The squadron was first activated as the 624th Bombardment Squadron in 1943, changing to the 509th Fighter-Bomber Squadron a few months later. After training in the United States, it moved to England in March 1944, helping prepare for Operation Overlord by attacking targets in France. Following D-Day, the squadron moved to the continent, providing close air support for Allied forces. The squadron earned a Distinguished Unit Citation and was cited in the Order of the Day by the Belgian Army. After V-E Day The squadron returned to the United States and was inactivated at the port of embarkation.
The squadron was activated again in 1952, when it replaced an Air National Guard squadron that had been mobilized for the Korean War. It trained for fighter bomber operations until inactivating in 1958. A year later, it was activated in the Philippines as the 509th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron with an air defense mission. It deployed interceptor aircraft to Taiwan and from 1962 to 1969 maintained detachments in Vietnam.
The squadron was inactivated in 1970, but returned in England in 1979.
The squadron arrived at its first station in the theater, RAF Christchurch, England in early March 1944 and flew its first combat mission the following month. It dropped the "bomber" portion of its designation in May, but retained the fighter bomber mission. The 509th helped prepare for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy, by striking military airfields, and lines of communication, particularly bridges and railroad marshalling yards. On D-Day, it flew combat patrols in the vicinity of Brest, France, and in the following days flew armed reconnaissance missions over Normandy.[3]
Toward the end of June, the squadron moved to Picauville Airfield, France, and for the rest of the war concentrated on providing close air support for ground forces. It supported Operation Cobra, the breakout at Saint Lo in July with attacks on military vehicles and artillery positions. The squadron engaged and destroyed a German armored column near Avranches, France, on 29 July 1944. After immobilizing leading and trailing elements of the 3-mile (4.8 km) long column, the rest of the tanks and trucks were systematically destroyed with multiple sorties.[4] Its operations from D-Day through September 1944 supporting the liberation of Belgium earned the squadron a citation in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army. The squadron received a Distinguished Unit Citation for action on 24 September 1944 when the 4th Armored Division experienced a counterattack by enemy forces and urgently needed air support. Elements of the 405th Group attacked the enemy armor despite an 800-foot ceiling that forced attacks to be made from low level in the face of intense flak. A second group element was unable to locate the tank battle because of the adverse weather, but located a reinforcing column of armor and trucks, causing major damage. A third element attacked warehouses and other buildings in the vicinity that were being used by the enemy.[3][e]
The squadron flew its last combat mission of the war on 8 May 1945. It briefly served in the occupation forces at AAF Station Straubing, but by 8 July was mostly a paper unit. Its remaining personnel returned to the United States in October and the squadron was inactivated upon arrival at the port of embarkation.[1][3]
The squadron mission was air defense of the Philippines, but as the only USAF interceptor unit in the southern Pacific, the squadron was called on to deploy elements to other countries.[5] One of the earliest deployments was to Don Muang Airport outside Bangkok, Thailand of six F-102s under Operation Bell Tone.[7] It also deployed to Taiwan. In March 1962, the American radar unit at Pleiku Air Base began to detect unknown aircraft entering South Vietnamese airspace. In response, the squadron sent a detachment of four "Deuces" to Tan Son Nhut Airport, near Saigon. One was a two-seat TF-102, which proved better at intercepting the slow-moving aircraft used for training to simulate the intruders. As a result, more TF-102s were drawn from Fifth and Thirteenth Air Forces for the detachment. In July, the squadron's planes were replaced by NavyDouglas AD-5Q Q-Birds, and the Air Force and Navy began a series of six-week rotations for air defense in Vietnam.[8]
Squadron F-102As over Vietnam in November 1966. [i]
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident resulted in another deployment of squadron interceptors to Vietnam. On 5 August 1964, six F-102s deployed from Clark to Da Nang Air Base in the northern part of South Vietnam.[9] By the end of 1966, the squadron was maintaining six planes on alert at Bien Hoa Air Base in addition to the six at Da Nang, with another ten located in Thailand at Don Muang and at Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base. After June 1966, the detachments in Thailand were maintained jointly with the 64th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which had been activated as a second F-102 unit at Clark.[10][11] Fourteen aircraft were kept on five-minute alert, while the rest were expected to respond within an hour. Missions included providing top cover for Boeing B-52 Stratofortresses engaged in Operation Arc Light missions. This alert commitment lasted until December 1969, and 15 F-102s were lost during Southeast Asia operations.[12] The squadron's detachments in Thailand were closed under Projects Banner Star and Banner Sun and their planes returned to Clark.[11] The squadron became nonoperational on 17 July 1970 and was inactivated a week later with the phaseout of the F-102 in the Pacific.[5][13]
Tactical fighter operations in Europe
The squadron was again redesignated, this time as the 509th Tactical Fighter Squadron and activated at RAF Woodbridge, England in October 1979 as the 81st Tactical Fighter Wing changed its mission to close air support and air interdiction as it equipped with Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt IIs and expanded from three to six operational squadrons.[14] Four months later, the squadron moved to the 81st Wing's main base at RAF Bentwaters. The squadron participated in joint and combined exercises with American and British ground forces and periodically deployed to designated wartime operating bases at RAF Ahlhorn and Norvenich Air Base in Germany.[14]
In June 1988, the squadron moved to RAF Alconbury, where it was assigned to the 10th Tactical Fighter Wing. The squadron continued the same mission until inactivating in late December 1992 as the US reduced its presence in the United Kingdom.[15]
Lineage
Constituted as the 624th Bombardment Squadron (Dive) on 4 February 1943
Activated on 1 March 1943
Redesignated 509th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 10 August 1943
Redesignated 509th Fighter Squadron on 30 May 1944
Inactivated on 15 October 1945
Redesignated 509th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 15 October 1952
Activated on 1 December 1952
Inactivated on 1 July 1958
Redesignated 509th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 11 March 1959
405th Bombardment Group (later 405th Fighter-Bomber Group, 405th Fighter Group), 1 March 1943 – 15 October 1945
405th Fighter-Bomber Group, 1 December 1952
405th Fighter-Bomber Wing, 8 October 1957 – 1 July 1958
405th Fighter Wing, 9 April 1959 – 24 July 1970[5][16] (attached to 23d Air Base Group 5 August 1964 – 8 July 1965, 6252d Tactical Fighter Wing 8 July–November 1965)
^Approved 30 January 1957. Description: On a light silver gray disc bordered black, in base a mound of earth, dark gray; imbedded in the earth and lying on its side a white skull, gaping eye sockets nose and mouth black; springing up through the upper eye socket and extending over the border in bend a red rose, stem and leaves green; all outlines and details black throughout.
^Aircraft is Republic P-47D-30-RA, fuselage code G9-I
^Aircraft is Republic P-47-27-RE Thunderbolt, serial 42-27316, Chief Ski-U-Mah, fuselage code G9-J. Baugher, Joe (5 April 2023). "1942 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^Both Maurer and Rust identify the 405th Group's three attacks as being made by one of the group's three squadrons. However, neither identifies which squadron was involved in which action. All three of the group's squadrons were awarded a DUC for the day's attacks. Maurer, Combat Units, pp.290–291; Rust, p. 122.
^Aircraft is North American F-100D-40-NH Super Sabre, serial 55-2768. This plane was transferred to the Royal Danish Air Force on 3 June 1961. Baugher, Joe (21 April 2023). "1955 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^Aircraft is Convair TF-102A-30-CO Delta Dagger, serial 55-4042. This aircraft was transferred to the Hawaii Air National Guard in 1971. Baugher, Joe (21 April 2023). "1955 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^Aircraft is Convair F-102A-51-CO Delta Dagger, serial 56-0968, tail code PK. This plane was salvaged in July 1970 at Itazuke, Japan. Baugher, Joe (14 February 2023). "1956 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^Second aircraft is Convair F-102A-60-CO Delta Dart, serial 56-1113 (salvaged at Itazuke, Japan in February 1970. Baugher, Joe (14 February 2023). "1956 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^Because the squadron remained at Clark, and only detachments were located in Vietnam, the squadron does not have credit for any campaigns in Vietnam.
Futrell, Robert F.; Blumenson, Martin (1980). The Advisory Years to 1965(PDF). The United States Air Force in Southeast Asia. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. LCCN80-24547. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
Rust, Kenn C. (1967). The 9th Air Force in World War II. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers, Inc. LCCN67-16454.
Watkins, Robert (2008). Battle Colors. Vol. III Insignia and Markings of the Ninth Air Force in World War II. Atglen, PA: Shiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN978-0-7643-2938-8.
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