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XIII Summer Universiade
第13回 夏季ユニバーシアード
Host cityKobe, Japan
Nations106
Athletes2,783
Events119 in 11 sports
OpeningAugust 24, 1985
ClosingSeptember 4, 1985
Opened byCrown Prince Akihito
Main venueKobe Universiade Memorial Stadium
Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium

The 1985 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIII Summer Universiade, took place in Kobe, Japan.

Mascot

The mascot of the Kobe Universiade, "Unitan", designed by Osamu Tezuka, is a red-crested white crane, symbolic of Japan and a good omen. The name was chosen from some 8,000 suggestions received from throughout the country. The name is derived from a combination of 'uni' from 'Universiade' and 'tan' from the Japanese name for red-crested crane, namely 'tancho-tsuru'.

Gender test

The sex chromatin test was used at these games to decide on participants' gender; Spanish hurdler Maria José Martínez-Patiño was declared a man and thus ruled ineligible for the women's events.[1][2][3] In agreement with officials who suggested she fake an injury so she could withdraw without publicity, she complied. She later fought, successfully, to have that diagnosis reversed.[4]

Sports

Medal table

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Soviet Union (URS)41221780
2 United States (USA)25212369
3 Cuba (CUB)88521
4 China (CHN)67619
5 Romania (ROM)510621
6 Japan (JPN)*53715
7 Italy (ITA)46515
8 Bulgaria (BUL)45514
9 North Korea (PRK)3339
10 Netherlands (NED)3148
11 Poland (POL)3126
12 South Korea (KOR)3047
13 West Germany (FRG)24915
14 Australia (AUS)2428
15 Nigeria (NGR)2125
16 Hungary (HUN)1438
17 Great Britain (GBR)1236
18 Brazil (BRA)1225
19 Czechoslovakia (TCH)1012
 Jamaica (JAM)1012
21 Canada (CAN)06713
22 France (FRA)0437
23 Yugoslavia (YUG)0123
24 Mexico (MEX)0101
 New Zealand (NZL)0101
 Portugal (POR)0101
 Uruguay (URU)0101
28 Ivory Coast (CIV)0011
 Morocco (MAR)0011
 Puerto Rico (PUR)0011
Totals (30 entries)121119125365

References

  1. ^ Ruth Padawer (June 28, 2016). "The Humiliating Practice of Sex-Testing Female Athletes". The New York Times.
  2. ^ Ljungqvist, A. (2008-04-15). "Gender Verification". In Barbara L. Drinkwater (ed.). The Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine: An IOC Medical Commission Publication, Women in Sport. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 183–93. ISBN 9780470756850. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  3. ^ Schultz, Jaime (2014). Qualifying Times: Points of Change in U.S. Women's Sport. U of Illinois P. pp. 111–12. ISBN 9780252095962.
  4. ^ Cole, Cheryl L. (2000). "One Chromosome Too Many?". In Kay Schaffer (ed.). The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games. Sidonie Smith. Rutgers UP. pp. 128–46. ISBN 9780813528205. Retrieved 2 March 2015.


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