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((short description|Possible additional terrorist in the September 11 attacks of 2001))
((Use mdy dates|date=June 2013))
((More citations needed|date=September 2009))

The '''20th hijacker''' is a possible additional [[Terrorism|terrorist]] in the [[September 11 attacks]] of 2001 who, for unknown reasons, was unable to participate. The 20th hijacker, though not present during the actual attacks, is said to have been deeply involved in the preparations.<ref name=cnn/> There were many variations of the 9/11 plot, with the number of terrorists fluctuating with available resources and changing circumstances. In the end, there were [[Hijackers in the September 11 attacks|19 hijackers]]: three of the planes were taken over by five members each and the fourth was hijacked by four people. The latter plane, [[United Airlines Flight 93]], crashed into a field near [[Shanksville, Pennsylvania]], due to the resistance from passengers before it could reach its target in [[Washington, D.C.]]

==Hijackers==
[[Ramzi bin al-Shibh]] allegedly meant to take part in the attacks and may have been the intended hijacker-pilot of [[American Airlines Flight 77]], but he was repeatedly denied a [[visa (document)|visa]] for entry into the US.<ref name="usatoday">((cite news| last =Smith| first =Elliot Blair| title =U.S. blood 'all over his hands'| publisher =USA Today| url =https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002-09-15-1acover_x.htm| access-date =February 13, 2007| date =September 17, 2002| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120714013129/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002-09-15-1acover_x.htm| archive-date =July 14, 2012| url-status =live))</ref> His role as one of the four hijacker-pilots preceded [[Hani Hanjour]].

[[Mohammed al-Qahtani]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n citizen, is often referred to as the 20th hijacker. [[José Meléndez-Pérez]], a [[Immigration and Naturalization Service|U.S. Immigration]] inspector at [[Orlando International Airport]], refused his entry into the U.S. in August 2001. He was later captured in [[Afghanistan]] and imprisoned at the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military]] prison known as [[Camp X-Ray]] at [[Guantanamo Bay Detainment Camp|Guantanamo Bay]], [[Cuba]].<ref name="qahtani">((cite news| last =Shenon| first =Philip| title =Panel Says a Deported Saudi Was Likely '20th' Hijacker| work =The New York Times| url =https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/27/politics/27TERR.html?ex=1390539600&en=b8103e74d803a2df&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND| access-date =23 April 2015| date =January 27, 2004| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151022202108/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/27/politics/27TERR.html?ex=1390539600&en=b8103e74d803a2df&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND| archive-date =October 22, 2015| url-status =live))</ref>  In January 2009, [[Susan J. Crawford]] asserted that Qahtani's interrogation at [[Camp X-Ray]] amounted to torture.

[[Zacarias Moussaoui]], a French citizen of Moroccan origin, has widely been referred to as the 20th hijacker. Moussaoui may have been considered as a replacement for [[Ziad Jarrah]], who at one point threatened to withdraw from the scheme because of tensions amongst the plotters. Plans to include Moussaoui were never finalized, as the al-Qaeda hierarchy had doubts about his reliability. Ultimately, Moussaoui did not play a role in the hijacking scheme. He was arrested about four weeks before the attacks.<ref name=cnn>((cite news|work=[[CNN]]|title=New allegations of Saudi involvement in 9/11|date=4 February 2015|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/03/politics/9-11-attacks-saudi-arabia-involvement/|access-date=23 April 2015|first=Jim|last=Sciutto|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301223542/https://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/03/politics/9-11-attacks-saudi-arabia-involvement/|archive-date=March 1, 2019|url-status=live))</ref>  Moussaoui is now serving a life sentence for his involvement in the 9/11 attacks. He pleaded guilty in 2005 to collaborating with the other hijackers.((citation needed|date=August 2022)) Moussaoui claimed he and [[Richard Reid]] unsuccessfully attempted to hijack a plane on 9/11.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/21/us/21moussaoui.html?_r=1 |last=Lewis |first=Neil A. |title=Prosecutors Concede Doubts About Moussaoui's Story |date=21 April 2006 |work=New York Times |access-date=February 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812191209/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/21/us/21moussaoui.html?_r=1 |archive-date=August 12, 2018 |url-status=live ))</ref>

According to the [[BBC]], [[Fawaz al-Nashimi]] claimed to have been the "20th hijacker".   An al-Qaeda video has been released from a US intelligence organization, showing al-Nashimi justifying attacks on the west. The U.S dismissed al-Nashimi's claims as propaganda.<ref name = "BBC">((cite news| title='Al-Qaeda video' of 20th hijacker| date=June 21, 2006| publisher=BBC| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5101954.stm| access-date=June 21, 2006| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820000611/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5101954.stm| archive-date=August 20, 2006| url-status=live))</ref> He was also known as Turki bin Fuheid al-Muteiry and took part in a [[2004 Khobar massacre|May 29, 2004, attack]] on oil facilities in Khobar, Saudi Arabia. He was killed in a June 2004 shootout with Saudi Arabian security forces.<ref name = "Associated Press">((cite news| first=Katherine| last=Shrader| title=al-Qaida Video Shows Alleged 20th Hijacker| date=June 21, 2006| publisher=Associated Press| url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/wireStory?id=2101264| access-date=June 23, 2006| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629093912/https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/wireStory?id=2101264| archive-date=June 29, 2011| url-status=live))</ref>

The other al-Qaeda members who allegedly attempted, but were not able, to take part in the attacks were Saeed al-Ghamdi (not to be confused with the successful hijacker of the same name), [[Tawfiq bin Attash]], [[Ali Abdul Aziz Ali (Guantanamo captive 10018)|Ali Abdul Aziz Ali]], [[Mushabib al-Hamlan]], [[Abderraouf Jdey]], [[Zakariya Essabar]], [[Khalid Saeed Ahmad al-Zahrani]], [[Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Faqasi al-Ghamdi]], Saeed al-Baluchi, Qutaybah al-Najdi, Zuhair al-Thubaiti, and Saud al-Rashi. [[Khalid Sheikh Mohammed]], the attack's alleged mastermind, had wanted to remove at least one member&nbsp;– [[Khalid al-Mihdhar]]&nbsp;– from the operation, but he was overruled by [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref>((cite book|last=Kean|first=Thomas|url=http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/05aug20041050/www.gpoaccess.gov/911/pdf/fullreport.pdf|title=Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States|date=July 22, 2004|publisher=US Government Printing Office|isbn=0-16-072304-3|pages=237|quote=''Mihdhar complained about life in the United States. He met with KSM, who remained annoyed at his decision to go AWOL. But KSM's desire to drop him from the operation yielded to Bin Ladin's insistence to keep him.''|display-authors=etal|author-link=Thomas Kean|access-date=October 5, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060831204842/http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/05aug20041050/www.gpoaccess.gov/911/pdf/fullreport.pdf|archive-date=August 31, 2006|url-status=dead))</ref>

==In popular culture==
The Saudi Arabian novelist [[Abdullah Thabit]] wrote a 2006 novel titled ''Terrorist Number 20'' that became a bestseller. The book recalls his teenage years as a religious extremist and was inspired in part by [[Ahmed al-Nami]], one of the 9/11 hijackers and a fellow resident of [[Abha]] who was vaguely familiar to Thabit. In April 2006, three months after the release of the book, Thabit was forced to move from Abha to [[Jeddah]] with his family after receiving death threats.<ref>((cite web|title=Interview with Abdullah Thabit in Washington Post - R A Y A - agency for Arabic literature|url=http://www.rayaagency.org/2010/09/interview-with-abdullah-thabit-in-washington-post/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714023950/http://www.rayaagency.org/2010/09/interview-with-abdullah-thabit-in-washington-post/|archive-date=July 14, 2018|access-date=January 9, 2012|work=rayaagency.org))</ref>

== See also ==
* [[USS Cole bombing#Alleged mastermind|USS ''Cole'' bombing mastermind]] ((ndash)) Multiple individuals were alleged to be the mastermind of the [[USS Cole bombing|USS ''Cole'' bombing]].

==References==
<references />

((9-11 hijackers))
((Sept11))

((DEFAULTSORT:20th Hijacker))
[[Category:September 11 attacks]]

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