2015 Polish parliamentary election

← 2011 25 October 2015 2019 →
All 460 seats to the Sejm of Poland 231 seats are needed for a majority in the Sejm All 100 seats to the Senate of Poland
Turnout	50.92%
First party Second party Third party   Leader Beata Szydło Ewa Kopacz Paweł Kukiz Party PiS PO Kukiz'15 Leader since Candidate for PM 8 November 2014 28 July 2015 Leader's seat 12 – Chrzanów 19 – Warsaw I 19 – Warsaw I Last election 157 seats, 29.89% 207 seats, 39.18% New party Seats before 134 197 Did not exist Seats won 235 138 42 Seat change 101 59 New Popular vote 5,711,687 3,661,474 1,339,094 Percentage 37.58% 24.09% 8.81% Swing 7.69% 15.09% New party   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Ryszard Petru Janusz Piechociński Ryszard Galla Party .N PSL MN Leader since 31 May 2015 17 November 2012 25 September 2005 Leader's seat 19 – Warsaw I 20 – Warsaw II (lost re-election) 21 - Opole Last election New party 28 seats, 8.36% 1 seat, 0.19% Seats before Did not exist 38 1 Seats won 28 16 1 Seat change New 22 Popular vote 1,155,370 779,875 27,530 Percentage 7.60% 5.13% 0.18% Swing New party 3.23% 0.01%
Seats won by Sejm District
Government before election Kopacz cabinet PO—PSL Elected Government Szydło cabinet PiS (ZP)

Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 25 October 2015 for the eighth term of the Sejm and Senate, which ran from 12 November 2015 until 2019.^[1]

The election was won by the largest opposition party, the right-wing Law and Justice (PiS), with 38% of the vote against the governing Civic Platform (PO), which achieved 24%. Official results, announced on 27 October, gave Law and Justice 235 of the 460 seats, a majority of four.^[2] PiS vice chairwoman Beata Szydło succeeded PO leader Ewa Kopacz as Prime Minister of Poland, heading a one-party cabinet.

It was the first election for a national parliament in Europe since the 1993 Norwegian elections in which the two largest parties were led by a female candidate, and the second election in history (also since the 1993 Norwegian election) where more than three parties fielded female leadership candidates. It was also the first election in Poland since the restoration of full democracy that a party won an absolute majority in the Sejm.

Following PiS's victory in the May 2015 presidential elections, PiS would have control over both the presidency and parliament for the next eight years.

Electoral system

The process of election for the Sejm is through open party-list proportional representation via the D'hondt method in multi-seat constituencies, with a 5% national threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (requirements waived for ethnic minorities). The senate is elected using first-past-the-post voting in single-member districts.^[3] To be included on a ballot, a senate candidate must present 2,000 signatures of support from their constituents.^[4] For Sejm elections, the threshold is 5,000 signatures per constituency, though that requirement is waived for parties that have already registered lists in at least half of all constituencies (21 out of 41 as of this election).^[5]

Overall, the Sejm includes 460 MPs. Should a party have 231 or more deputies in Parliament, it has an absolute majority and can thus govern autonomously, without the need for support from other parties. The constitution can be amended with a supermajority of two-thirds, or 307 deputies.

Election date

The date of the election, 25 October, was set by the previous President of Poland, Bronisław Komorowski.^[6] The latest possible date for the election to be held was in November 2015, four years after the previous election. Prior to the announcement of the election date, the most likely dates were thought to be in October or November.

In the previous parliamentary elections in 2011 the Civic Platform–Polish People's Party coalition government, in power since 2007, won a second term. All 460 seats in the Sejm and 100 seats in the Senate were up for election.

Parties standing in the election

Nationwide committees

Regional committees

Opinion polls

Results

The opposition party, Law and Justice won the election with 37.58% of the vote against the governing Civic Platform, which gained a 24.09% share.^[29] Beata Szydło became the new Prime Minister, succeeding Ewa Kopacz.^[30][31] Law and Justice became the first party in Poland to win majority government in a free election, since 1991. The other parties considered winners were two newcomer parties, Kukiz's Movement (third place) and Ryszard Petru's Modern party (4th place).

Two of the biggest losers were Civic Platform and the Polish People's Party. PO suffered its worst result in a parliamentary election in ten years, ending eight years of political dominance. The PSL, the junior partner in the outgoing government, had its worst result in 25 years (5.13%), just crossing the 5% threshold by a few thousand votes. Another perceived loser was the Democratic Left Alliance, Poland's largest left-wing party, which failed to win a seat for the first time since the change of system. The SLD ran as the largest partner of the United Left, which was 0.5% short of the 8% threshold for electoral alliances to win seats.

Sejm

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Law and Justice	5,711,687	37.58	235	+78
	Civic Platform	3,661,474	24.09	138	–69
	Kukiz'15	1,339,094	8.81	42	New
	Modern	1,155,370	7.60	28	New
	United Left	1,147,102	7.55	0	–67
	Polish People's Party	779,875	5.13	16	–12
	KORWiN	722,999	4.76	0	New
	Together	550,349	3.62	0	New
	Committee of Zbigniew Stonoga	42,731	0.28	0	New
	German Minority Electoral Committee	27,530	0.18	1	0
	United for Silesia	18,668	0.12	0	New
	JOW Bezpartyjni	15,656	0.10	0	New
	Committee of Grzegorz Braun "God Bless You!"	13,113	0.09	0	New
	Congress of the New Right	4,852	0.03	0	0
	Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland	4,266	0.03	0	0
	Social Movement of the Republic of Poland	3,941	0.03	0	New
	Citizens to Parliament	1,964	0.01	0	New
Total		15,200,671	100.00	460	0
Valid votes		15,200,671	97.47
Invalid/blank votes		394,664	2.53
Total votes		15,595,335	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		30,629,150	50.92
Source: PKW

Party breakdown

* – individual members running on lists different from their own parties

By constituency

Senate

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Law and Justice	5,993,433	39.99	61	+30
	Civic Platform	4,323,789	28.85	34	–29
	Polish People's Party	1,109,675	7.40	1	–1
	United Left	595,206	3.97	0	0
	Modern	394,817	2.63	0	New
	Kukiz'15	207,156	1.38	0	New
	KORWiN	186,510	1.24	0	New
	JOW Bezpartyjni	113,669	0.76	0	New
	Citizens to Parliament	84,246	0.56	0	New
	Congress of the New Right	79,946	0.53	0	0
	Democratic Party	64,829	0.43	0	0
	National Revival of Poland	57,012	0.38	0	0
	German Minority Electoral Committee	40,472	0.27	0	0
	Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland	20,913	0.14	0	0
	Social Movement of the Republic of Poland	14,316	0.10	0	New
	Whites–Reds	10,973	0.07	0	New
	Committee of Zbigniew Stonoga	10,167	0.07	0	New
	Slavic Union	9,562	0.06	0	New
	Committee of Grzegorz Braun "God Bless You!"	7,916	0.05	0	New
	Real Politics Union	6,190	0.04	0	0
	Patriotic Poland	6,090	0.04	0	0
	National Movement	5,462	0.04	0	New
	Labour Party	3,380	0.02	0	0
	Piast – Unity of the Thoughts of European Nations	1,786	0.01	0	New
	Independents	1,640,571	10.95	4	0
Total		14,988,086	100.00	100	0
Valid votes		14,988,086	96.12
Invalid/blank votes		604,947	3.88
Total votes		15,593,033	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		30,629,150	50.91
Source: PKW, PKW

By constituency

Reactions

Political analysts noted that the election marked the first time in the post-communist era that a political party received enough votes to form a majority government.^[32][33] BBC News suggested that Law and Justice's strategy of putting forward Szydło as its candidate for prime minister was a "winning formula" in the election. Szydło was widely perceived as being more moderate than PiS' outspoken leader, Jarosław Kaczyński. However, it also noted that Kaczyński could step into the role of prime minister after the election.^[33]

According to the Associated Press, the new Sejm was the most right-wing parliament in Europe due to the absence of centre-left MPs in the chamber. All five parties in the Sejm tilted rightward on social issues. Between them, left-leaning alliances only gained 11 percent of the vote.^[34]

Kopacz swiftly conceded defeat after exit polls from TVP showed PiS on its way to a majority, while Kaczyński declared victory and hailed his party's historic majority.^[35] Kaczyński also paid tribute to his late brother, President Lech Kaczyński, who died in the 2010 plane crash.^[31]