31st Battalion, CEF
Distinguishing patch
Active	17 November 1914 – 15 September 1920
Disbanded	15 September 1920
Country	Canada
Branch	Canadian Expeditionary Force
Type	Infantry
Size	1,030 soldiers
Part of	6th Brigade, 2nd Canadian Division
Mobilization headquarters	Calgary
Nickname(s)	'Bell's Bulldogs'
Mascot(s)	'Heinie' (Russian pony)
Engagements	St. Eloi Craters, Ypres, Vierstraat, The Somme, Vimy Ridge, Lens, Passchendaele, Amiens, Arras, Cambrai, Valencienne, Mons
Battle honours	Mount Sorrel Somme, 1916 Flers–Courcelette Thiepval Ridge Ancre Heights Arras, 1917, '18 Vimy, 1917 Arleux Scarpe, 1917 Hill 70 Ypres, 1917 Passchendaele Somme, 1918 Amiens Scarpe, 1918 Drocourt–Quéant Hindenburg Line Canal du Nord Cambrai, 1918 Pursuit to Mons France and Flanders, 1915–18
Commanders
Notable commanders	LCol Arthur Henry Bell, CMG, DSO LCol Nelson Spencer

The 31st Battalion (Alberta), CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War. The battalion recruited in Alberta and was mobilized at Calgary. The battalion was authorized in November 1914 and embarked for Britain on 17 May 1915. On 18 September 1915 it disembarked in France, where it fought with the 6th Infantry Brigade, 2nd Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The battalion was disbanded in August 1920.

History

The battalion was raised at Calgary, and started recruitment in Alberta, on 7 November 1914.^[1][2]

The battalion commander until late in the war was Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Henry Bell of Calgary. On 17 May 1915, the battalion sailed for England on RMS Carpathia, with a complement of 36 officers and 1033 other ranks.^[2] After initial training in England, the battalion fought in Belgium and France, and was often at the forefront of the fighting at St. Eloi Craters, the Ypres Salient, Vimy Ridge (Thélus Village), Fresnoy, Somme, Second Battle of Passchendaele, the Battle of Amiens (1918), the Battle of Arras (1917), Battle of Drocourt-Quéant Line, Valenciennes, Mons, and the occupation of the Rhineland.

The battalion captured a Siberian pony from the Germans, which apparently had been captured from the Russians earlier in the war. The Canadians named this pony Heinie, and it became the 31st Battalion's mascot. After the war the 31st brought Heinie to Alberta, where it worked until at least the late 1920s for the Dominion Parks Branch near Banff, Alberta.^[3]

The bulk of the battalion returned to Canada on SS Cedric on 27 May 1919, and to Calgary on 1 June 1919, with the unit's disbandment occurring on 30 August 1920.^[2]

Through the course of the First World War, the 31st Battalion suffered losses of 941 dead, and an additional 2,312 non-fatal casualties. A total of 4,487 men served in the battalion.

Perpetuation

The 31st Battalion (Alberta), CEF, is perpetuated by the South Alberta Light Horse. Perpetuation of the 31st Battalion was assigned to The Alberta Regiment in 1920. When this regiment split in 1924, both the South Alberta Regiment and the North Alberta Regiment carried the perpetuation. The North Albertas disbanded in 1936. The South Alberta Regiment merged into the South Alberta Light Horse (29th Armoured Regiment) in 1954.^[2]

Commanding Officers

The 31st battalion had three Officers Commanding:

• Lieutenant-Colonel A.H. Bell, DSO, 29 May 1915 – 23 April 1918
• Lieutenant-Colonel E.S. Doughty, DSO, 23 April 1918 – 6 October 1918
• Lieutenant-Colonel N. Spencer, DSO, 6 October 1918-Demobilization^[1]

Battle honours

The 31st Battalion was awarded the following honours:^[1]

• Mount Sorrel
• Somme, 1916, '18
• Flers–Courcelette
• Thiepval
• Ancre Heights
• Ancre, 1916
• Arras, 1917, '18
• Vimy, 1917
• Arleux
• Scarpe, 1917, '18
• Hill 70
• Ypres, 1917
• Passchendaele
• Amiens
• Drocourt–Quéant
• Hindenburg Line
• Canal du Nord
• Cambrai, 1918
• Pursuit to Mons
• France and Flanders, 1915–18