Incumbents

Events

August 24 – The country declares its independence from the Soviet Union.^[1]
October 6 – Soviet President Gorbachev condemns antisemitism in the Soviet Union in a statement read on the 50th anniversary of the Babi Yar massacres, which saw the death of 35,000 Jews in the country during WWII.^[2]^[3]
December 8 – In the Białowieża Forest Nature Reserve in Belarus, the leaders of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine sign an agreement officially ending the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in its place.^[4]^[5]
December 12 – Ukraine becomes the first post-Soviet republic to decriminalize homosexuality.^[6]

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^ Paul G. Lewis; Professor Paul Lewis (2001). Party Development and Democratic Change in Post-Communist Europe: The First Decade. Psychology Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-7146-5155-2.
^ Clines, Francis X. (1991-10-07). "Gorbachev Condemns Anti-Semitism, Past and Present". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
^ Vincent J. Schodolski. "GORBACHEV RUES JEWISH EXODUS". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
^ "The Belavezha Accords signed". Presidential Library. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
^ "Belovezha Accords and Beyond: Delineating the Russian State. | National Technical Reports Library - NTIS". ntrl.ntis.gov. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
^ Ottosson, Daniel (May 2008). "State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults" (PDF). International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA). p. 45. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-06. Retrieved 5 May 2009.

v t e 1991 in Europe
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czechoslovakia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia and Montenegro Slovakia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City Yugoslavia
States with limited recognition	Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies, colonies and other territories	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey