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((more citations needed|date=December 2012))
((Use American English|date=June 2015))
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2019))
((Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 44th Bombardment Squadron
| image= 44thbombsquadron-emblem.jpg
| image_size = 250
|caption= Emblem of the 44th Bombardment Squadron
|dates= 1941–1964
|country= [[United States]]
|allegiance=
|branch= [[United States Air Force]]
|type=
|role= Bombardment
|size=
|command_structure=
|current_commander=
|garrison=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|nickname=
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=[[World War II]]
|notable_commanders=
|anniversaries=
))
The '''44th Bombardment Squadron''' is an inactive [[United States Air Force]] unit.  Its last assignment was with the [[40th Bombardment Wing]], based at [[Forbes Air Force Base]], [[Kansas]].  It was inactivated on 1 September 1964.

==Heraldry==
Emblem: On and over a blue disc edged in gold a falcon affronte in red, white, and black, outlined in yellow, with wings displayed and carrying a yellow aerial bomb. (Approved 7 February 1942)

==History==
===World War II===

====Antisubmarine Warfare====
Established in [[Puerto Rico]], the unit was activated 1 April 1941 as the '''44th Bombardment Squadron (Medium)''' and assigned to the '''[[40th Air Expeditionary Wing|40th Bombardment Group (Medium)]]'''. It trained with borrowed [[B-18 Bolo]] medium bombers and slowly received its own equipment.

Following the Japanese [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]], the Squadron was ordered to [[Panama]], and arrived at [[Balboa, Panama|Balboa, Panama Canal Zone]], on 5 June 1942. On 2 July 1942, the unit was redesignated as the 44th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), following the air echelon's move to [[Guatemala City Air Base]], [[Guatemala]] on 23 June. There the unit transitioned onto [[Boeing B-17E Flying Fortress]]es and, following familiarization with the much larger and complex aircraft, were almost immediately tasked with antisubmarine patrols duties between [[Guatemala City]] and the [[Galapagos Islands]], the third-longest patrol route ever assigned any unit of the Air Corps to that time.<ref>((cite web|first=William |last=Conaway |url= http://www.planesandpilotsofww2.totalh.net/panama/44thbshistorytem.htm |title=44th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) |work=VI Bomber Command in Defense of the Panama Canal 1941–45 |access-date=23 November 2013))</ref>

By 7 March 1943, still at Guatemala City, the Squadron had a mix of five B-17Es and three [[Consolidated B-24D Liberator]]s.  By 11 April, all of the B-17Es were transferred out and replaced by B-24Ds.  The unit was moved to [[Howard Field]], [[Panama Canal Zone]] on 19 May 1943 in preparation for its return to the United States, as the need for such a large number of bomber squadrons on the Pacific patrol routes had diminished. The unit left the [[Sixth Air Force]] on 15 June 1943.

====B-29 Superfortress era====
Assigned to [[Pratt Army Airfield]], Kansas in July 1943, being re-manned with new personnel.   Received prototype and early production-model [[Boeing B-29 Superfortress]] very heavy bombers.   Trained under [[Second Air Force]] for an extended period due to [[Boeing]] technicians making modifications of B-29 aircraft.    Deployed to the new [[XX Bomber Command]] as part of the [[58th Bombardment Wing]] in the [[China-Burma-India Theater]], flying to bases in [[India]] via South Atlantic Transport route; across central [[Africa]], [[Arabia]] to [[Karachi]].   Additional modifications of B-29s were necessary in India to accommodate very high ground temperatures of ((convert|115|F)).

From airfields in eastern India, engaged in very long range bombardment raids on [[Japan]].  The squadron participated in the first American Air Force attack on the Japanese Home Islands since the 1942 [[Doolittle raid]] on 15/16 June 1944, attacking the Imperial Iron and Steel Works at [[Yawata]] on [[Kyushu]] by using its forward staging base at [[Hsinching Airfield]] (A-1), China, for refueling.<ref name="B-29">Mann, Robert A. (2009), The B-29 Superfortress: A Comprehensive Registry of the Planes and Their Missions, McFarland, ((ISBN|0-7864-4458-4))</ref> Performed a total of nine missions to Japan, also engaged in very long range attacks against enemy targets in [[Thailand]], [[Manchuria]], [[Borneo]], [[Formosa]], [[Burma]], [[British Malaya|Malaya]], Japanese-occupied China, [[Singapore]], [[Saigon]] and [[Cam Rahn Bay]], [[French Indochina]].  Also engaged in aerial mining of Japanese-occupied seaports in Thailand Malaya and French Indochina.<ref name="B-29"/>

Advance of American forces in the Central Pacific though the [[Northern Mariana Islands]] made new airfields available within the effective bombing range of Japan.   Moved to West Field on [[Tinian]] in April 1945, becoming part of the new [[XXI Bomber Command]].   From the Marianas, engaged in very long range strategic attacks on Japan, its first mission being on 5 May 1945 against the Hiro Naval Aircraft Factory in [[Kure]].   Air attacks over Japan were initially high-altitude daylight bombing missions against industrial, transportation and military targets, largely ineffective due to high upper level winds dispersing bombs over a wide area.   By July, began low-level large area night incendiary raids on urban areas, and dropped mines in Japanese shipping lanes. Continued aerial assaults until the Japanese Capitulation in August 1945, final combat mission taking place on 9/10 August attacking the [[Hikari, Yamaguchi|Hikari]] Naval Arsenal.<ref name="B-29"/>

After [[V-J Day]], the squadron dropped food and supplies to Allied prisoners in Japan, [[Korea]], and Formosa, and took part in show-of-force missions.   Demobilized on [[Tinian]] in 1946, aircraft being returned to the United States for storage.   Inactivated as a paper unit in October.

===Strategic Air Command===
Reactivated in 1953 under [[Strategic Air Command]], receiving then second-line B-29s for training and organization.  Replaced the propeller-driven B-29s with new [[B-47E Stratojet]] swept-wing medium bombers in 1954, capable of flying at high subsonic speeds and primarily designed for penetrating the airspace of the [[Soviet Union]]. In the late 1950s, the B-47 was considered to be reaching obsolescence, and was being phased out of SAC's strategic arsenal. Began sending aircraft to other B-47 wings as replacements in early 1964, being one of the last SAC squadrons equipped with the Stratojet.   Inactivated in September when the last aircraft was retired.

===Operations and decorations===
* Combat Operations:  Antisubmarine patrols, Dec 1941 – May 1943.  Combat in CBI, 5 June 1944 – 29 March 1945, and Western Pacific, 5 May-14 Aug 1945.
* Campaigns: Antisubmarine, American Theater; India-Burma; Air Offensive, Japan; China Defensive; Western Pacific; Central Burma.
* Decorations: [[Distinguished Unit Citation]]s:  Yawata, Japan, 20 August 1944; Japan, 5–14 May 1945; Japan, 24 July 1945.

===Lineage===
* Constituted '''44th Bombardment Squadron (Medium)''' on 22 November 1940
: Activated on 1 April 1941
: Redesignated: '''44th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy)''' on 7 May 1942
: Redesignated: '''44th Bombardment Squadron (Very Heavy)''' on 20 November 1943
: Inactivated on 1 October 1946
* Redesignated '''44th Bombardment Squadron (Medium)''' on g May 1952
: Activated on 28 May 1952
: Inactivated on 1 September 1964

===Assignments===
* [[40th Bombardment Group]], 1 April 1941&nbsp;– 1 October 1946<ref>((cite web|first=William |last=Conaway |url= http://www.planesandpilotsofww2.totalh.net/panama/40thbgphistorytem.htm |title=40th Bombardment Group (Heavy) |work=VI Bomber Command in Defense of the Panama Canal 1941–45 |access-date=23 November 2013))</ref>
* [[40th Bombardment Wing]], 28 May 1952&nbsp;– 1 September 1964

===Stations===
((Col-begin))
((Col-break|width=50%))
* [[Ramey AFB|Borinquen Field]], [[Puerto Rico]], 1 April 1941
* [[Howard Field]], [[Panama Canal Zone|Canal Zone]], 16 June 1942
* [[La Aurora International Airport|Guatemala City AB]], [[Guatemala]], 6 July 1942
* [[Howard Field]], [[Panama Canal Zone|Canal Zone]], C. 4–15 June 1943
* [[Pratt Army Airfield|Pratt AAF]], [[Kansas]], 1 July 1943&nbsp;– 12 March 1944
* [[Chakulia Airfield|Chakulia AB]], [[India]], c. 11 April 1944 – April 1945
((Col-break|width=50%))
* [[Tinian International Airport|West Field]], [[Tinian]], April-7 November 1945
* [[March Field]], [[California]], 27 November 1945
* [[Davis–Monthan Field]], [[Arizona]], c. 13 May-1 October 1946
* [[Smoky Hill AFB]], [[Kansas]], 28 May 1952
* [[Forbes AFB]], [[Kansas]], 20 June 1960&nbsp;– 1 September 1964
((col-end))

===Aircraft===
((Col-begin))
((Col-break|width=50%))
* [[B-18 Bolo]], 1941–1942
* [[B-17 Flying Fortress]], 1942–1944
* [[B-24 Liberator]], 1942–1943
* [[B-26 Marauder]], 1943–1944
((Col-break|width=50%))
* [[B-29|YB-29 Superfortress]], 1943–1944
* [[B-29 Superfortress]], 1944–1946; 1953–1954
* [[B-47 Stratojet]], 1954–1964
((col-end))

==References==

((Air Force Historical Research Agency))
;Notes
((Reflist))
;Sources
* ((cite book|editor=Maurer, Maurer |title=Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II |orig-year=1969 |url=http://media.defense.gov/2010/Dec/02/2001329899/-1/-1/0/AFD-101202-002.pdf |edition=reprint |year=1982 |publisher=Office of Air Force History |location=Washington, DC |isbn=0-405-12194-6 |oclc=72556 |lccn=70605402 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325124757/http://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/Publications/fulltext/combat_sq_of_the_af_wwii.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2009 ))
* Hagedorn, Dan (1995). ''Alae supra canalem = Wings over the canal: the Sixth Air Force and the Antilles Air Command''. Paducah, KY: Turner Pub. Co. ((ISBN|978-1-56311-153-2))
* Mayborn, Mitch (1971). ''The Boeing B-29 Superfortress'' (Aircraft in Profile 101). Leatherhead, UK: Profile Publications (reprint). ((OCLC|36547156))
* ((cite web|first=William |last=Conaway |url= http://www.planesandpilotsofww2.totalh.net/panama/panama.htm |title=VI Bomber Command In Defense Of The Panama Canal 1941–45 |work=Planes and Pilots of World War Two))

==External links==
((Strategic Air Command))
((USAAF 20th Air Force World War II))
((USAAF 6th Air Force World War II))

[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1941]]
[[Category:Bombardment squadrons of the United States Air Force|044]]
[[Category:Bombardment squadrons of the United States Army Air Forces|044]]

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