. ^ HOWELL RAINES (February 26, 1984). "8 DEMOCRATS GIRD FOR KEY PRIMARY IN NEW HAMPSHIRE". The New York Times. New Hampshire. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  26. ^ Abramson, Rudy; Oates, May Louise (March 8, 1984). "Senator Accuses Reagan of Using Divisive Issues". The Los Angeles Times. p. 1. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  27. ^ a b Plotz, David (1999-08-20). "Warren Beatty". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  28. ^ Smothers, Ronald (November 1, 1983). "Democratic Candidates Welcome Jackson Bid For Nomination". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  29. ^ a b c Smothers, Ronald (November 4, 1983). "Jackson Declares Formal Candidacy". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  30. ^ "Orval Faubus Supporting Jackson". The Charlotte Observer. March 10, 1984. p. 6. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  31. ^ Smothers, Ronald (December 28, 1983). "Jackson Wins Attention But Strength Is Unclear". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  32. ^ a b Ronald Smothers (March 12, 1984). "Alabama Black Leaders Are Urging Pragmatism In Supporting Mondale". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  33. ^ a b Smothers, Ronald (January 15, 1984). "Jackson Attracts Crowds, But Planning Is Erratic". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  34. ^ Canerdy, Beverly (March 12, 1984). "D.C. mayor stumps for Jackson". Clarion-Ledger. p. 12. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  35. ^ a b c Boyd, Gerald M. (February 14, 1984). "Black Churches A Mainspring Of Jackson'S Efforts". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  36. ^ Raines, Howell (December 2, 1983). "Jackson Gets Support, Apparently Without Poll Of The Group". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  37. ^ "Barry Commoner Vows To Back Jesse Jackson". The New York Times. August 30, 1983. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
  38. ^ "South Carolina Political Collections – University Libraries | University of South Carolina". sc.edu.
  39. ^ Tom Sherwood (December 15, 1983). "Del. Pickett to Head Mondale's Va. Race". The Washington Post.
  40. ^ a b "Winchester Star Newspaper Archives February 10, 1984 Page 18". 10 February 1984.
  41. ^ "Anna Belle Clement O'Brien passes away at 86". Archived from the original on 6 September 2009.
  42. ^ "Glenn camp can't afford loss in South". The Morning Call. March 11, 1984. p. 7. Retrieved May 13, 2022. Glenn was endorsed Friday by Sen. Sam Nunn, D-Ga., who said he cast his absentee ballot for the Ohio senator.
  43. ^ Robinson, Walter V. (January 21, 1984). "Glenn says a Mondale comment 'goes too far'". The Boston Globe. p. 6. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  44. ^ "GLENN SEEKING TO TURN A HERO'S IMAGE INTO VOTES". The New York Times. June 15, 1983. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
  45. ^ "Ferraro collects pledges of support from state's major political groups". The Montgomery Advertiser. August 26, 1984. p. 2. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  46. ^ "Durrette criticizes Robb for endorsing Mondale". Kingsport Times-News. September 25, 1984. p. 11. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  47. ^ "Askew Ends Presidential Campaign". The Miami Herald. March 2, 1984. p. 17. Retrieved May 13, 2022. One who apparently dissuaded him was Gov. Bob Graham, who steadfastly supported Askew for president.
  48. ^ "ASKEW TELLS MOBILE HE 'FEELS GOOD' ABOUT RACE". The New York Times. February 7, 1984. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
  49. ^ "Gallup Poll Has Kennedy Leading Democrats". The New York Times. 16 May 1982. p. 23.
  50. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "US President - D Primaries (Polling)". OurCampaigns. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  51. ^ "Poll Finds Democrats Favor Mondale for '84". The New York Times. 15 Jan 1983. p. 11.
  52. ^ "Our Campaigns - US President - D Convention Race - Jul 16, 1984". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  53. ^ "Trying to Win the Peace". Time. July 2, 1984. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
Categories