2016 London mayoral election
← 2012 5 May 2016 2021 →
Turnout45.3% Increase 7.2 pp
 
Candidate Sadiq Khan Zac Goldsmith Siân Berry
Party Labour Conservative Green
First round vote 1,148,716 909,755 150,673
Percentage 44.2% 35.0% 5.8%
Second round vote 1,310,143 994,614 Eliminated
Percentage 56.8% 43.2% Eliminated
Results of the election by borough, displaying first preferences. Darker shades indicate a stronger voteshare, while lighter shades indicate a weaker voteshare
Mayor before election

Boris Johnson
Conservative

Elected Mayor

Sadiq Khan
Labour

The 2016 London mayoral election was held on 5 May 2016 to elect the Mayor of London, on the same day as the London Assembly election. It was the fifth election to the position of mayor, which was created in 2000 following a referendum in Greater London. The election used a supplementary vote system.

The election was won by the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tooting, Sadiq Khan, a member of the Labour Party, who polled 56.8% of the votes in the head-to-head second round of voting over the MP for Richmond Park, Zac Goldsmith, a member of the Conservative Party. Goldsmith was more than 25% ahead of the next candidate in the first round of voting, as part of a record field of twelve candidates. Of the twelve candidates only Khan, Goldsmith, and Green Party candidate Siân Berry achieved the requisite 5% minimum first round vote share to retain their deposit.[1]

This was the first election to not feature either of the two previous holders of the office, Ken Livingstone and Boris Johnson, who had run against each other in 2008 and 2012. Johnson, as incumbent mayor, had chosen not to stand for re-election for a third term in office, having been elected as the Conservative Party MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip at the 2015 general election. The campaign was dominated by the personal battle between Goldsmith and Khan, and their contrasting class and ethnic backgrounds.[2] Through his victory, Khan became the second Labour Party mayor of London after Livingstone, and the first Muslim mayor of a European Union capital city.[3]

The campaign of Goldsmith was marred by accusations of Islamophobia. Senior Muslim figures within the Conservative Party supported the accusations while the Muslim Council of Britain described Goldsmith's campaign as an example of Tory "dog whistle anti-Muslim racism" and called the party to investigate Goldsmith as part of an investigation into alleged Islamophobia in the Conservative party.[4]

Results

Results by assembly constituency
Result by electoral ward

The first announcement of the first round results indicated that Khan was leading.[5] However, this count was later retracted, and official results were delayed pending counting errors that reportedly misattributed "hundreds" of votes. When the full result, including second preference, votes was announced at about 00:30, Khan had increased his lead over Goldsmith.[5]

Mayor of London election 5 May 2016 [6]
Party Candidate 1st round 2nd round
 First round votes  Transfer votes 
Total Of round Transfers Total Of round
Labour Sadiq Khan 1,148,716 44.2% 161,427 1,310,143 56.8%
​​
Conservative Zac Goldsmith 909,755 35.0% 84,859 994,614 43.2%
​​
Green Siân Berry 150,673 5.8%
​​
Liberal Democrats Caroline Pidgeon 120,005 4.6%
​​
UKIP Peter Whittle 94,373 3.6%
​​
Women's Equality Sophie Walker 53,055 2.0%
​​
Respect George Galloway 37,007 1.4%
​​
Britain First Paul Golding 31,372 1.2%
​​
CISTA Lee Harris 20,537 0.8%
​​
BNP David Furness 13,325 0.5%
​​
Independent Prince Zylinski 13,202 0.5%
​​
One Love Ankit Love 4,941 0.2%
​​
Labour gain from Conservative

There were a total of 2,596,961 valid votes and 49,871 rejected votes in the first round, a turnout of 45.3%. In the second round a further 381,862 had not declared a valid second preference, with a further 2,381 rejected for other reasons.[6][7]

Background

The outgoing mayor of London, Boris Johnson. The 2016 mayoral election was the first in which the incumbent mayor did not stand for re-election.

The position of mayor of London was created in 2000 after a referendum in London.[8] The mayor has a range of responsibilities covering policing, transport, housing, planning, economic development, arts, culture and the environment, controlling a budget of around £17 billion per year.[9] Mayors are elected for a period of four years, with no limit to the number of terms served.[10]

Prior to the 2016 election, there had been two mayors since the position's creation. The outgoing mayor, Boris Johnson of the Conservative Party was elected mayor in 2008, defeating incumbent Labour Party mayor Ken Livingstone. Johnson was re-elected, again ahead of Livingstone, in the 2012 election.[11] Neither Livingstone nor Johnson stood in 2016, making it the first London mayoral election that Livingstone did not contest,[12] and the first time a mayor had chosen not to defend their position.[13]

Since the previous mayoral vote, Labour had taken the majority of London votes and seats at the 2015 General Election, despite the Conservative Party winning the vote nationally.[12] Ten further candidates contested the election;[12] of these the UK Independence Party (UKIP) (8.1%), the Liberal Democrats (7.7%, 1 seat) and the Green Party (4.7%) had been the most popular parties in London at the 2015 election.[14]

Electoral system

The election used a supplementary vote system, in which voters express a first and a second preference of candidates.[15]

This means that the winning candidate has the support of a majority of voters who expressed a preference among the top two.[16]

All registered electors (British, Irish, Commonwealth and European Union citizens) living in London aged 18 or over on 5 May 2016 were entitled to vote in the mayoral election. Those who were temporarily away from London (for example, away working, on holiday, in student accommodation or in hospital) were also entitled to vote in the mayoral election. The deadline to register to vote in the election was midnight on 19 April 2016.[17] However, the Electoral Commission warned that thousands of transient renters were not eligible to vote.[18]

Candidates and their selection processes

2016 London mayoral election is located in Greater London
The elected mayor governs Greater London
London Mayoral Election 2016 Candidates
Party Candidate
Green Party of England and Wales Siân Berry
British National Party David Furness
Respect Party George Galloway
Britain First Paul Golding
Conservative Party Zac Goldsmith[19]
Cannabis Is Safer Than Alcohol Lee Harris
Labour Party Sadiq Khan[20]
One Love Party Ankit Love
Liberal Democrats Caroline Pidgeon
Women's Equality Party Sophie Walker
UK Independence Party Peter Whittle
Independent John Zylinski

The nomination period for mayoral candidates was from 21 to 31 March 2016. Confirmation of candidates occurred after nominations closed, which revealed a record number of candidates for a London Mayoral election[21] Among other requirements, candidates had to: be over 18; submit the signatures of 330 supporters (ten from each borough); pay a £10,000 deposit, refundable to candidates receiving more than 5% of first choice votes; and not have been sentenced to a prison term of three months or more in the previous five years.[22] [n 1] The full list of candidates was released on 1 April 2016, though many parties had gone through extensive selection processes prior to this.[24]

Conservative Party

Main article: 2015 London Conservative Party mayoral selection
Zac Goldsmith, Conservative candidate

Seven people registered to be the candidate for the Conservative Party.[25] Of these, three were eliminated: Philippa Roe, leader of Westminster City Council; Ivan Massow, financial services entrepreneur, gay rights campaigner, and media personality; and Sol Campbell, former Arsenal and England football player.[26] Four nominees went into a primary, with registration open anyone on the London electoral roll.[27] The candidate was announced on 2 October 2015 to be Zac Goldsmith, journalist, author and MP for Richmond Park.[28][29] The defeated nominees were: Andrew Boff, leader of the Conservative Party in the London Assembly;[25] Stephen Greenhalgh, businessman and Deputy Mayor for Policing and Crime;[25] and Syed Kamall, academic, Chairman of the European Conservatives and Reformists, and an MEP for London.[25]

Election Political result Candidate Party Votes % ±%
Conservative Party Candidate Selection[30]
Turnout: 9,227		Conservative Zac Goldsmith selected as
Candidate for Mayor of London
Majority: 5,037 (54.6%) 		Zac GoldsmithConservative6,51470.6
Syed Kamall Conservative1,47716.0
Stephen Greenhalgh Conservative8649.4
Andrew Boff Conservative3724.0

Goldsmith, a member of the prominent Goldschmidt family, grew up in Ham, London. His early career was spent working in think-tanks and for The Ecologist magazine, of which he was editor from 2000 until 2006.[31][32] He left The Ecologist in 2006 when he became deputy chairman of the Conservative Party's Quality of Life Policy Group,[32] and he was elected as Conservative MP for Richmond Park at the 2010 general election. As a social and economic liberal,[33] Goldsmith has campaigned for a small state with direct democracy.[34] Goldsmith, having made his name editing an environmentalist magazine, opposed expansion of Heathrow and vowed to continue investment in public transport.[35] He stated that he was in favour of "right-to-buy" schemes for buying homes, and wanted to expand housing stock through high-density, low-rise construction.[35] Goldsmith announced his support for the UK leaving the European Union, reflecting his eurosceptic position.[36][37] Goldsmith's aristocratic background was commented on, particularly in contrast to Khan's working-class roots, though some suggested this could have given Goldsmith an advantage.[38]

Labour Party

Main article: 2015 London Labour Party mayoral selection
Sadiq Khan, Labour candidate

Eight politicians registered an interest in becoming the Labour Party candidate, of whom two—Keran Kerai, Labour Party member in Harrow East and Neeraj Patil, former Mayor of Lambeth and former Lambeth Borough Councillor for Larkhall Ward—were not shortlisted.[39] Between 14 August and 10 September, affiliated and registered supporters and members of the Labour Party in London voted for their preferred candidate.[39] The winning candidate was Sadiq Khan, with 59% of the vote.[20] He defeated: Diane Abbott, former Shadow Minister for Public Health, candidate for leader in 2010 and MP for Hackney North and Stoke Newington;[39] Tessa Jowell, former Olympics Minister and former MP for Dulwich and West Norwood;[39] David Lammy, former Universities Minister and MP for Tottenham;[39] Gareth Thomas, Shadow Foreign Office Minister, Chair of the Co-operative Party and MP for Harrow West; and Christian Wolmar, journalist, author, and railway historian.[39]

Khan was elected to Parliament as MP for Tooting at the 2005 general election. He had previously worked as a human rights lawyer.[40] After being the campaign manager for Ed Miliband in the latter's successful bid to become Labour Party leader,[41] Khan was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Secretary of State for Justice in 2010, a post from which he resigned after the 2015 General Election and Miliband's resignation as Labour leader.[42]

First round
Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters Total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Sadiq Khan 17,518 33.8% 11,077 42.1% 4,331 44.1% 32,926
37.5%
Tessa Jowell 19,324 37.3% 4,442 16.9% 2,355 24.0% 26,121
29.7%
Diane Abbott 6,890 13.3% 6,216 23.6% 1,692 17.2% 14,798
16.8%
David Lammy 5,191 10.0% 2,318 8.8% 746 7.6% 8,255
9.4%
Christian Wolmar 2,195 4.2% 1,997 7.6% 537 5.5% 4,729
5.4%
Gareth Thomas 650 1.3% 241 0.9% 164 1.7% 1,055
1.2%
Second round
Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters Total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Sadiq Khan 17,665 34.2% 11,121 42.4% 4,355 44.4% 33,141
37.8%
Tessa Jowell 19,535 37.8% 4,477 17.1% 2,394 24.4% 26,406
30.1%
Diane Abbott 6,943 13.4% 6,238 23.8% 1,710 17.4% 14,891
17.0%
David Lammy 5,279 10.2% 2,353 9.0% 760 7.8% 8,392
9.6%
Christian Wolmar 2,288 4.4% 2,057 7.8% 582 5.9% 4,927
5.6%
Third round
Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters Total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Sadiq Khan 18,433 35.8% 11,835 45.6% 4,545 46.8% 34,813
40.0%
Tessa Jowell 20,064 39.0% 4,710 18.1% 2,498 25.7% 27,272
31.3%
Diane Abbott 7,323 14.2% 6,737 26.0% 1,818 18.7% 15,878
18.2%
David Lammy 5,632 10.9% 2,671 10.3% 844 8.7% 9,147
10.5%
Fourth round
Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters Total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Sadiq Khan 20,628 40.5% 12,944 50.7% 4,868 50.7% 38,440
44.7%
Tessa Jowell 21,851 43.0% 5,237 20.5% 2,697 28.1% 29,785
34.6%
Diane Abbott 8,396 16.5% 7,345 28.8% 2,043 21.3% 17,784
20.7%
Fifth round
Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters Total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Sadiq Khan Green tickY 24,983 51.0% 17,179 73.0% 5,990 65.2% 48,152
58.9%
Tessa Jowell 24,019 49.0% 6,351 27.0% 3,203 34.8% 33,573
41.1%

Khan's selection as a candidate was seen as part of a wider move towards the left in Labour that emerged during the 2015 leadership election that followed Miliband's resignation.[20] Key policies that Khan proposed included a London 'living rent';[43] a quota system for ethnic minority officers in the Metropolitan Police;[44] increased home building;[45] and a campaign for a London Living Wage.[46] Commentators raised Khan's Muslim religion as a potential barrier to election, after a poll (not mentioning Khan by name) suggested that 31% of Londoners would be 'uncomfortable' with a Muslim mayor.[47] Khan, who was London's first Muslim MP, argued that the election of a Muslim could encourage London to become recognised as a more cosmopolitan city.[47] While Khan had stated that he would serve a full term as MP for Tooting if he were to become mayor of London,[48] he later announced that would stand down as MP for Tooting if he were elected mayor.[49]

Green Party

Green Party candidate Siân Berry in 2005

Jenny Jones, the Green party's candidate in the 2012 election, and Natalie Bennett, leader of the Green Party of England and Wales, declined to stand for the Green nomination.[50] Six candidates were shortlisted for the nomination,[50][51] with Siân Berry, the party's candidate in the 2008 election, selected by London-based members of the Green Party.[52] Unsuccessful nominees were Jonathan Bartley (candidate for Streatham in the 2015 general election, co-founder of Ekklesia, and Work and Pensions Spokesperson for the Green Party);[50] Tom Chance (candidate for Lewisham West and Penge in the 2015 general election and Housing Spokesperson for the Greens);[50] Benali Hamdache (Equalities Spokesperson for the Green Party, and former National Health Service researcher);[50] Rashid Nix (a Camera operator and candidate for Dulwich and West Norwood in the 2015 general election);[50] and Caroline Russell (Islington Borough Councillor for Highbury East Ward since 2014 and clean air campaigner).[50]

Election Political result Candidate Party Votes % ±%
Green Party Candidate Selection[53]
Turnout: 1,890 (16.4%)		Green Siân Berry selected as
Candidate for Mayor of London
Majority: ~686 (36.3%) 		Siân BerryGreen~94349.9
Jonathan Bartley Green~25713.6
Caroline Russell Green~25113.3
Rashid Nix Green~20410.8
Tom Chance Green~1598.4
Benali Hamdache Green~723.8
Re-open Nominations RON~40.2

Berry joined the Green Party at age 28, and became a prominent green transport campaigner.[54][55] She was Principal Speaker of the Green Party from 2006 to 2007, before becoming the Green candidate for the 2008 mayoral election.[56] She first stood for election at Camden Borough Council in 2002, and was elected to the council in May 2014.[57] Having had a variety of jobs,[56] at the time of the election she was primarily an author and worked for the Campaign for Better Transport.[57] Berry made increasing affordable housing a key policy area in her mayoral campaign,[54] through brownfield building, capping rents and preventing foreign businesses from purchasing homes.[58] She aimed to prioritise sustainability oriented policies over those that seek economic growth.[59]

Liberal Democrats

Caroline Pidgeon, Liberal Democrat candidate

The Liberal Democrats opened their selection process on 8 June 2015. Applications were due by noon on 22 June 2015[60] and six potential nominees stood to be candidates.[61] Four of these were not shortlisted: Brian Haley, a former Labour councillor in Haringey, who also unsuccessfully stood for the Liberal Democrat candidacy in 2012; Teena Lashmore, a criminologist, community activist and Liberal Democrat candidate in Bethnal Green and Bow at the 2015 general election; Marisha Ray, a former councillor in Islington; and Paul Reynolds, former councillor.[61][62] Of the remaining candidates, Duwayne Brooks OBE, former councillor in Lewisham, withdrew due to his commitments to a review of police stop and search powers.[62] This left Caroline Pidgeon, leader of the Liberal Democrats on the London Assembly,[63][64] as the only remaining candidate. She was selected, winning 90% of the 3669 votes on a 39% turnout, against the option to Re-Open Nominations,[65][66] as announced on 17 September 2015.[67]

Pidgeon graduated from the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth in 1994, moving to London to work in local government and later for the National Health Service.[68] She was elected as a councillor in Southwark in 1998, where she served until being elected to the London Assembly in 2008.[68] She became leader of the Liberal Democrat assembly group, a position she held after their number was reduced to just 2 in the 2012 London Assembly Election,[69] the same year in which she was awarded an MBE for public service.[70] Pidgeon promised to focus on housing, affordable childcare, air pollution and public transport.[71] She emphasised the need to ensure that workers can live in the city by using rent control and reducing public transport costs.[71]

UK Independence Party

The UK Independence Party (UKIP) candidate was chosen via a selection committee, unlike previous mayoral candidate selections that had been made by London-based party members.[72] The supposed favourite for selection among party members was Suzanne Evans, UKIP Deputy Chairman, former Interim Leader, Welfare Spokesman and candidate for Shrewsbury and Atcham in the 2015 general election.[73] Press such as The Spectator speculated that the decision had been moved to a committee to allow for the selection of national party leader Nigel Farage's preferred candidate, Peter Whittle, Culture Spokesman and candidate for Eltham in the 2015 general election.[72][73] UKIP claimed that the changed selection process was intended to produce a candidate with the potential for receiving the most votes.[72] Whittle was eventually selected, and announced as the candidate at the UKIP party conference on 26 September 2015.[74][75] No shortlist was released but others who had stated their intention to stand had included: Alan Craig, former leader of and mayoral candidate in 2008 for the Christian Peoples Alliance, and UKIP candidate for Brent North in the 2015 general election; Peter Harris, candidate for Dagenham and Rainham in the 2015 general election; Richard Hendron, LGBT activist and candidate for Brentford and Isleworth in the 2015 general election;[73][76] Elizabeth Jones, candidate for Dartford in the 2015 general election;[51] David Kurten, candidate for Camberwell and Peckham in the 2015 general election;[citation needed] Winston McKenzie, perennial candidate and UKIP candidate for Croydon North in the 2015 general election;[51] and Shneur Odze, former Hackney councillor.[77]

Whittle was born in Peckham, before studying at the University of Kent.[78] He worked in journalism, before founding the New Culture Forum think-tank in 2006.[74] He became UKIP's cultural spokesperson in 2013[75] and stood for Eltham at the 2015 general election, receiving 15% of the vote.[78] Whittle became the first the openly LGBT candidate selected by any party as a mayor of London candidate.[79] Whittle confirmed his support the UK's exit from the European Union, stating that this would not damage London's financial industries.[74] He pledged to work to ensure that workers can afford to live in London, and opposes further expansion of Heathrow Airport.[74]

Other candidates

Withdrawn candidates

Several independents or candidates from minor parties announced an intention to stand but did not appear on the final list of nominees. The candidate with the highest profile was Winston McKenzie, who was selected as a candidate by the English Democrats. He had run as an independent in 2008 and had sought the UKIP nomination for 2016.[97] In January 2016, McKenzie appeared on the reality TV show Celebrity Big Brother described as the English Democrats candidate,[98] but was not nominated for the election. McKenzie submitted nomination forms, but they were rejected for being incomplete and containing "duplicate signatures".[23] On 8 April 2016 it was confirmed that McKenzie would be standing in a borough council by-election in Croydon to be held on the same day as the mayoral election.[99]

Other candidates who were reported to be intending to stand but did not later appear on the nomination list include Jonathan Silberman for the Communist League,[100] and independent candidate Rosalind Readhead.[24][101] Lindsey Garrett was announced for Something New,[102] but later withdrew.[103]

Media and debates

The BBC debate on 18 April between the five leading candidates was chaired by Andrew Neil

A series of debates, hustings and other events were arranged over the course of the campaign. The first major debate was hosted by the LSE on 28 January and attended by Berry, Goldsmith, Khan, Pidgeon and Whittle.[104] Housing and transport were major topics of the debate, with Martin Hosick of MayorWatch impressed by the performances of Pidgeon and Whittle.[105] Through February and early March a series of sponsored debates on key topics took place, including two on housing,[106][107] one on technology,[108] and one covering green issues.[109]

The next broad debate, with the same five candidates as the LSE debate, in the campaign came on LBC on 22 March.[110] During April, further debates occurred, with the first on 12 April a head-to-head between Goldsmith and Khan on behalf of City A.M.[111] The issue of Goldsmith's campaign was raised, with Khan accusing Goldsmith of running a negative campaign and Goldsmith accusing Khan of hiding behind the label of Islamophobia.[112] The topics of housing, transport and job-creation were all key points in the debate.[113] The BBC hosted a debate with the five major candidates broadcast on BBC One in London on 18 April. The Guardian noted an absence of any clear winner, with Khan and Goldsmith focused on each other, Berry and Pidgeon offering very similar policies and Whittle distinct but with no chance of victory.[114] Similarly, The Spectator said that there had been a lukewarm response to policy statements from all candidates.[115] A second head to head took place on 21 April chaired by Kirsty Wark at the Royal Geographical Society on behalf of the Evening Standard.[116] Once again, housing, security and transport were key themes in the debate.[116]

Several national and London-based publications endorsed candidates. The London Evening Standard, the largest paper in London by circulation,[117] endorsed Goldsmith,[118] while the paper with the largest circulation to endorse Khan was The Daily Mirror.[119] Of other papers with leading circulation, The Daily Telegraph endorsed Goldsmith.[120] Khan received endorsements from The Guardian[121] and the New Statesman,[122] as well as a lukewarm endorsement from The Financial Times, which was critical of both leading candidates.[123]

Campaign

Before October 2015

Early campaigning began with the process of major parties selecting candidates, after the 2015 General Election. The first party candidate to be announced was Lindsey Garrett of the Something New party on 18 May,[102] though she later decided not to stand.[124] The major parties all declared candidates in September.[51] Early issues that were highlighted by multiple candidates included:[125]

Early campaign: October 2015 – February 2016

Transport costs on London's Underground system (pictured) were a key early issue in the campaign

The final polls from before the announcement of candidates gave Labour a four-point lead over the Conservative Party.[146] From early in the campaign, the contest was presumed to be between the Labour and Conservative candidates, with both expected to comfortably reach the second round of voting.[147] While Goldsmith – who was the last of the main candidates to be announced, on 3 October 2015 – was widely anticipated to be the Conservative candidate,[148] Khan's selection was more of a surprise.[149]

The first months of the campaign were dominated by the heightened terrorist threat in London, following a series of successful and planned attacks by Islamic State in 2015, particularly the November 2015 Paris attacks and a lone knife attack at Leytonstone tube station in on 6 December.[150] Khan's comments on how British Muslims might respond to the Paris attacks raised positive comments from both supporters and opponents.[151][152] A subsequent leaflet distributed by Goldmsith's campaign team described Khan as "divisive and radical", comments that Labour claimed were an attempt to associate Khan with radical Islam.[153][154] The Conservative Party rejected the accusation, claiming that Khan was "playing the race card".[155]

Elsewhere in the campaign, transport remained a major issue. David Cameron's deferral in December 2015 of a decision on plans for a third runway at Heathrow Airport until after the election was interpreted as an attempt to avoid a clash with Goldsmith, his party's candidate, on the issue.[156] Caroline Pidgeon and Siân Berry both promised changes to the fares system to reduce commuter costs on the Tube,[157] while Khan and incumbent Conservative mayor Boris Johnson clashed over planned Tube strikes.[158] An early January 2016 poll gave Khan a 10-point lead over Goldsmith,[159] with bookmakers and pundits all favouring a Khan victory, though most agreed that the race was still open.[160] Towards the end of January, provisional English Democrats candidate Winston McKenzie appeared on reality TV show Celebrity Big Brother, quickly being voted off and causing over 400 complaints to Ofcom following his negative comments about homosexuality.[98]

In February, five candidates – Pidgeon, Whittle, Khan, Berry and Goldsmith – appeared in a debate on issues surrounding technology and science at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park.[108] Key topics to emerge included the conflict between traditional London Black Cabs and Uber, and the role of the EU in shaping the British technological industry.[108] A few days later, a referendum on the UK's membership of the EU was announced for 23 June, the campaigning for which intersected with the mayoral election.[161] Alongside Whittle, whose UKIP party was founded with the aim of securing the UK's departure from the EU, both Goldsmith and outgoing mayor Boris Johnson announced their intention to campaign to leave the EU, in defiance of their party leader, Prime Minister David Cameron.[162][163] By contrast, Khan, Pidgeon and Berry all declared their support for remaining in the EU.[164][165] George Eaton of the New Statesman noted that research from the British Election Survey had found that voters in London (a majority-minority city), typically showed more support for the EU than voters in the UK as a whole.[163]

Official campaign: March – May 2016

In a letter intended for London's Hindu and Sikh populations, Goldsmith accused Khan, a Muslim, of wanting a "wealth tax on family jewellery."[166][167] The letters formed part of what Khan's campaign said was a racist campaigning strategy from Goldsmith,[168][169] with Goldsmith claiming that Khan was a dangerous and "deeply partisan politician".[168]

March polls for YouGov and Comres showed Khan retaining his lead over Goldsmith, though by a reduced 3 percentage points in the Comres poll and an increased 7 points in the YouGov poll.[170][171] The Comres poll also showed Khan leading in a run-off[170] while neither poll gave any other candidates more than 6% of the first round votes. Both polls suggested that the race remained close, with the number of undecided voters comfortably larger than Khan's lead over Goldsmith.[168] Meanwhile, Londonist criticised both Goldsmith and Khan for "sending substitutes" instead of appearing at hustings events across London.[167] The official campaign began on 21 March, when nominations formally opened.[172] The confirmed list of candidates was released on 1 April, revealing that 12 people in total had secured the support and financing required for a nomination.[24]

Khan's manifesto launch came early in the official campaign period, on 9 March. Focusing on housing, Khan promised for database of landlords who had been prosecuted for housing-related offences, as well as the creation of a mayor-controlled non-for-profit letting agency.[173] He pledged a freeze on rail fares [173] and a series of measures to tackle gender inequality, focusing on domestic and sexual violence, the gender wage gap and the cost of childcare.[174] In early April, Berry and Pidgeon both released their manifestos, with both focused on housing.[175][176] Goldsmith's manifesto was one of the last to be released, on 12 April.[177] He focused on the economy, promising that his house and infrastructure building policies would help create 500,000 jobs.[177] He also promised a freeze on mayoral council tax and increased police numbers.[177] Green issues were also a core part of his agenda,[178] with new traffic regulations to encourage cleaner vehicles and the creation of new pocket parks.[177]

Through April, the personal battle between Goldsmith and Khan continued to dominate the campaign, with Goldsmith and his campaign team repeatedly accused by Labour of racist or Islamophobic campaigning,[179][180] an accusation that they strongly denied.[181] Other candidates struggled to gain publicity and none of the major candidates were able to differentiate themselves significantly on policy.[115] On 22 April, a YouGov poll saw Khan stretch his lead over Goldsmith to 11 points in the first round, with Whittle, Berry and Pidgeon remaining very close to each other but some 25 points further behind Goldsmith, and Khan leading Goldsmith with 60% to 40% in the final round of voting.[182] On 29 April, comments by Labour MP Naz Shah and former Labour mayor of London Ken Livingstone led to both being accused of antisemitism. Livingstone had been a close ally of Khan, who quickly distanced himself from the comments before Livingstone was suspended from the Labour Party.[183] A poll released on the same day showed Khan leading Goldsmith by 20 points in the second round of voting, with no other candidates on more than 5% in the first round.[184] In the final week of the campaign, minor candidate Prince Zylinski endorsed Goldsmith.[185]

Election and count

Election day, 5 May 2016, was affected by confusion in the London Borough of Barnet, as an undetermined number of the borough's 236,196 voters were turned away from polling stations owing to an error with the electoral lists.[186] The first registers delivered to the polling station contained only those voters who registered since January 2016. Polls opened at 8 am and the problem was not rectified until 10:30 am.[186] The count began on Friday 6 May taking place at three locations across the capital.[187] The declaration, made at City Hall[187] was delayed following "discrepancies" with the initial count of votes, in which hundreds of votes were reportedly misallocated.[5] As the result was announced early on 7 May, outgoing mayor Boris Johnson remained in position for a further day, handing over to Khan on 8 May.[188]

Opinion polls

In the run-up to the election, several polling organisations carried out public opinion polling on voting intentions.

Graphical summaries

5 way polling

London opinion polling for the 2016 mayoral election (moving average is calculated from the last six polls)
  Khan
  Goldsmith
  Whittle
  Berry
  Pidgeon

Khan vs. Goldsmith

London opinion polling for the 2016 mayoral election between Zac Goldsmith and Sadiq Khan (moving average is calculated from the last six polls)
  Khan
  Goldsmith

2016

Date(s)
conducted 		Polling organisation/client Sample size First preference Final round
Goldsmith Khan Berry Pidgeon Whittle Galloway Others Goldsmith Khan
5 May 2016 election[189] 2,596,961 35.0% 44.2% 5.8% 4.6% 3.6% 1.4% 5.2% 43.2% 56.8%
2–4 May YouGov[190] 1,574 32% 43% 7% 6% 7% 1% 4% 43% 57%
28 Apr – 3 May ComRes[191] 1,034 36% 45% 6% 6% 4% 1% 2% 44% 56%
26 Apr – 3 May TNS[192] 1,001 33% 45% 4% 7% 5% <1% 5% 43% 57%
26 Apr – 1 May Opinium[193] 1,004 35% 48% 5% 4% 5% <1% 3% 43% 57%
21–25 Apr Survation[194] 1,010 34% 49% 3% 3% 5% 2% 4% 40% 60%
15–19 Apr YouGov[195] 1,017 32% 48% 6% 5% 7% <1% 2% 40% 60%
30 Mar – 3 Apr ComRes [196] 1,049 37% 44% 4% 7% 5% 2% 1% 45% 55%
30 Mar – 3 Apr Opinium[197] 1,015 39% 49% 3% 4% 4% 1% - 46% 54%
14–17 Mar ComRes[198] 1,011 39% 42% 6% 6% 5% 1% 1% 47% 53%
8–10 Mar YouGov[199] 1,031 36% 45% 4% 5% 7% 2% 1% 45% 55%
2–7 Mar Opinium[200] 1,011 42% 48% 3% 3% 3% 1% - 45% 55%
4–6 Jan YouGov[201] 1,156 35% 45% 5% 4% 6% 2% 2% 45% 55%

2015

Date(s)
conducted 		Polling organisation/client Sample size First preference Final round
Goldsmith Khan Berry Pidgeon Whittle Galloway Others Goldsmith Khan
18–21 Nov YouGov[202] 1,008 38% 42% 5% 5% 6% - 3% 47% 53%
6–8 Oct YouGov[203] 1,178 - - - - - - - 49% 51%

Before confirmation of candidates

These polls were conducted before candidate details were finalised. Some show hypothetical match-ups between Zac Goldsmith and prospective Labour candidates, and others show the results of a generic question about which party a voter would support in the Mayoral election.

Unnamed party candidates

Date Firm Sample Conservative Labour Green Lib Dem UKIP Respect
12–15 Aug 2015 Survation[204] 1,007 35% 44% 7% 5% 4% 2%

Zac Goldsmith vs Sadiq Khan

Date(s)
conducted 		Polling organisation/client Sample size Goldsmith Khan
10–12 Aug 2015 YouGov[205] 1,153 54% 46%
2 July 2015 YouGov[205] ? 53% 47%
8–11 June 2015 YouGov[205] 1,236 50% 50%

Zac Goldsmith vs Tessa Jowell

Date Firm Sample Goldsmith Jowell
10–12 Aug 2015 YouGov[205] 1,153 47% 53%
2 July 2015 YouGov[205] ? 43% 57%
8–11 June 2015 YouGov[205] 1,236 42% 58%

Aftermath

As the first results were announced, several Conservative Party politicians, including Andrew Boff and Sayeeda Warsi, denounced Zac Goldsmith's campaign,[206][207] while writers such as left-wing columnist Owen Jones once again described it as "racist".[208] Khan's win was described as a highlight for Labour on a day when the party had lost 19 councillors in the English local elections and fallen to third place, behind the Conservatives, in the Scottish parliament election.[209] However, in the subsequent days, Khan distanced himself from Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn's election strategy, amidst rumours of a party rift.[210] Khan subsequently supported Corbyn's opponent, Owen Smith, in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election.[211]

In his victory speech, Khan said that his victory represented a victory for "hope over fear"[212] Internationally and in the UK, many responses focused on Khan's election as the first Muslim mayor of London.[3] Khan received congratulations from politicians globally, including French Prime Minister Manuel Valls; Hillary Clinton, who at the time was the Democratic front-runner for the United States 2016 presidential primaries; and Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, who in 2014 became the first Christian governor of Indonesia's capital, Jakarta.[3][213] Khan's working-class background was also noted, particularly in contrast to the aristocratic background of Goldsmith.[3] A week after the election, Khan announced Joanne McCartney, London Assembly member for Enfield and Haringey, as his deputy mayor.[214]

Green Party candidate Sian Berry, who finished third ahead of Pidgeon and Whittle, received the largest number of second-preference votes of any candidate with 468,318 votes representing 21% of the total.[215] All three were elected to the London Assembly in the vote on the same day. Sophie Walker's 2.0% of the vote was reported positively in what was the Women's Equality Party's first ever election.[216] She also would have been elected to the Assembly on a pure D'Hondt allocation, but a 5% threshold denied her the seat. By contrast, former MP George Galloway's 1.2% of the vote was seen as something of a humiliation and a symptom that his Respect Party was struggling to function;[217] Respect did indeed deregister from the Electoral Commission within 4 months of the election.[218]

Khan formally resigned from his position as MP for Tooting on 9 May, triggering a by-election,[219] which was held on 16 June.[220] On 16 June, Rosena Allin-Khan won the by-election in Tooting, with an increased majority.[221] A few months after the election, Goldsmith also pledged to resign as an MP if the government were to announce plans to build a third runway at Heathrow Airport.[222] Following the decision to build the runway, Goldsmith stood-down as MP for Richmond Park, triggering a by-election, in which Goldsmith stood as an independent candidate.[223] On 1 December 2016, Goldsmith saw his 23,000 majority overturned in the by-election by Sarah Olney of the Liberal Democrats, who achieved a 30% swing. Goldsmith's loss put down to his stance in favour of Britain's exit from the European Union where his constituency voted to remain.[224]

In 2017, Goldsmith regained his seat by overturning Olney's 2,000 majority and winning by 45 votes.[225] However in 2019, Goldsmith lost his seat again to Olney, this time by a margin of 7,766 votes.

Notes

  1. ^ A thirteenth prospective candidate submitted nomination forms, but they were rejected for being incomplete and containing "duplicate signatures".[23]

References

  1. ^ Peter Walker (21 March 2016). "Close, brutal and closely watched, battle begins for London mayor". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  2. ^ Hatterstone, Simon. "'It's ugly and dangerous': the inside story of the battle to be London mayor". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d "Sadiq Khan: Global figures and media react to London mayoral victory". BBC News. 7 May 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  4. ^ Walker, Peter; Slawson, Nicola (31 May 2018). "Conservatives under fire for failing to tackle party's Islamophobia". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  5. ^ a b c Forster-Mann, Katie (7 May 2016). "Ballot box 'discrepancies' cause delay in London mayoral election result". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  6. ^ a b "Results". BBC News. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
  7. ^ "2016 London Mayor Elections" (PDF). London Elects. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  8. ^ Assinder, Nick (8 May 1998). "Overwhelming vote for mayor". BBC News. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  9. ^ "What the Mayor of London and the London Assembly Do". London Elects. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  10. ^ "Q&A: London mayoral and London Assembly elections 2012". BBC News. 29 March 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  11. ^ "Johnson wins London mayoral race". BBC News. 3 May 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  12. ^ a b c Hill, Dave (14 May 2015). "Can Labour be stopped from winning back the London mayoralty?". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  13. ^ Brown, Richard (15 March 2016). "Five radical ideas for the new London mayor's to do list, including car-sharing, devolution and the green belt". City A.M. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  14. ^ Baston, Lewis (11 May 2015). "Labour Gains, Lib Dem Losses: Centre For London Analyses Our New Political Landscape". The Londonist. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  15. ^ "How to Vote". London Elects. Archived from the original on 8 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  16. ^ Elledge, Jonnk (2 May 2012). "London Elections: How The Voting System Works". The Londonist. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  17. ^ "How to Register to Vote". London Elects. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  18. ^ Kristy, Major (4 May 2016). "Thousands of London renters won't be able to vote this week - and it's Labour who will suffer". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  19. ^ Donovan, Tim (17 September 2015). "Tory London mayoral selection process 'chaotic compared to Labour'". BBC News. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  20. ^ a b c Wintour, Patrick (11 September 2015). "Sadiq Khan elected as Labour's candidate for mayor of London". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  21. ^ Mann, Sebastian (1 April 2016). "London Mayoral elections: Record 12 candidates in this year's City Hall race". Evening Standard. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  22. ^ "Nominations". London Elects. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  23. ^ a b "100 business leaders back Mayor contender Khan to be their 'friend at City Hall'" by Joe Murphy, London Evening Standard, 1 April 2016, West End final edition, p. 4
  24. ^ a b c d e f g "Who you can vote for". London Elects. Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  25. ^ a b c d "2016 London Mayoral Election". Conservative Party. 13 July 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  26. ^ Singleton, David (25 July 2015). "London mayoral dream over for Sol Campbell as Tories say no thanks". Total Politics. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  27. ^ "Conservative London Mayoral Selection". Conservative Party. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  28. ^ Goldsmith ran a postal ballot, at his own cost, of his Richmond Park constituency, asking the electorate whether they consented to him standing. He said he would not stand if the ballot result was no, but the result was 79% yes to 18% no, clearing the way for his candidacy
    "Zac Goldsmith's electorate back mayor bid". BBC News. 23 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  29. ^ "Zac Goldsmith chosen as Conservative London mayoral candidate". BBC News. 2 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  30. ^ Hosick, Martin (2 October 2015). "London Tories confirm Zac Goldsmith as 2016 mayoral runner". Mayor Watch. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  31. ^ Vidal, Jon (7 November 2002). "Can Zac save the planet?". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  32. ^ a b Tempest, Matthew (17 January 2006). "Green brief makes Goldsmith loosen reins at Ecologist". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  33. ^ Hill, David (2 October 2015). "Zac Goldsmith is the Tory candidate for London mayor: now let the battle of ideas begin". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  34. ^ Goldsmith, Zac (10 March 2015). "Direct Democracy: Making MPs Accountable to the Public" (PDF). Zac Goldsmith. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  35. ^ a b Wintour, Patrick (2 October 2015). "Zac Goldsmith named as Tory candidate for London mayor". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  36. ^ "Cameron's party chooses Eurosceptic and Heathrow critic as London mayor candidate". Reuters UK. 2 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  37. ^ Goldsmith, Zac (21 February 2016). "EU Referendum: The European Union has shown it is not willing to reform. It's time for us to leave". City AM. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  38. ^ Bienkov, Adam (18 September 2015). "Khan he win? Labour harbours doubts about beating Zac Goldsmith". Politics.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  39. ^ a b c d e f "London Mayoral Selection". London Labour. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  40. ^ "Profile: Sadiq Khan". BBC News. 3 February 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  41. ^ Harding, Eleanor (15 May 2010). "EXCLUSIVE: 'I'm backing Ed Miliband', says Sadiq Khan MP". Your Local Guardian. Wandsworth. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  42. ^ Khan, Sadiq; Harman, Harriet (11 May 2015). "Sadiq Khan resigns from Shadow Cabinet". Labour List. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  43. ^ "Sadiq Khan proposes a London Living Rent as part of his mayoral bid". Labour List. 26 May 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  44. ^ Morris, Nigel (24 July 2015). "Sadiq Khan: I will back introduction of a quota system for black officers in Met Police". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  45. ^ a b Khan, Sadiq. "Building more homes for Londoners". Sadiq Khan. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  46. ^ Grice, Andrew (12 August 2015). "Sadiq Khan: I will raise living wage in London to £10 an hour if I become Mayor". The Independent. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  47. ^ a b Mason, Rowena (2 July 2015). "A Muslim mayor of London would 'send message to the haters', says Sadiq Khan". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  48. ^ Bush, Stephen (9 June 2015). "Sadiq Khan will serve a full term as MP for Tooting if he becomes Mayor of London". New Statesman. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  49. ^ Donovan, Tim (11 September 2015). "Sadiq Khan wins Labour London mayoral selection". BBC News. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  50. ^ a b c d e f g Hoscik, Martin (5 August 2015). "Voting gets underway to select London Green Party's Mayoral candidate". MayorWatch. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  51. ^ a b c d Webber, Esther (3 September 2015). "London mayoral election: The contenders". BBC News. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  52. ^ a b Silvera, Ian (7 September 2015). "Green Mayor of London hopeful Sian Berry talks Jeremy Corbyn, pedestrianisation and Heathrow Airport". International Business Times. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  53. ^ Lo, Joe (2 September 2015). "BREAKING: Sian Berry to be Green's London Mayoral candidate". Bright Green. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  54. ^ a b "Green party selects Siân Berry as London mayoral candidate". The Guardian. Press Association. 2 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  55. ^ Berry, Sian. "Sian Berry". Campaign for Better Transport. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  56. ^ a b Mullholland, Helene (10 February 2008). "The Green goddess". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  57. ^ a b "Camden's Green Councillor". Camden Green Party. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  58. ^ Crerar, Pippa; Alwakeel, Ramzy (3 September 2015). "Green mayoral candidate Sian Berry: I'll cap rents and stop foreign business buying up new housing". Evening Standard. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  59. ^ a b Hill, Dave (3 September 2015). "Green Party mayoral candidate Sian Berry: growing a sustainable London". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  60. ^ Pack, Mark (8 August 2015). "London Lib Dems kick off candidate selection for Mayor and Assembly elections". Mark Pack. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  61. ^ a b "Six fight for Lib Dem London Mayor nomination". Liberal Democrat Voice. 24 June 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  62. ^ a b Harris, Stephen (19 August 2015). "Close friend of murdered teenager Stephen Lawrence pulls out of the race to be London's next mayor". ITV. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  63. ^ "Caroline Pidgeon: London women staying at home after giving birth is causing 'brain drain'". London Evening Standard. 23 June 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  64. ^ Nickerson, James (23 June 2015). "Liberal Democrat London Assembly leader Caroline Pidgeon announces bid to become Mayor of London". City A.M. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  65. ^ Hoscik, Martin (18 May 2016). "Caroline Pidgeon named as sole Liberal Democrat mayoral hopeful". MayorWatch. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  66. ^ Hill, Dave (20 August 2015). "The one-hour London bus ticket is not a Labour invention". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  67. ^ "Caroline Pidgeon announced as Lib Dem candidate for London Mayor". Liberal Democrat Voice. 17 September 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  68. ^ a b Pidgeon, Caroline. "Caroline Pidgeon". London Assembly. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  69. ^ "Caroline Pidgeon retains London Assembly seat". LondonSE1 Community Website. 5 May 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  70. ^ Jacobs, Luke (29 December 2012). "New Years Honours: London Assembly's Caroline Pidgeon made an MBE". London24. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  71. ^ a b Perraudin, Frances (17 September 2015). "Lib Dems select Caroline Pidgeon to fight London mayor election". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  72. ^ a b c Hardman, Isabel (26 August 2015). "Exclusive: Ukip wars threaten to reignite over mayoral race". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  73. ^ a b c Perraudin, Frances (6 August 2015). "Suzanne Evans seeks Ukip candidacy for mayor of London". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  74. ^ a b c d e "UKIP selects Peter Whittle as London mayoral candidate". BBC News. 26 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  75. ^ a b Banham, Mark (26 September 2015). "Ukip chooses Peter Whittle as London Mayor candidate ahead of deputy chair Suzanne Evans". International Business Times. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  76. ^ Duffy, Nick (13 August 2015). "Gay UKIP candidate Richard Hendron announces run for Mayor of London". PinkNews. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  77. ^ Dysch, Marcus (1 September 2015). "Lubavitcher Shneur Odze wants to be UKIP's London mayor candidate". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  78. ^ a b "UKIP announces Mayoral candidate and list for GLA". UKIP. 26 September 2015. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  79. ^ Duffy, Nick (26 September 2015). "UKIP picks gay candidate Peter Whittle to run for Mayor of London". Pink News. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  80. ^ "British National Party to field London mayoral candidate". BBC News. 22 October 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  81. ^ "Registration summary". Electoral Commission. 9 January 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  82. ^ "2016 Party registration decisions" (PDF). The Electoral Commission. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  83. ^ Edwards, Charlotte (4 November 2015). "George Galloway: I've always fancied being mayor – and next year I finally could be". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  84. ^ Colvile, Robert (2 January 2016). "Why George Galloway's luck may finally be running out". The Spectator. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  85. ^ York, Chris (27 September 2015). "Britain First's Paul Golding To Stand In London Mayoral Election". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  86. ^ Mogule, Priyanka (27 September 2015). "Britain First leader Paul Golding to run for London mayor: Wants to hang opponents". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  87. ^ York, Chris (10 March 2016). "Britain First's London Mayor Election Slogans Banned For Being 'Offensive'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  88. ^ Balls, Sam (6 January 2015). "Britain First leader Paul Golding found guilty of harassment and wearing a political uniform". Essex Chronicle. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  89. ^ Hopkins, Steven (15 February 2016). "Britain First Leader Paul Golding And Deputy Jayda Fransen Arrested Following Luton 'Christian Patrol'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  90. ^ Moore-Bridge, Benedict (8 February 2016). "Cannabis party candidate joins the race for London mayor". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  91. ^ Hancock, Edith (11 April 2016). "Is this the most regal election ever? Exiled emperor Ankit Love is running in the London mayoral elections, and wants to ban cars from the capital". City AM. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  92. ^ Ridley, Louise (8 September 2015). "Women's Equality Party leader Sophie Walker wants to end culture of 'white men in suits'". The Huffington Post. The Huffington Post Media Group. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  93. ^ Lo Dico, Joy (6 February 2016). "Sophie Walker: London is the worst place to live in the UK if you're a woman". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  94. ^ "Sophie Walker: the power of 4 million". Women's Equality Party. 2016. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  95. ^ Buchanan, Elsa (20 August 2015). "Polish prince renews challenge to Ukip leader Nigel Farage as he stands for Mayor of London". IB Times. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  96. ^ Barrie, Josh (12 April 2015). "General Election 2015: Polish prince challenges Nigel Farage to a duel over immigration question". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  97. ^ Davies, Gareth (16 December 2015). "A month after quitting Ukip in racism row, Winston McKenzie joins the English Democrats". Croydon Advertiser. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
  98. ^ a b Welsh, Daniel (25 January 2016). "'Celebrity Big Brother': Ofcom WON'T Be Investigating Winston McKenzie's Comments About Gay Men". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  99. ^ "By-election West Thornton". croydon.gov.uk. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  100. ^ Crowcroft, Orlando (23 January 2016). "Viva! Jonathan Silberman – Communist London Mayor hopeful dreams of Cuban revolution in Britain". International Business Times. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  101. ^ Laker, Laura (29 May 2015). "Anti-car campaigner who wants 50% journeys by bike to run for London Mayor". Road.cc. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  102. ^ a b Cantrell, Mark (14 May 2015). "New Era Estate campaigner Lindsey Garrett joins the fight to become next London Mayor". Housing Excellence. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  103. ^ Williams, Andrew (30 November 2015). "Rebooting Something New". Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  104. ^ Perkes, Barnaby (4 February 2016). "Opening hustings promises an engaging London Mayoral contest". London School of Economics. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  105. ^ Hosick, Martin (29 January 2016). "Lib Dem and UKIP candidates shine in first mayoral debate". MayorWatch. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  106. ^ "RTPI London: Mayoral Series 2015–2016". Royal Town Planning Institute. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  107. ^ Crane, Helen (24 February 2016). "Battle for mayor of London heats up". Property Week. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  108. ^ a b c Shales, Mark (10 February 2016). "Candidates clash over Uber and EU at London Mayoral tech debate". Newham Recorder. Archived from the original on 22 February 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  109. ^ Hill, Dave (7 March 2016). "London mayor race: high ideals and deep denials at Green Alliance debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  110. ^ "LBC to host London Mayoral election debate". Radio Today. 17 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  111. ^ "Join City A.M. for a live mayoral debate clash". City A.M. 31 March 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
  112. ^ Al-Othman, Hannah (12 April 2016). "Zac Goldsmith and Sadiq Khan clash over race in fierce head-to-head at Mayoral hustings". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  113. ^ Neilan, Catherine (12 April 2016). "City A.M. debate: Watch the key moments from our head-to-head between mayoral candidates Zac Goldsmith and Sadiq Khan". City AM. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  114. ^ Sparrow, Andrew (19 April 2016). "London mayoral hustings: Zac Goldsmith denies ever calling Sadiq Khan extremist – as it happened". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  115. ^ a b Balls, Katy (18 April 2016). "BBC mayoral debate: Sadiq and Zac try to set the record straight over 'extremism' allegations". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  116. ^ a b Proto, Laura (22 April 2016). "Sadiq Khan and Zac Goldsmith clash on housing, security and transport at Evening Standard mayoral debate". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  117. ^ Ponsford, Dominic (18 February 2016). "National press print ABCs for January: Mirror losing ground against cut-price Star ahead of new launch". Press Gazette. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  118. ^ "Evening Standard comment: Our manifesto for the next London mayor". London Evening Standard. 4 May 2016.
  119. ^ "Voice of the Mirror: Zac Goldsmith's London Mayor campaign has been shameful". Daily Mirror. 1 May 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  120. ^ "Zac Goldsmith will put Londoners first". The Daily Telegraph. 30 April 2016.
  121. ^ "The Guardian view on London's mayoral race: elect Citizen Khan". The Guardian. London. 29 April 2016.
  122. ^ "Leader: London is calling Sadiq Khan". New Statesman. 27 April 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  123. ^ "London's mayoral race falls short in every way". FT View. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  124. ^ "Rebooting Something New". Something New. 30 November 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  125. ^ "Labour to elect 2016 London mayoral candidate". BBC News. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  126. ^ Osborne, Hiliary (18 September 2015). "London house prices 'cutting off' graduates from best jobs". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  127. ^ a b c Phibbs, Harry (19 August 2015). "Conservative Mayoral candidates on the issues: 3) Housing". Conservative Home. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  128. ^ Crear, Pippa; Alwakeel, Ramzy (3 September 2015). "Green mayoral candidate Sian Berry: I'll cap rents and stop foreign business buying up new housing". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  129. ^ a b c Nickersen, James (8 September 2015). "Zac Goldsmith: The green Tory gunning for Londoners' votes in the 2016 mayoral election". City A.M. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  130. ^ Nickersen, James (23 June 2015). "Liberal Democrat London Assembly leader Caroline Pidgeon announces bid to become Mayor of London". City A.M. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  131. ^ Phibbs, Harry (18 August 2015). "Conservative Mayoral candidates on the issues: 4) Transport". Conservative Home. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  132. ^ de Peyer, Robin (9 June 2015). "Sadiq Khan pledges to freeze bus and Tube fares". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  133. ^ Stone, Jon (20 November 2015). "Mayor of London Tory candidate Zac Goldsmith says there'll be 'no point' in having bus lanes in two to three years because we'll all be driving electric cars". Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  134. ^ "Transport". Sadiq Khan. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  135. ^ Bowden, Andrew (4 September 2015). "Stop Killing Cyclists launches Safer Cycling Challenge for London Mayoral campaign". Road.cc. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  136. ^ Elton-Walters, Jack (9 February 2016). "Zac Goldsmith: 'I'll rip up London's cycle superhighways if they don't work'". Cycling Weekly. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  137. ^ Wynn, Nigel (15 December 2015). "'I'll make London a byword for cycling around the world' says Labour mayor candidate". Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  138. ^ Hoscik, Martin (3 July 2015). "Green, Tory, Labour & Lib Dem mayoral hopefuls vow to block Heathrow expansion". MayorWatch. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  139. ^ Murphy, Joe (16 June 2015). "Labour mayor contender Sadiq Khan rejects building third runway at Heathrow". The Independent. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  140. ^ Williams, Joe (22 September 2015). "Labour's Sadiq Khan pledges 'zero tolerance' approach to homophobic crime". Pink News. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  141. ^ Pidgeon, Caroline (6 May 2015). "London's knife crime problem, no longer on the political agenda?". Mayor Watch. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  142. ^ Berry, Sian (August 2015). "If contesting the May 2016 election, would you commit to renewing again London's pioneering Violence Against Women and Girls Strategy?" (PDF). End Violence Against Women. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  143. ^ Phibbs, Andrew (30 September 2015). "Conservative Mayoral candidates on the issues: 5) The environment". Conservative Home. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  144. ^ a b Nickerson, James (8 September 2015). "Zac Goldsmith: The green Tory gunning for Londoners' votes in the 2016 mayoral election". City A.M. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  145. ^ Taylor, Matthew (24 September 2015). "Sadiq Khan promises to plant 2m trees in London if elected mayor". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  146. ^ "YouGov Survey Results" (PDF). YouGov. 12 August 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  147. ^ Addley, Esther (2 October 2015). "London mayoral race: Zac Goldsmith v Sadiq Khan". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  148. ^ McLennan, William (1 October 2015). "Tory mayoral hopeful Zac Goldsmith says crowdsourced cops are 'not an outlandish idea'". Camden New Journal. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  149. ^ "Evening Standard Comment: Sadiq Khan's surprise victory as Labour's mayoral candidate". London Evening Standard. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  150. ^ Dodd, Vikram; Booth, Robert; MacAskill, Esther (6 December 2015). "Leytonstone knife attack: police step up patrols after 'terrorist incident'". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  151. ^ Hill, David (20 November 2015). "Sadiq Khan's words on Islamists and Britain were authentic and shrewd". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  152. ^ Crerar, Pippa; Cecil, Nicholas (19 November 2015). "Sadiq Khan: UK Muslims must do more to root out cancer of extremism". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  153. ^ Hill, Dave (8 December 2016). "London mayor: Zac Goldsmith must be careful with his negative campaign". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  154. ^ Cecil, Nicholas (7 December 2015). "Mayor battle heats up as Zac Goldsmith accuses Sadiq Khan of 'divisive and radical politics'". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  155. ^ Taylor, Rebecca (5 January 2016). "Zac Goldsmith accuses London Mayoral rival Sadiq Khan of 'playing the race card' in BBC Radio 4 interview". Wandsworth Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  156. ^ McCann, Kate (11 December 2015). "David Cameron has abandoned plans for a third runway at Heathrow, senior Conservative claims". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  157. ^ Donovan, Tim (7 January 2016). "How important are transport pledges on the mayoral election?". BBC. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  158. ^ "Boris Johnson and Sadiq Khan clash over Tube strikes". ITV. 11 January 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  159. ^ "Sadiq Khan Winning Race To Be London Mayor: Poll". LBC. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  160. ^ Hill, Dave (10 January 2016). "London mayor race: can Zac Goldsmith catch Sadiq Khan?". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  161. ^ Wintour, Patrick (21 February 2016). "Cameron has secured his EU deal, so what happens now?". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  162. ^ Watt, Nicholas (21 February 2016). "Boris Johnson to campaign for Brexit in EU referendum". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  163. ^ a b Eaton, George (21 February 2016). "Zac Goldsmith's support for EU exit is another boost for Sadiq Khan". New Statesman. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  164. ^ Barber, Lynsey (21 February 2016). "EU referendum: Zac Goldsmith wants to leave the EU but Sadiq Khan and Caroline Pidgeon side with "stay" as Mayor of London candidates decide positions". City AM. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  165. ^ Phillips, Tom (8 February 2016). "EU are doing it wrong: Green Party criticise Cameron's proposals and Google tax deal". SW Londoner. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  166. ^ Bienkov, Adam (15 March 2016). "Zac Goldsmith warns ethnic minorities that Sadiq Khan will put their family jewellery at risk". politics.co.uk. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  167. ^ a b Holdsworth, Rachel (20 March 2016). "Mayoral Election Digest: Zac Accuses Sadiq Of Going After The Family Jewels". Londonist. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  168. ^ a b c Hoscik, Martin (21 March 2016). "New poll puts Khan ahead as City Hall race officially gets underway". Mayorwatch. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  169. ^ Jones, Owen (30 March 2016). "Is Cameron proud of Zac Goldsmith's toxic mayoral campaign in the capital?". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  170. ^ a b "Poll shows Sadiq Khan leads Zac Goldsmith by six points in mayoral race". ITV News. 21 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  171. ^ "YouGov Survey Results" (PDF). YouGov. 10 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  172. ^ Nickerson, James (21 March 2016). "London mayoral election 2016: Official start to campaign kicks off as poll reveals Labour's Sadiq Khan ahead of Conservatives' Zac Goldsmith". City AM. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  173. ^ a b "London mayoral election: Sadiq Khan pledges to name 'bad' landlords". BBC News. 9 March 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  174. ^ Mason, Rowena (8 March 2016). "Make me mayor and I'll close gender pay gap, says Sadiq Khan". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  175. ^ "Green party's Sian Berry launches London mayor campaign manifesto". Left Foot Forward. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  176. ^ Holdsowrth, Rachel (10 April 2016). "Mayoral Election Digest: Where's Zac?". The Londonist. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  177. ^ a b c d Crerar, Pippa (12 April 2016). "Zac Goldsmith pledges 500,000 new jobs for Londoners". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  178. ^ Ramesh, Randeep (12 April 2016). "Zac Goldsmith accuses Sadiq Khan of 'giving cover to extremists'". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  179. ^ Cooper, Yvette (13 April 2017). "Zac Goldsmith's dog-whistle is becoming a racist scream". The Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
  180. ^ Chakelian, Annosh (6 April 2016). "The racial politics of Zac Goldsmith's London mayoral campaign". New Statesman. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
  181. ^ Bennett, Owen (12 April 2016). "Zac Goldsmith: It's Absurd To Call Me A Racist". Huffington Post. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
  182. ^ Cecil, Nicholas (22 April 2016). "London Mayoral election: Zac Goldsmith has 'mountain to climb' as Sadiq Khan stretches poll lead". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  183. ^ Atkinson, Andrew (1 May 2016). "Anti-Semitism Row Seen Damaging Labour in London Mayor Election". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  184. ^ Bienkov, Adam (29 April 2016). "Sadiq Khan holds his nerve as new poll suggests he's cruising to victory". Politics UK. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  185. ^ Quinn, Ben (29 April 2016). "London mayoral race: Zac Goldsmith wins backing of Polish prince". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  186. ^ a b "Election day: Investigation into turned-away Barnet voters". BBC News. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
  187. ^ a b "Counting the votes". London Elects. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
  188. ^ Akkoc, Raziye; Riley-Smith, Ben; Wilkinson, Michael (8 May 2016). "'Hope over fear': How Sadiq Khan won the mayoral election race". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  189. ^ "London Mayor Results". BBC News. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  190. ^ "YouGov / Evening Standard Survey Results" (PDF). YouGov. 4 May 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  191. ^ "LBC/ITV London Mayoral Poll May 2016". ComRes. 4 May 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  192. ^ "TNS Poll: Sadiq Khan on course to be the next London Mayor". TNS UK. 4 May 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  193. ^ Wells, Anthony (3 May 2016). "Polling on Thursday's Elections". UK Polling Report. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  194. ^ Lyons-Lowe, Damian (25 April 2016). "A desire for the next London Mayor to make London a "fairer" city". Survation. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  195. ^ "YouGov / Evening Standard Survey Results" (PDF). YouGov. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  196. ^ "ITV London / LBC London Mayoral Survey" (PDF). ComRes. 3 April 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  197. ^ Wells, Anthony (4 April 2016). "Latest GB and London voting intentions". Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  198. ^ "ITV London/LBC Mayoral Poll March 2016". ComRes. 21 March 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  199. ^ "YouGov Survey Results" (PDF). YouGov. 10 March 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  200. ^ Wells, Anthony (8 March 2016). "Opinium Show Khan Ahead in Mayoral Race". UK Polling Report. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  201. ^ "YouGov / LBC Survey Results" (PDF). YouGov. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  202. ^ "YouGov / Shelter Survey Results" (PDF). YouGov. 21 November 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  203. ^ "YouGov / Evening Standard Survey Results" (PDF). YouGov. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  204. ^ "London Mayoral Poll" (PDF). Survation. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  205. ^ a b c d e f Dahlgreen, Will (13 August 2015). "Goldsmith closing the gap on Jowell in London mayoral race". YouGov. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  206. ^ Allen, Kate (6 May 2016). "Recriminations start over Zac Goldsmith's London campaign". Financial Times. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  207. ^ Bagehot (6 May 2016). "Recriminations start over Zac Goldsmith's London campaign". The Economist. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  208. ^ Jones, Owen (7 May 2016). "Forgive and forget Zac Goldsmith's racist campaign? No chance". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  209. ^ Smith, Mike; Bloom, Dan (7 May 2016). "Election results 2016 recap: Sadiq Khan ends day of announcements with landslide victory in London". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  210. ^ Stewart, Heather (8 May 2016). "Sadiq Khan widens rift with Jeremy Corbyn over Labour's 'pick sides' strategy". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  211. ^ Khan, Sadiq. "Sadiq Khan: We cannot win with Corbyn ... so I will vote for Owen Smith". The Guardian.
  212. ^ "SLondon chooses hope over fear, says new mayor". Reuters (video). 7 May 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  213. ^ Allegretti, Aubrey (9 May 2016). "Sadiq Khan Publicly Congratulated By William Shatner And Hillary Clinton, But Not David Cameron". Huffington Post. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  214. ^ Roberts, Rachel (10 May 2016). "Haringey's London Assembly Member, Joanne McCartney, announced as Sadiq Khan's Deputy Mayor". Hampstead and Highgate Express. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  215. ^ Forster, Katie (7 May 2016). "London Mayor election: Green Party wins the second-preference vote". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  216. ^ Forster, Katie; Cooper, Chris (7 May 2016). "Women's Equality Party gets more than 350,000 votes and beats George Galloway in London". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  217. ^ Colville, Robert (7 May 2016). "Women's Equality Party gets more than 350,000 votes and beats George Galloway in London". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  218. ^ Fenton, Siobhan (21 August 2016). "George Galloway's Respect Party deregisters, prompting speculation politician may rejoin Labour". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  219. ^ Tom Marshall (9 May 2016). "Tooting by-election triggered after Sadiq Khan stands down as MP". Evening Standard. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  220. ^ "Tooting by-election will be held on June 16". Wandsworth Council. 11 May 2016. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  221. ^ Quinn, Ben. "Labour's Rosena Allin-Khan holds Tooting in byelection". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  222. ^ Gil, Martha (13 October 2016). "Zac Goldsmith 'Would Run As Independent' If Heathrow Goes Ahead". Huffington Post. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  223. ^ Wilkinson, Michael. "Zac Goldsmith quits as Tory MP for Richmond Park over Heathrow airport expansion". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  224. ^ Walker, Peter (2 December 2016). "Zac Goldsmith loses to Lib Dems in 'shockwave' Richmond Park byelection". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  225. ^ "Zac Goldsmith retakes Richmond Park". BBC News. 9 June 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2019.

External links

Elections and referendums in London
(2015 ←)   2016 United Kingdom local elections   (→ 2017)
Categories