222nd Coastal Division
Active1942 – 1943
Country Kingdom of Italy
Branch Royal Italian Army
SizeDivision
Garrison/HQBuccoli
EngagementsWorld War II
Insignia
Identification
symbol
222nd Coastal Division gorget patches

The 222nd Coastal Division (Italian: 222ª Divisione Costiera) was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II.[1] Royal Italian Army coastal divisions were second line divisions formed with reservists and equipped with second rate materiel. They were often commanded by officers called out of retirement.[2]

History

The division was activated on 15 April 1942 in Naples by uniting the two coastal defense sectors "Salerno" and "Sapri".[3] From April to December 1942 the division was assigned to XXX Army Corps, which then moved to Tunisia and was destroyed in the Tunisian Campaign. For the rest of its existence the division was assigned to XIX Army Corps.[1] The division had its headquarter in Buccoli a subdivision of Battipaglia and was responsible for the coastal defense of the coast of southern Campania between the lighthouse of Capo d'Orso in Maiori and the mouth of the river Noce at Castrocucco. The division's area included the Gulf of Salerno, where on 9 September 1943 the British-American US Fifth Army landed.[4] The Harbor Defense Command Naples, which had responsibility for the coastal defense of the Gulf of Naples was attached to the division from 1943.[1]

After the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile in the evening of 8 September 1943 German forces ambushed the division's commander General Ferrante Vincenzo Gonzaga and his staff and demanded he order his troops to disarm and that he surrender his gun. Gonzaga, who had already issued orders to his units to refuse German requests to hand over their weapons, and to regroup and prepare to fight the Germans, refused to comply. After having refused the German demands Gonzaga was shot dead by the Germans, who then proceeded to disarm and disband his division in Operation Achse.[5] The next morning allied troops landed at Salerno and the remnants of the division dissolved quickly and left the area.[4]

After the war General Gonzaga was awarded Italy's highest military decoration the Gold Medal of Military Valor for his courage.[6]

Organization

Attached to the division:[1]

Commanding officers

The division's commanding officers were:[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Bollettino dell'Archivio dell'Ufficio Storico N.II-3 e 4 2002. Rome: Ministero della Difesa - Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito - Ufficio Storico. 2002. p. 374. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  2. ^ Jowett p 6
  3. ^ Circolare n. 29900 del 29/03/1942 dello S.M.R.E. Uff. Ordinamento - 2a Sezione. "Cronistoria dei reparti costieri". Regio Esercito. Retrieved 11 November 2021.((cite web)): CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ a b c "222a Divisione Costiera". Regio Esercito. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  5. ^ Cervi, Mario (2006-09-08). "Ferrante Gonzaga il generale che non si arrese". ilgiornale.it. Retrieved 2019-11-09.
  6. ^ "Don Ferrante Vincenzo Gonzaga del Vodice". President of Italy. Retrieved 12 November 2021.


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