List of years in paleontology (table)
In science
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
In paleobotany
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
In arthropod paleontology
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
In paleoentomology
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
In paleomalacology
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
In reptile paleontology
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
In archosaur paleontology
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
In mammal paleontology
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
In paleoichthyology
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2012 in paleontology.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2012.

Note: In 2012, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature was amended, with new regulations allowing the publication of new names and nomenclatural acts in zoology after 2011, in works "produced in an edition containing simultaneously obtainable copies by a method that assures (...) widely accessible electronic copies with fixed content and layout", provided that the work is registered in ZooBank before it is published, the work itself states the date of publication with evidence that registration has occurred, and the ZooBank registration states both the name of an electronic archive intended to preserve the work and the ISSN or ISBN associated with the work.[2][3] New scientific names appearing in electronic works are not required to be registered in ZooBank, only the works themselves are.[2] Works containing descriptions of some of the taxa listed below were not printed on paper in 2012; however, the taxa that were described in works which were registered in ZooBank in 2012 are listed as valid.

Plants

Main article: 2012 in paleobotany

Arthropods

Main article: 2012 in arthropod paleontology

The following is a summary of the arthropods described in 2012

Bryozoans

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Acupipora[4]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Gorjunova & Weiss

Late Carboniferous

 Russia

A member of Fenestellida. The type species is "Polypora" subborealis Schulga-Nesterenko (1951).

Admirandopora[5]

Nom. nov.

Valid

Ariunchimeg

Lower Carboniferous

 Mongolia

A replacement name for the genus Admiranda Ariunchimeg, 1996.

Antoniettella[6]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Di Martino & Taylor

Early or middle Miocene

 Indonesia

A cribrimorph ascophoran. The type species is Antoniettella exigua.

Argentinodictya[7]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Ernst & Carrera

Late Ordovician (Sandbian)

 Argentina

A cryptostome bryozoan, a member of Ptilodictyina. The type species is Argentinodictya lenticulata.

Bigeyina ibera[8]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Ernst

Devonian

 Spain

A member of Fenestrata.

Celleporina medoborensis[9]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hara & Jasionowski

Miocene (early Sarmatian)

 Ukraine

A celleporid cheilostome bryozoan, a species of Celleporina.

Chasmatopora rossae[7]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ernst & Carrera

Late Ordovician (Sandbian)

 Argentina

A phyloporinine, a species of Chasmatopora.

Dissotrypa punctata[8]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Ernst

Devonian

 Spain

A member of Fenestrata.

Dissotrypa robusta[8]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Ernst

Devonian

 Spain

A member of Fenestrata.

Eosemicoscinium serratum[8]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Ernst

Devonian

 Spain

A member of Fenestrata.

Hemitrypa cantabrica[8]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Ernst

Devonian

 Spain

A member of Fenestrata.

Iberofenestella[8]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Ernst

Devonian

 Spain

A member of Fenestrata. Genus includes new species I. wolfae.

Lunostoma[10]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Ernst, Taylor, Bohatý & Wyse Jackson

Middle Devonian

 Germany

A cryptostome bryozoan. The type species is Lunostoma pulchra.

Parvohallopora parvula[7]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ernst & Carrera

Late Ordovician (Sandbian)

 Argentina

A trepostome bryozoan, a species of Parvohallopora.

Paucipora akishinensis[4]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gorjunova & Weiss

Late Carboniferous (Moscovian)

Domodedovo Formation

 Russia

A member of Fenestellida.

Prolixicella ibera[8]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Ernst

Devonian

 Spain

A member of Fenestrata.

Prolixicella parva[8]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Ernst

Devonian

 Spain

A member of Fenestrata.

Ptilodictya intermedia[7]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ernst & Carrera

Late Ordovician (Sandbian)

 Argentina

A cryptostome bryozoan, a species of Ptilodictya.

Pyrisinella[11]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Di Martino & Taylor

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Peedee Formation
Prairie Bluff Chalk
Ripley Formation

 United States

A member of Cheilostomata belonging to the family Pyrisinellidae. The type species is "Setosinella" meniscacantha Taylor & McKinney (2006).

Rectifenestella elegantula[8]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Ernst

Devonian

 Spain

A member of Fenestrata.

Rectifenestella villayandrensis[8]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Ernst

Devonian

 Spain

A member of Fenestrata.

Rorypora[12]

Gen. et comb. nov.

Valid

Taylor

Jurassic

  Switzerland

A new genus for "Diastopora" retiformis.

Setosinella perfluxa[11]

Sp. nov

Valid

Di Martino & Taylor

Miocene (Langhian)

 Indonesia

A member of Cheilostomata belonging to the family Pyrisinellidae.

Spinisinella[11]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Di Martino & Taylor

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

 Czech Republic
 Germany[13]

A member of Cheilostomata belonging to the family Pyrisinellidae. The type species is S. zagorseki.

Trigonodictya parvula[7]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ernst & Carrera

Late Ordovician (Sandbian)

 Argentina

A cryptostome bryozoan, a species of Trigonodictya.

Brachiopods

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Amydroptychus markowitzi[14]

sp nov

Valid

Feldman et al.

Callovian

Mughanniyya Formation

 Jordan

A tetrarhynchiid rhynchonellide, a species of Amydroptychus.

Anisopleurella tricostata[15]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Late Ordovician

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Plectambonitoidea and the family Sowerbyellidae.

Bolilaspirifer riccardii[16]

Sp. nov

Valid

Manceñido in Damborenea & Manceñido

Late Triassic

 Argentina

A lepismatinid brachiopod, a species of Bolilaspirifer.

Burrirhynchia angustisinuata[17]

sp nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia.

Burrirhynchia latimarginata[17]

sp nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia.

Burrirhynchia oweni[17]

sp nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia.

Burrirhynchia subgrasiana[17]

sp nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia.

Callositella[15]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Late Ordovician

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Orthida belonging to the group Enteletoidea and the family Saukrodictyidae. The type species is C. cheeneetnukensis.

Christiania aseptata[15]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Late Ordovician

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Christianiidae.

Cincinnetina[18]

Gen, sp. et comb. nov

Valid

Jin

Late Ordovician

 United States

A dalmanellid brachiopod, with C. multisecta, C. meeki, C. minnesotensis

Craspedelia potterella[15]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Late Ordovician

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Plectambonitoidea and the family Bimuriidae.

Crurithyris tazawai[19]

sp nov

Valid

He et al..

Late Permian (Changhsingian)

 China

An ambocoeliid brachiopod, a species of Crurithyris.

Cyclothyris aliformis[17]

sp nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia.

Cyclothyris alikentica[17]

sp nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia.

Cyclothyris burgemakensis[17]

sp nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia.

Cyclothyris dagestanica[17]

sp nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia.

Cyclothyris tenuicostata[17]

sp nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia.

Cyclothyris zudakharica[17]

sp nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia.

Daghanirhynchia susanae[14]

Species

Valid

Feldman et al.

Callovian

Mughanniyya Formation

 Jordan

A tetrarhynchiid rhynchonellide, a species of Daghanirhynchia.

Duolobella[15]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Late Ordovician

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Orthida belonging to the group Orthoidea and the family Orthidae. The type species is D. sandiae.

Eodmitria anauris[20]

sp nov

Valid

Oleneva

Late Devonian (middle Frasnian)

 Russia

A cyrtospiriferid spiriferid, a species of Eodmitria.

Gatosella[21]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Benedetto

Middle Ordovician (early Darriwilian)

San Juan Formation

 Argentina

A plectambonitoid brachiopod. The type species is Gatosella muricata.

Gelidorthis perisiberiaensis[15]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Late Ordovician

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Orthida belonging to the group Plectorthoidea and the family Plectorthidae.

Gracianella (Sublepida) paulula[22]

sp nov

Valid

Baliński

Early Devonian

Khudykivtsi Beds

 Ukraine

An atrypinid brachiopod, a species of Gracianella.

Kentronetes giae[23]

Sp. nov

Valid

Racheboeuf in Racheboeuf et al.

Devonian (Lochkovian)

Uncía Formation

 Bolivia

A chonetoid brachiopod belonging to the family Strophochonetidae.

Kuangshanotreta[24]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Wang et al.

Early Cambrian

Heilinpu Formation

 China

An acrotretoid, a member of Lingulata. The type species is Kuangshanotreta malungensis.

Kudrjavzevina[17]

Gen. et 3 sp. nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide. Genus contains 3 species: K. ulluchaensis, K. regularis and K. fragilis.

Lamellaerhynchia latiovalis[17]

Sp. nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A praecyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Lamellaerhynchia.

Leptaena (Septomena) alaskensis[15]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Late Ordovician

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Rafinesquinidae.

Lobachevina[17]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide. Genus contains 2 new species: L. angusteinis and L. vagus.

Lynnica[25]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Madison

Ordovician

 Russia

A member of Strophomenida. The type species is Lynnica fragilis.

Orthothrix sudoi[26]

Sp. nov

Valid

Tazawa

Permian (Changhsingian)

Toyoma Formation

 Japan

A member of Productida belonging to the suborder Strophalosiidina and the family Strophalosiidae.

Oanduporella kuskokwimensis[15]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Late Ordovician

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Orthida belonging to the group Enteletoidea and the family Draboviidae.

Palaeowingella[15]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Late Ordovician

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Orthida belonging to the group Orthoidea and the family Orthidae. The type species is P. farewellensis.

Plectodonta mariae pantherae[22]

Subsp nov

Valid

Baliński

Early Devonian

Khudykivtsi Beds

 Ukraine

A sowerbyellid brachiopod, a subspecies of Plectodonta mariae.

Ptychoglyptus alaensis[15]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Late Ordovician

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Plectambonitoidea and the family Sowerbyellidae.

Rotutaspirifer[20]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Oleneva

Late Devonian (middle Frasnian)

 Russia

A cyrtospiriferid spiriferid. The type species is Rotutaspirifer rotutus.

Sanjuanetes glemareci[23]

Sp. nov

Valid

Racheboeuf in Racheboeuf et al.

Silurian (Přídolí)

Muruhuta Shale Member

 Bolivia

A chonetoid brachiopod belonging to the family Strophochonetidae.

Sharovaella[27]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Pakhnevich

Late Devonian (Famennian)

 Russia

A punctate rhynchonellide brachiopod. The type species is Sharovaella mirabilis.

Skenidioides tatyanae[22]

sp nov

Valid

Baliński

Early Devonian

Khudykivtsi Beds

 Ukraine

A skenidiid brachiopod, a species of Skenidioides.

Sowerbyella (Rugosowerbyella) praecursor[15]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Late Ordovician

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Plectambonitoidea and the family Sowerbyellidae.

Sowerbyella (Sowerbyella) rectangularis[15]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Late Ordovician

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Plectambonitoidea and the family Sowerbyellidae.

Strophatrypa[28]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Boucot, Blodgett & Rohr

Late Silurian

 United States

A member of Atrypida belonging to the family Atrypidae. The type species is S. skaflestadi.

Sulcirhynchia insolitus[17]

Sp. nov

Valid

Smirnova

Early Cretaceous

 Russia

A praecyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Sulcirhynchia.

Terrakea nabekoshiyamensis[26]

Sp. nov

Valid

Tazawa

Permian (Changhsingian)

Toyoma Formation

 Japan

A member of Productida belonging to the suborder Productidina and the family Linoproductidae.

Transridgeia[15]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett

Ordovician (late Darriwilian–early Sandbian)

Farewell Terrane

 United States

A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Strophomenidae. The type species is T. costata.

Molluscs

Main article: 2012 in molluscan paleontology

The following is a summary of the Molluscs described in 2012

Echinoderms

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Anatifopsis fillmorensis[29]

Sp. nov

Valid

Sumrall et al.

Early Ordovician

 United States

A mitrate, a species of Anatifopsis.

Anatifopsis ninemilensis[29]

Sp. nov

Valid

Sumrall et al.

Early Ordovician

McKelligon Canyon Formation
Ninemile Shale

 United States

A mitrate, a species of Anatifopsis.

Andymetra[30]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Hess

Early Bathonian

 France

A comatulid crinoid. The type species is Andymetra galei.

Aorocrinus meyeri[31]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ausich & Roeser

Late Kinderhookian

Cuyahoga Formation

 United States

A camerate crinoid, a species of Aorocrinus.

Aphelecrinus gracilis[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kammer & Roeser

Kinderhookian

Cuyahoga Formation

 United States

A cladid crinoid, a species of Aphelecrinus.

Apiocrinites negevensis[33]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ausich & Wilson

Middle Jurassic (Callovian)

Matmor Formation

 Israel

An apiocrinitid crinoid, a species of Apiocrinites.

Aryballocrinus martini[31]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ausich & Roeser

Late Kinderhookian

Cuyahoga Formation

 United States

A camerate crinoid, a species of Aryballocrinus.

Atelestocrinus meszarosi[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kammer & Roeser

Kinderhookian

Cuyahoga Formation

 United States

A cladid crinoid, a species of Atelestocrinus.

Brissopsis (Kleinia) riccardii[34]

Sp. nov

Valid

Parma

Eocene to Oligocene or early Miocene

 Argentina

A brissopsid echinoid, a species of Brissopsis.

Calceocrinus balticensis[35]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ausich, Wilson & Vinn

Silurian (Llandovery)

 Estonia

A disparid crinoid belonging to the group Calceocrinida.

Ctenoimbricata[36]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Zamora, Rahman & Smith

Cambrian

 Spain

A stem group echinoderm. The type species is Ctenoimbricata spinosa.

Cuyahogacrinus[32]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kammer & Roeser

Kinderhookian

Cuyahoga Formation

 United States

A cladid crinoid. The type species is Cuyahogacrinus lodiensis.

Cyathocrinites simplex[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kammer & Roeser

Kinderhookian

Cuyahoga Formation

 United States

A cladid crinoid, a species of Cyathocrinites.

Cyrtocrinus praenutans[30]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hess

Early Bathonian

 France

A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Cyrtocrinus.

Desmidocrinus laevigatus[35]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ausich, Wilson & Vinn

Silurian (Pridoli)

Kaugatuma Formation

 Estonia

A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida.

Diploblastus fadigai[37]

Sp. nov

Valid

Atwood & Sumrall

Carboniferous (Mississippian)

Glen Dean Formation

 United States

A blastoid, a species of Diploblastus.

Drepanocystis[29]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Sumrall et al.

Early Ordovician

Wah Wah Limestone

 USA

A possible solute. The type species is Drepanocystis dubius.

Eucalyptocrinites tumidus[35]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ausich, Wilson & Vinn

Silurian (Pridoli)

Kaugatuma Formation

 Estonia

A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida.

Faorina maullui[38]

Sp. nov

Valid

Stara & Borghi

Early Miocene

 Italy

A pericosmid sea urchin, a species of Faorina.

Goniocrinus sceletus[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kammer & Roeser

Kinderhookian

Cuyahoga Formation

 United States

A cladid crinoid, a species of Goniocrinus.

Heckerocrinus[39]

Nom nov.

Valid

Doweld

Ordovician

A replacement name for the crinoid genus Bockia Hecker 1940.

Leadagmara[40]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid[41]

Thuy et al.

Late Triassic (early Carnian)

 Japan

An ophiacanthid brittle star. The type species is Leadagmara gracilispina.

Lebetocrinus ohioensis[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kammer & Roeser

Kinderhookian

Cuyahoga Formation

 United States

A cladid crinoid, a species of Lebetocrinus.

Neotaxocrinus[42]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Mirantsev

Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)

 Russia

A taxocrinid crinoid. The type species is Neotaxocrinus arendti.

Palaeocomaster messingi[30]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hess

Early Bathonian

 France

A comatulid crinoid, a species of Palaeocomaster.

Paradiabolocrinus teres[43]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hearn & Deline

Late Ordovician

Lexington Limestone

 United States

A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Diplobathra and the family Rhodocrinitidae.

Pentacrinites ausichi[30]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hess

Late Bajocian or early Bathonian

 France

A species of Pentacrinites.

Pentremites fredericki[37]

Sp. nov

Valid

Atwood & Sumrall

Carboniferous (Mississippian)

Glen Dean Formation

 United States

A blastoid, a species of Pentremites.

Pentremites meganae[37]

Sp. nov

Valid

Atwood & Sumrall

Carboniferous (Mississippian)

Glen Dean Formation

 United States

A blastoid, a species of Pentremites.

Phyllocrinus voultensis[30]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hess

Early Bathonian

 France

A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Phyllocrinus.

Phymosoma ravni[44]

Sp nov.

Valid

Schlüter et al.

Late Cretaceous

Western Europe and Middle East

A phymosomatoid sea urchin, a species of Phymosoma.

Platycrinites burkei[31]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ausich & Roeser

Late Kinderhookian

Cuyahoga Formation

 United States

A camerate crinoid, a species of Platycrinites sensu lato.

Praetetracrinus bathonicus[30]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hess

Early Bathonian

 France

A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Praetetracrinus.

Pygolampas[45]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville

Early Cretaceous (Early Hauterivian)

 France

A sea urchin. The type species is Pygolampas edita.

Saaremaacrinus[35]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Ausich, Wilson & Vinn

Silurian (Pridoli)

Kaugatuma Formation

 Estonia

A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida. The type species is S. estoniensis.

Salvaster[45]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville

Early Cretaceous (Early Hauterivian)

 France

A sea urchin. The type species is Salvaster roberti.

Scutellacrinus[30]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Hess

Late Bajocian or early Bathonian

 France

A cyrtocrinid crinoid. The type species is Scutellacrinus tenuis.

Segmentocolumnus (col.) hanshessi[46]

Sp. nov

Valid

Donovan et al.

Middle Ordovician (latest Darriwilian)

 China

Probably a stem-group cladid crinoid, possibly a dendrocrinid; a species of Segmentocolumnus.

Singillatimetra[30]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Hess

Early Bathonian

 France

A comatulid crinoid. The type species is Singillatimetra inordinata.

Solanocrinites voultensis[30]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hess

Early Bathonian

 France

A comatulid crinoid, a species of Solanocrinites.

Thylechinus (Thylechinus) sinaiensis[47]

Sp. nov

Valid

Abdelhamid & Azab

Turonian

 Egypt

A phymosomatid echinoid, a species of Thylechinus.

Toxaster dakhlensis[47]

Sp. nov

Valid

Abdelhamid & Azab

Turonian

 Egypt

A toxasterid echinoid, a species of Thylechinus.

Tripatagus[48]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Zachos

Oligocene (Rupelian)

Marianna Limestone

 United States

A heart urchin belonging to the group Micrasterina. The type species is T. pittsi.

Yanjiahella[49]

Gen. et 3 sp. nov

Valid

Guo et al.

Early Cambrian

Yanjiahe Formation

 China

An animal of uncertain phylogenetic position, a possible relative of echinoderms. Genus contains Yanjiahella ancarpa (the type species), Y. monocarpa and Y. biscarpa.

Ascidians

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Burykhia[50]

Gen. et sp.

Valid

Fedonkin et al.

Vendian

Verkhovka Formation or Ust-Pinega Formation

 Russia

An ausiid, a possible ascidian, Its type species is Burykhia hunti.

Conodonts

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Carnepigondolella angulata[51]

Sp nov

Valid

Mazza, Cau & Rigo

Late Triassic

 Canada[52]  Italy

Originally described as a species of Carnepigondolella; Orchard (2014) transferred this species to the genus Quadralella.[52]

Carnepigondolella gulloae[53]

Sp nov

Valid

Mazza, Rigo & Gullo

Late Triassic

Scillato Formation

 Italy

A species of Carnepigondolella.

Carnepigondolella tuvalica[53]

Sp nov

Valid

Mazza, Rigo & Gullo

Late Triassic

Scillato Formation

 Italy

A species of Carnepigondolella.

Caudicriodus schoenlaubi[54]

Sp nov

Valid

Drygant & Szaniawski

Early Devonian (middle to late Lochkovian)

Chortkiv Formation

 Ukraine

An icriodontid, a species of Caudicriodus.

Epigondolella heinzi[51]

Sp nov

Valid

Mazza, Cau & Rigo

Late Triassic

 Italy

A species of Epigondolella.

Epigondolella miettoi[51]

Sp nov

Valid

Mazza, Cau & Rigo

Late Triassic

 Italy

A species of Epigondolella.

Idiognathodus espinamaenis[55]

Sp. nov

Valid

Méndez

Carboniferous (Moscovian)

 Spain

Idiognathodus mendezi[55]

Sp. nov

Valid

Méndez

Carboniferous (Moscovian)

 Spain

Meiognathus[56]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Shen et al.

Permian (Kungurian)

 Japan

A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Sweetognathidae. The type species is Meiognathus pustulus.

Muellerina[57]

Gen. et sp. nov

Junior homonym

Bardashev & Bardasheva

Middle Devonian (Givetian)

 Tajikistan

The type species is Muellerina idrisovi. The generic name turned out to be preoccupied by Muellerina Bassiouni (1965); Bardashev & Bardasheva (2013) subsequently renamed the conodont genus Muellerilepis.[58]

Nealeodus[59]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Stouge

Middle Ordovician

 Canada

A new genus for "Lenodus" martinpointensis (Johnston and Barnes, 2000).

Norigondolella trinacriae[51]

Sp nov

Valid

Mazza, Cau & Rigo

Late Triassic

 Italy

Originally described as a species of Norigondolella; Karádi, Kozur & Görögt (2013) considered it more likely to be a species of Paragondolella.[60]

Pandorinellina? parva[54]

Sp nov

Valid

Drygant & Szaniawski

Early Devonian (late Lochkovian or Pragian)

Ivanye Formation

 Ukraine

A spathognathodontid, possibly a species of Pandorinellina.

Periodon hankensis[59]

Sp nov

Valid

Stouge

Middle Ordovician

 Canada

A species of Periodon.

Polygnathus chongqingensis[61]

Sp. nov

Valid

Wang in Gong et al.

Devonian

 China

Pseudopolygnathus inordinatus[62]

Nom. nov

Valid

Tragelehn & Hartenfels

Devonian (Famennian)

 Germany

A replacement name for Pseudopolygnathus irregularis Tragelehn & Hartenfels (2011) (preoccupied by Pseudopolygnathus irregularis Branson, 1934).

Spinodus wardi[59]

Sp nov

Valid

Stouge

Middle Ordovician

 Canada

A species of Spinodus.

Fishes

Main article: 2012 in fish paleontology

During 2012, 81 new species of fish were described.

Amphibians

Research

New taxa

Newly named basal tetrapods

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Ymeria[66]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Clack, Ahlberg, Blom & Finney

Famennian

Celsius Bjerg Group

 Greenland

A stem tetrapod closely related to Ichthyostega.

Newly named temnospondyls

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Arachana[67]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Piñeiro, Ramos & Marsicano

? Late Permian

Buena Vista Formation

 Uruguay

A rhinesuchid-like stereospondyl.

Benthosuchus gusevae[68]

Sp. nov

Valid

Novikov

Early Triassic

Kamennyi Yar Formation

 Russia

A trematosauroid.

Cacops woehri[69]

Sp. nov

Valid

Fröbisch & Reisz

Leonardian

 USA

A dissorophid.

Microposaurus averyi[70]

Sp nov

Valid

Warren

Anisian

Rouse Hill Siltstone

 Australia

A trematosaurine stereospondyl, a species of Microposaurus.

Microposaurus averyi.

Nyranerpeton[71]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Werneburg

Late Carboniferous

 Czech Republic

A micromelerpetontid.[72] The type species is Nyranerpeton amilneri.[71]

Platyrhinops fritschi[71]

Sp. nov

Valid

Werneburg

Late Carboniferous

 Czech Republic

An amphibamiform. Originally described as a species of Platyrhinops, but subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Anthracobamus.[73]

Qantas[74]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Novikov

Early Triassic

Kamennyi Yar Formation

 Russia

A trematosauroid temnospondyl. The type species is Qantas samarensis.

Sclerocephalus stambergi[75]

Sp nov

Valid

Klembara & Steyer

Early Permian

Boskovice Basin

 Czech Republic

A stereospondylomorph, a species of Sclerocephalus.

Trematosuchoides[74]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Novikov

Triassic

Cynognathus Assemblage Zone

 South Africa

A trematosaurid temnospondyl. The type species is Trematosuchoides africanus.

Newly named lepospondyls

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Altenglanerpeton[76]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Glienke

Gzhelian or Asselian

Altenglan Formation

 Germany

A microsaur with an elongated body.

Newly named lissamphibians

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Albionbatrachus oligocenicus[77]

Sp. nov

Valid[78]

Venczel, Codrea & Fărcaş

Early Oligocene

 Romania

A palaeobatrachid frog, a species of Albionbatrachus.

Bakonybatrachus[79]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Szentesi & Venczel

Santonian

Csehbánya Formation

 Hungary

A discoglossine discoglossid.

Beiyanerpeton[80]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Gao & Shubin

Oxfordian

Tiaojishan Formation

 China

A salamandroid. The type species is Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis.

Calyptocephalella satan[81]

Sp. nov

Valid

Agnolin

Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian)

Allen Formation

 Argentina

A member of Calyptocephalellidae, a relative of the helmeted water toad.

Gigantobatrachus casamiquelai[81]

Sp. nov

Valid

Agnolin

Paleocene

 Argentina

A member of Calyptocephalellidae, a species of Gigantobatrachus.

Piceoerpeton naylori[82]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Gardner

Latest Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian), possibly also early Paleocene

 United States

A scapherpetontid salamander, a species of Piceoerpeton.

Rana auscitana[83]

Nom. nov

Valid

Martín, Alonso-Zarazaga & Sanchiz

Middle Miocene

 France

A replacement name for Rana pygmaea Lartet (1851).

Rana cadurcorum[83]

Nom. nov

Junior synonym

Martín, Alonso-Zarazaga & Sanchiz

Eocene

Quercy Phosphorites

 France

A replacement name for Rana plicata Filhol (1877). Reinterpreted as a junior synonym of Thaumastosaurus gezei by Laloy et al. (2013).[84]

Rana sendoa[83]

Nom. nov

Valid

Martín, Alonso-Zarazaga & Sanchiz

Late Pleistocene

 Germany

A replacement name for Rana robusta Brunner (1956).

Seminobatrachus[85]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Skutschas & Gubin

late Paleocene - early Eocene

 Ukraine

A urodelan salamander

Uberabatrachus[86]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Báez et al.

Maastrichtian

Marília Formation

 Brazil

A neobatrachian, a possible member of Nobleobatrachia. The type species is Uberabatrachus carvalhoi.

Parareptiles

Newly named parareptiles

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Feeserpeton[87]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Macdougall & Reisz

Early Permian

 United States

A lanthanosuchoid. The type species is Feeserpeton oklahomensis.

Lasasaurus[88]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Falconnet et al.

Lower Triassic

Middle Sakamena Formation

 Madagascar

A procolophonid. The type species is Lasasaurus beltanae.

Ichthyopterygians

Newly named ichthyosaurs

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Acamptonectes[89]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Fischer et al..

Hauterivian–Cenomanian

Cambridge Greensand Formation

 United Kingdom

An ophthalmosaurid. Type species is Acamptonectes densus.

Skull roof of Acamptonectes densus.

Cryopterygius[90]

Gen. et sp. nov

Disputed

Druckenmiller et al.

Late Jurassic

Agardhfjellet Formation

 Norway

An ophthalmosaurid. The type species is Cryopterygius kristiansenae. Zverkov & Efimov (2019) considered this species to be synonymous with Undorosaurus gorodischensis,[91] while Delsett et al. (2019) considered it to be a distinct species, albeit possibly belonging to the genus Undorosaurus.[92]

Palvennia[90]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Druckenmiller et al.

Late Jurassic

Agardhfjellet Formation

 Norway

An ophthalmosaurid. The type species is Palvennia hoybergeti. Zverkov & Prilepskaya (2019) considered Palvennia to be a junior synonym of the genus Arthropterygius, though the authors maintained P. hoybergeti as a distinct species within the latter genus;[93] Delsett et al. (2019) rejected this synonymy.[92]

Stenopterygius aaleniensis[94]

Sp. nov

Valid

Maxwell, Fernández & Schoch

Aalenian

 Germany

A species of Stenopterygius.

The holotype of Stenopterygius aaleniensis.

Temnodontosaurus azerguensis[95]

Sp. nov

Valid

Martin et al.

Middle Toarcian

 France

A species of Temnodontosaurus.

Lepidosauromorphs

Newly named saurosphargids

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Largocephalosaurus[96]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Cheng, Chen, Zeng & Cai

Middle Triassic

Guanling Formation

 China

Initially thought to be an eosauropterygian sauropterygian and a relative of Wumengosaurus, pachypleurosaurs and nothosauroids,[96] but subsequently reinterpreted as member of Saurosphargidae (a non-sauropterygian diapsid, though related to sauropterygians), closely related to Saurosphargis and Sinosaurosphargis.[97] The type species is Largocephalosaurus polycarpon.

Newly named sauropterygians

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Albertonectes[98]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kubo, Mitchell & Henderson

Upper Campanian

Bearpaw Formation

 Canada

An elasmosaurid. The type species is Albertonectes vanderveldei.

Albertonectes vanderveldei.

Anningasaura[99]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Vincent & Benson

Early Jurassic

 United Kingdom

A basal member of Plesiosauria. The type species is Anningasaura lymense.

Avalonnectes[100]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Benson, Evans & Druckenmiller

Early Jurassic, most likely earliest Hettangian.

Blue Lias Formation

 United Kingdom

A rhomaleosaurid. The type species is Avalonnectes arturi.

Avalonnectes.

Djupedalia[101]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Knutsen, Druckenmiller & Hurum

Late Jurassic

Agardhfjellet Formation

 Norway

A long-necked plesiosaurian. The type species is Djupedalia engeri.

Dolichorhynchops tropicensis[102]

Sp. nov.

Valid

McKean

Early Turonian

Tropic Shale

 United States

Originally described as a third species of Dolichorhynchops, Clark, O’Keefe & Slack (2023) later moved it to the distinct genus Scalamagnus.[103]

Eoplesiosaurus[100]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Benson, Evans & Druckenmiller

Early Jurassic, most likely earliest Hettangian.

 United Kingdom

A basal plesiosauroid. The type species is Eoplesiosaurus antiquior.

Eoplesiosaurus.

Hastanectes[104]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid[105]

Benson et al.

Early Cretaceous

 United Kingdom

A new genus for "Cimoliasaurus" valdensis

Lusonectes[106]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Smith, Araújo & Mateus

Toarcian

São Gião Formation

 Portugal

A plesiosaurid plesiosaur.

Pliosaurus funkei[107]

Sp. nov

Valid

Knutsen, Druckenmiller & Hurum

Late Jurassic

Agardhfjellet Formation

 Norway

A species of Pliosaurus.

Qianxisaurus[108]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Cheng et al.

Middle Triassic (Ladinian)

Falang Formation

 China

An eosauropterygian, a relative of pachypleurosaurs and nothosauroids. The type species is Qianxisaurus chajiangensis.

Spitrasaurus[109]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov.

Valid

Knutsen, Druckenmiller & Hurum

Late Jurassic

Agardhfjellet Formation

 Norway

A long-necked plesiosaurian. Genus contains two species: Spitrasaurus wensaasi and S. larseni.

Stratesaurus[100]

Gen. et sp.

Valid

Benson, Evans & Druckenmiller

Early Jurassic, most likely earliest Hettangian.

Blue Lias Formation

 United Kingdom

A rhomaleosaurid. The type species is Stratesaurus taylori

Stratesaurus.

Vectocleidus[104]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid[105]

Benson et al.

Early Cretaceous (late Barremian)

Vectis Formation

 United Kingdom

A leptocleidid. The type species is Vectocleidus pastorum.

Newly named rhynchocephalians

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Oenosaurus[110]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Rauhut et al.

Late Jurassic (early Tithonian)

Mörnsheim Formation

 Germany

A sphenodontid rhynchocephalian. The type species is Oenosaurus muehlheimensis.

Sphenocondor[111]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Apesteguía, Gómez & Rougier

Middle Jurassic

 Argentina

A rhynchocephalian lepidosaur. The type species is Sphenocondor gracilis.

Squamates

Research

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Chianghsia[114]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Mo, Xu & Evans

Late Cretaceous

Nanxiong Formation

 China

A platynotan lizard, probably a monstersaurian. The type species is Chianghsia nankangensis.

Dornosaurus[115]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Alifanov

Eocene

 Mongolia

An arretosaurid iguanian. The type species is Dornosaurus gobiensis.

Eremiasaurus[116]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Leblanc, Caldwell & Bardet

Maastrichtian

 Morocco

A mosasaur.

Ergiliinsaurus[115]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Alifanov

Oligocene

Ergiliin Zoo Formation

 Mongolia

An arretosaurid iguanian. The type species is Ergiliinsaurus postumus.

Jucaraseps[117]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Bolet & Evans

Early Cretaceous

 Spain

A lizard related to scleroglossan lizards. The type species is Jucaraseps grandipes.

Khaichinguana[115]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Alifanov

Eocene

Khaychin Formation

 Mongolia

An arretosaurid iguanian. The type species is Khaichinguana eocaenica.

Louisamphisbaena[118]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Augé

Eocene (Bartonian)

 France

An amphisbaenian lizard, possibly a member of Blanidae. The type species is Louisamphisbaena ferox.

Pannoniasaurus[119]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Makádi, Caldwell & Ősi

Late Cretaceous (Santonian)

Ajka Coal Formation
Csehbánya Formation

 Hungary

A tethysaurine mosasauroid closely related to Tethysaurus, Russellosaurus and Yaguarasaurus. The type species is Pannoniasaurus inexpectatus.

?Placosaurus ragei[120]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Sullivan et al.

Earliest Eocene

 Belgium

A glyptosaurine anguid lizard, possibly a species of Placosaurus.

Pseudomimeosaurus[121]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Alifanov

Late Cretaceous

Djadochta Formation

 Mongolia

A pleurodontagamid iguanian lizard; a new genus for "Mimeosaurus" tugrikinensis Alifanov (1989).

Pseudopus ahnikoviensis[122]

Sp. nov

Valid

Klembara

Early Miocene

 Czech Republic

An anguid, a species of Pseudopus.

Purbicella[123]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Evans, Jones & Matsumoto

Early Cretaceous

Purbeck Limestone Group

 United Kingdom

A member of Lacertoidea. The type species isPurbicella ragei.

Ragesaurus[124]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Bailon & Auge

Early Pleistocene

 Spain

An anguid lizard. The type species is Ragesaurus medasensis.

Sphaerodactylus ciguapa[125]

Sp. nov

Valid

Daza & Bauer

Late Early Miocene or early Middle Miocene (20 to 15 MYA)

 Dominican Republic

A sphaerodactylid gecko found in Dominican amber, a species of Sphaerodactylus.

Telmasaurus bialynickae[121]

Sp. nov

Valid

Alifanov

Late Cretaceous

Barun Goyot Formation

 Mongolia

A varanoid lizard, a species of Telmasaurus.

Uquiasaurus[126]

Gen. et sp. nov

Disputed

Daza et al.

Late Pliocene

Uquía Formation

 Argentina

An iguanian lizard. The type species is Uquiasaurus heptanodonta. Scanferla & Díaz-Fernández (2023) reinterpreted the type series of this species as a fossil bone assemblage composed by more than one species of Liolaemus.[127]

Varanus (Varaneades) amnhophilis[128]

Subgen. et sp. nov

Disputed

Conrad, Balcarcel & Mehling

Miocene (Turolian)

Mytilini Formation

 Greece

A monitor lizard. Villa et al. (2018) considered this species to be likely junior synonym of Varanus marathonensis.[129]

Turtles

Research

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Allopleuron qazaqstanense[131]

Sp. nov

Valid

Karl, Gröning & Brauckmann

Eocene (Lutetian)

 Kazakhstan

A member of Cheloniidae, a species of Allopleuron.

Axestemys cerevisia[132]

sp nov

Valid

Vitek

Eocene

Bridger Formation

 United States

A trionychid, a species of Axestemys.

Axestemys montinsana[132]

sp nov

Valid

Vitek

Paleocene

Denver Formation
Fort Union Formation
Melville Formation

 United States

A trionychid, a species of Axestemys.

Ballerstedtia[133]

Gen. et comb. et sp. nov

Valid

Karl et al.

Early Cretaceous

 Germany
 United Kingdom

A member of Paracryptodira, a new genus for "Pleurosternon" typocardium Seeley (1869). Genus also contains a new species Ballerstedtia bueckebergensis.

Bashuchelys[134]

Gen. et comb. et sp. nov

Valid

Tong, Danilov, Ye, Ouyang & Peng

Middle Jurassic

Xiashaximiao Formation

 China

A bashuchelyid cryptodiran, a new genus for "Chengyuchelys" zigongensis (Ye, 1982). Genus also contains a new species Bashuchelys youngi.

Berruchelus[135]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Pérez-García

Upper Paleocene

 France

A paracryptodiran closely related to Compsemys. The type species is Berruchelus russelli.

Carbonemys[136]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Cadena et al.

Late Palaeocene

Cerrejón Formation

 Colombia

A podocnemidid turtle. The type species is Carbonemys cofrinii.

Chuannanchelys[134]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Tong, Danilov, Ye, Ouyang & Peng

Middle Jurassic

Xiashaximiao Formation

 China

A bashuchelyid cryptodiran, a new genus for "Chengyuchelys" dashanpuensis (Fang, 1987).

Foxemys trabanti[137]

sp nov

Valid

Rabi, Tong & Botfalvai

Santonian

Csehbánya Formation

 Hungary

A bothremydid, a species of Foxemys.

Galvechelone[138]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Pérez-García & Murelaga

Early Cretaceous

 Spain

A cryptodiran turtle. The type species is Galvechelone lopezmartinezae.

Guangdongemys[139]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Claude et al.

Late Eocene

 China

A geoemydid turtle. The type species is Guangdongemys pingi.

Hoyasemys[140]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Pérez-García, Fuente & Ortega

Late Barremian

Calizas de La Huérguina Formation

 Spain

A basal eucryptodiran.

Iberoccitanemys[141]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Pérez-García, Ortega & Murelaga

Late Campanian to Maastrichtian

 France
 Spain

A bothremydid, a new genus for "Elochelys" convenarum (Laurent et al. 2002). Pérez-García, Ortega & Murelaga (2021) considered I. convenarum to be a junior synonym of "Polysternon" atlanticum, resulting in a new combination Iberoccitanemys atlanticum.[142]

Kinosternon pojoaque[143]

Species

Valid

Bourque

Middle Miocene

 United States

A species of Kinosternon.

Kinosternon skullridgescens[144]

Species

Valid

Bourque

Early middle Miocene

Tesuque Formation

 United States

A species of Kinosternon.

Larachelus[145]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Pérez-García & Murelaga

Early Cretaceous (late Hauterivian–early Barremian)

Pinilla de los Moros Formation

 Spain

A basal member of Pan-Cryptodira (the clade containing living cryptodirans and all extinct turtles that were more closely related to them than to pleurodirans). The type species is Larachelus morla.

Oertelia[146]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Karl, Biermann & Tichy

Early Cretaceous (early Aptian)

 Germany

A toxochelyid sea turtle, a new genus for "Toxochelys" gigantea Oertel (1914).

Peligrochelys[147]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid[148]

Sterli & de la Fuente

Palaeocene

Salamanca Formation

 Argentina

A relative of meiolaniids. The type species is Peligrochelys walshae.

Polysternon isonae[149]

Species

Valid

Marmi et al..

Late Maastrichtian

 Spain

A bothremydid, a species of Polysternon.

Protoxinjiangchelys[134]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Tong, Danilov, Ye, Ouyang & Peng

Middle Jurassic

Xiashaximiao Formation

 China

A xinjiangchelyid cryptodiran.

Puentemys[150]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Cadena, Bloch & Jaramillo

Paleocene

Cerrejón Formation

 Colombia

A bothremydid turtle. The type species is Puentemys mushaisaensis.

Rhinoclemmys panamaensis[151]

Sp nov

Valid

Cadena et al.

Miocene

Cucaracha Formation

 Panama

A geoemydid turtle, a species of Rhinoclemmys.

Staurotypus moschus[151]

Sp nov

Valid

Cadena et al.

Miocene

Cucaracha Formation

 Panama

A kinosternid turtle, a species of Staurotypus.

Tasbacka danica[152]

Sp. nov

Valid

Karl & Madsen

Early Eocene

Fur Formation

 Denmark

A member of Cheloniidae, a species of Tasbacka.

Terrapene parornata[153]

Sp nov

Valid

Joyce et al..

Miocene/Pliocene boundary

 United States

A box turtle.

Yuchelys[154]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Tong et al.

Late Cretaceous

Gaogou Formation

 China

A nanhsiungchelyid cryptodiran. The type species is Yuchelys nanyangensis.

Archosauromorphs

Newly named basal archosauromorphs

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Chanaresuchus ischigualastensis[155]

sp nov

Valid

Trotteyn, Martínez & Alcober

Late Triassic

Ischigualasto Formation

 Argentina

A proterochampsian archosauriform. Originally described as a species of Chanaresuchus;[155] subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Pseudochampsa by Trotteyn & Ezcurra (2014).[156]

Diandongosuchus[157]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Li et al.

Middle Triassic (Ladinian)

Falang Formation

 China

A member of Archosauriformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally classified as a poposauroid pseudosuchian,[157] but subsequently argued to be a phytosaur.[158][159] The type species is Diandongosuchus fuyuanensis.

Diandongosuchus fuyuanensis.

Doswellia sixmilensis[160]

sp nov

Valid

Heckert, Lucas & Spielmann

Late Triassic

Bluewater Creek Formation

 United States

A doswelliid archosauromorph. Originally described as a species of Doswellia; Wynd et al. (2020) transferred it to the separate genus Rugarhynchos.[161]

Protome[162]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Stocker

Late Triassic

Chinle Formation

 USA

A phytosaur. The type species is Protome batalaria.

Archosaurs

Main article: 2012 in archosaur paleontology

The following is a summary of the archosaurs described in 2012

Synapsids

Non-mammalian synapsids

Research

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Fortunodon[164]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Kurkin

Upper Permian

 Russia

A dicynodont, a new genus for "Dicynodon" trautscholdi (Amalitzky, 1922) (considered to be a senior synonym of Vivaxosaurus permirus and assigned to the genus Vivaxosaurus by Kammerer et al., 2011).[165] "Dicynodon" amalitzkii (Sushkin, 1926) is considered by Kurkin (2012) to be a second species of Fortunodon[164] (Kammerer et al., 2011 classify it as the type species of the genus Peramodon.[165])

Novocynodon[166]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Ivakhnenko

Middle Permian

 Russia

A thrinaxodontid cynodont. The type species is Novocynodon kutorgai.

Pampaphoneus[167]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Cisneros, Abdala, et al.

Guadalupian (Middle Permian)

Rio do Rasto Formation

 Brazil

An anteosaurid dinocephalian.

Panchetocynodon[168]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Das & Gupta

Early Triassic

Panchet Formation

 India

A cynodont. The type species is Panchetocynodon damodarensis.

Purbeckodon[169]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Butler, Sigogneau-Russell, & Ensom

Early Cretaceous

Purbeck Limestone Group

 United Kingdom

A possible morganucodontan.

Sludica[166]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Ivakhnenko

Upper Permian

 Russia

A procynosuchid cynodont. The type species is Sludica bulanovi.

Mammals

Main article: 2012 in mammal paleontology

The following is a summary of the mammals described in 2012

Other animals

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Aggerscolex[170]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Botting et al.

Ordovician

 United Kingdom

A palaeoscolecid. The type species is A. murchisoni.

Belebey augustodunensis[171]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Falconnet

Latest Carboniferous (Gzhelian) or earliest Permian (Asselian)

 France

An amniote of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally classified as a bolosaurid and a species of Belebey; Spindler, Voigt & Fischer (2019) considered it to be a possible edaphosaurid synapsid instead.[172]

Bullascolex[170]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Botting et al.

Ordovician

 United Kingdom

A palaeoscolecid. The type species is B. inserere.

Carbotubulus[173]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Haug et al.

Carboniferous

Carbondale Formation

 United States

A long-legged lobopodian. The type species is C. waloszeki.

Circotheca smetanai[174]

Sp. nov

Valid

Valent et al.

Middle Cambrian

Buchava Formation

 Czech Republic

A member of Hyolitha (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Circotheca.

Coronacollina[175]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Clites, Droser & Gehling

Ediacaran

 Australia

An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Coronacollina acula.

Crenulipora kuwanoi[176]

Sp. nov

Valid

Niko

Devonian

Fukuji Formation

 Japan

A tabulate coral belonging to the group Favositida and the family Favositidae.

Dispinoscolex[177]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Duan, Dong & Donoghue

Cambrian (Paibian)

Bitiao Formation

 China

A palaeoscolecid. The type species is D. decorus.

Favia maitreyiae[178]

Sp. nov

Valid

López-Pérez

Pliocene

Carmen Formation

 Mexico

A stony coral, a species of Favia.

Favia tulsidasi[178]

Sp. nov

Valid

López-Pérez

Pliocene

San Marcos Formation

 Mexico

A stony coral, a species of Favia.

Heydenius arachnius[179]

Sp. nov

Valid

Poinar

Eocene to Miocene

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A nematode belonging to the family Mermithidae.

Heydenius phasmatophilus[179]

Sp. nov

Valid

Poinar

Eocene

Baltic amber

 Russia
( Kaliningrad Oblast)

A nematode belonging to the family Mermithidae.

Heydenius podenasae[179]

Sp. nov

Valid

Poinar

Eocene

Baltic amber

 Russia
( Kaliningrad Oblast)

A nematode belonging to the family Mermithidae.

Heydenius trichorosus[179]

Sp. nov

Valid

Poinar

Eocene

Baltic amber

 Russia
( Kaliningrad Oblast)

A nematode belonging to the family Mermithidae.

Loriciscolex[170]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Botting et al.

Ordovician

 United Kingdom

A palaeoscolecid. The type species is L. cuspidus.

Parastriatopora boliviana[23]

Sp. nov

Valid

Plusquellec, Tourneur & Fernández-Martínez in Racheboeuf et al.

Devonian (Emsian or Eifelian)

Belén Formation

 Bolivia

A tabulate coral belonging to the superfamily Pachyporoidea and the family Parastriatoporidae.

Placosmilia? aliciae[178]

Sp. nov

Valid

López-Pérez

Pliocene

San Marcos Formation
San Nicolas Formation

 Mexico

A stony coral belonging to the family Montlivaltiidae.

Pluoscolex[170]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Botting et al.

Ordovician

 United Kingdom

A palaeoscolecid. The type species is P. linearis.

Probactrotheca[174]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Valent et al.

Middle Cambrian

Buchava Formation

 Czech Republic

A member of Hyolitha. The type species is Probactrotheca briketa.

Protomichelinia foveata[180]

Sp. nov

Valid

Niko, Haikawa & Fujikawa

Permian

Akiyoshi Limestone Group

 Japan

A tabulate coral.

Pseudoromingeria muratai[180]

Sp. nov

Valid

Niko, Haikawa & Fujikawa

Permian

Akiyoshi Limestone Group

 Japan

A tabulate coral.

Radnorscolex[170]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Botting et al.

Ordovician

 United Kingdom

A palaeoscolecid. The type species is R. bwlchi.

Redondagnathus[181]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Spielmann & Lucas

Late Triassic

 United States

A vertebrate of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Described on the basis of three postcanine teeth, considered to be teeth of a trirachodontid cynodont by Lucas et al. (1999)[182] and Spielmann and Lucas (2012).[181] On the other hand, Abdala, Neveling and Welman (2006) and Sidor and Hopson (2018) did not consider it likely that Redondagnathus was a member of Trirachodontidae, and Abdala, Neveling and Welman (2006) weren't even sure whether it was a cynodont.[183][184] The type species is Redondagnathus hunti.

Schistoscolex hunanensis[177]

Sp. nov

Valid

Duan, Dong & Donoghue

Cambrian (Paibian)

Bitiao Formation

 China

A palaeoscolecid.

Siderastrea annae[178]

Sp. nov

Valid

López-Pérez

Pliocene

San Marcos Formation

 Mexico

A stony coral, a species of Siderastrea.

Sinopathes[185]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Baliński, Sun & Dzik

Early Ordovician

Fenxiang Formation

 China

A black coral. The type species is S. reptans.

Siphusauctum[186]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

O'Brien & Caron

Middle Cambrian

Burgess Shale

 Canada

A stem-bilaterian of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a stalked filter feeder. The type species is S. gregarium.

Syringopora konishii[187]

Sp. nov

Valid

Niko & Ibaraki

Carboniferous (Viséan)

Kotaki Formation

 Japan

A tabulate coral belonging to the group Auloporida.

Thecia ichikawai[188]

Sp. nov

Valid

Niko & Adachi

Silurian

Gionyama Formation

 Japan

A tabulate coral belonging to the group Favositida and the family Theciidae.

Trachypsammia konbo[189]

Sp. nov

Valid

Niko

Early Carboniferous

Akiyoshi Limestone Group

 Japan

A tabulate coral.

Ulexiscolex[170]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Botting et al.

Ordovician

 United Kingdom

A palaeoscolecid. The type species is U. ormrodi.

Wernia[170]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Botting et al.

Ordovician

 United Kingdom

A palaeoscolecid. The type species is W. eximia.

Other organisms

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Hydrolithon braganum[190]

Sp. nov

Valid

Woelkerling, Bassi & Iryu

Quaternary

Reef terraces around Tahiti,  French Polynesia

A red alga belonging to the family Corallinaceae, a species of Hydrolithon.

Jimwhitea[191]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Krings & Taylor in Krings et al.

Middle Triassic

Fremouw Formation

 Antarctica

A fungus belonging to the group Endogonales. The type species is Jimwhitea circumtecta.

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