Parliamentary elections were held in Georgia on 21 May 2008.[1]PresidentMikheil Saakashvili proposed a referendum on bringing them forward from fall to spring after the 2007 Georgian demonstrations.[2] The referendum was held at the same time as the early presidential election on 5 January 2008; the results indicated that voters were largely in favour of having the elections in spring.[3]
The Central Election Commission registered 3,458,020 voters,[4] significantly higher than the 2,343,087 registered in 2004. The election was observed by 14 international and 31 local organizations.[5][6]
Pre-election process
The pre-election period was principally monitored by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) as well as several local watchdogs. The PACE observers reported “little or no improvement” in the political climate after the January 5 presidential election, which was held in the tense aftermath of the November 2007 political crisis and resulted in the reelection of Mikheil Saakashvili to his second term. The monitoring mission noted that “the political climate is still dominated by a lack of trust and absence of constructive dialogue between the authorities and the opposition”, one result of this being “the failure of the electoral reform that the authorities and the opposition agreed upon in the aftermath of the November 2007 events.”[7]
The amendments to the election code passed by the Parliament in March 2008 took into account recommendations made by the PACE, such as the abolition of additional voters’ lists and voter registration on polling day; lowering of the electoral threshold from 7% to 5%; the simplification and clarification of election-related complaints and appeals procedures; the introduction of party representation in the District Election Commissions. However, the PACE noted that a number of its other recommendations remained unaddressed.[7]
This period also saw a significant reshuffle among the major political players. On February 29, 2008, the moderate Republican Party of Georgia left the nine-party opposition coalition United National Council, which spearheaded anti-government protests in November 2007, announcing that they would run independently for the parliamentary election, targeting mainly moderate and undecided voters.[8] On the other hand, the New Rights party, which had distanced themselves from the 2007 demonstrations, now joined the nine-party coalition under an election bloc named United Opposition–New Rights.[9]
Another key event, which sent shockwaves across Georgia's political scene on April 21, 2008, was the refusal by Nino Burjanadze, the outgoing parliamentary chairwoman and Saakashvili's ally, to run on the president-led United National Movement (UNM) ticket, citing an absence of consensus within the UNM leadership regarding the party list.[10]
Contending parties
Three election blocs and nine parties contested this election:[11]
The Georgian Politics, a party recently set up by Gocha Pipia, a member of the outgoing parliament;
Our Country;
National Party of Radical-Democrats of Georgia;
Union of Georgian Sportsmen.
The Central Election Commission refused to register 37 political parties for the election, on account of various irregularities in their submissions.[12]
Opinion polls
On May 5, 2008, the United States-based company Greenberg Quinlan Rosner published the results of a United National Movement-commissioned survey, according to which the UNM had the support of 44 percent, compared to 12 percent for the United Opposition Council, 11 percent for the Christian Democratic Movement, 7 percent for the Labour Party, and 4 percent for the Republican Party; 16 percent were undecided.[13]
Conduct
On election day, there was a shooting incident in the village Khurcha, near Zugdidi, in the west of the country. Three people were hospitalized. Close-up footage of the shooting was captured by a TV crew from Rustavi 2. President Saakashvili claimed that the shooting had been an attempt to disrupt the election. An investigation was carried out by the Norwegian Helsinki Committee within hours, and concluded that the shooting had most likely been carried out by Georgian forces.[14]
On 22 May 2008, OSCE observers stated that the poll was an improvement from the presidential election held earlier that year, but that it was stilled marred by a number of imperfections.[15] Early results indicated that UNM had 63% and the United Opposition Council 13%, but the opposition's partial results from Tbilisi gave the UOC 40%, and the UNM - 32%. The Christian Democrats and the Labour Party also cleared the threshold.[16]
Results
Winning party by constituency vote in the 2008 Georgian parliamentary election: ██ = UNM (71) ██ = UO (NF–NR) (2) ██ = Republicans (2)
The United Opposition and the Labour Party announced they would boycott parliament, which held its inaugural session on June 7, 2008, while the Christian Democrats refused to join them.[17][18]
Notes
^Each territory refers to either a district of Tbilisi or a municipality, unless noted otherwise
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