53rd Parliament of New Zealand
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Parliament House, Wellington
Overview
Legislative bodyNew Zealand Parliament
Term25 November 2020 – 8 September 2023
Election2020 general election
GovernmentSixth Labour Government
Websitewww.parliament.nz
House of Representatives
Members120
Speaker of the HouseAdrian Rurawhe
— Trevor Mallard until 24 August 2022
Leader of the HouseGrant Robertson
— Chris Hipkins until 25 January 2023
Prime MinisterChris Hipkins
— Jacinda Ardern until 25 January 2023
Leader of the OppositionChristopher Luxon from 30 November 2021
— Judith Collins until 25 November 2021
Sovereign
MonarchCharles III
— Elizabeth II until 8 September 2022
Governor-GeneralCindy Kiro from 21 October 2021
— Patsy Reddy until 28 September 2021
Terms of the
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51st | 52nd | 53rd | 54th

The 53rd New Zealand Parliament was a meeting of the legislature in New Zealand. It opened on 25 November 2020[1] following the 17 October 2020 general election, and dissolved on 8 September 2023 to trigger the next election. It consisted of 120 members of Parliament (MPs)[2] with five parties represented: the Labour and Green parties, in government, and the National, Māori and ACT parties, in opposition. The Sixth Labour Government held a majority in this Parliament. Jacinda Ardern continued as prime minister until her resignation on 25 January 2023; she was succeeded by Chris Hipkins.

The Parliament was elected using a mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) voting system. MPs represented 72 geographical electorates: 16 in the South Island, 49 in the North Island and 7 Māori electorates. This was an increase of one electorate seat from the previous election, as a result of population growth in the North Island. The remaining MPs were elected from party lists using the Webster/Sainte-Laguë method to realise proportionality.[3]

Background

Electorate changes

To achieve proportionality across electorates, there were a number of changes required to electorates based on population data determined through the 2018 census and projected population growth.[4] As such, the number of geographical electorates increased by one compared to the 2017 election to account for the North Island's higher population growth, creating Takanini, and 30 general electorates and five Māori electorates had their boundaries adjusted so that each electorate contains roughly the same number of people.[5][6]

2020 general election

Main article: 2020 New Zealand general election

The 2020 general election was held on 17 October, after being delayed from 19 September due to a resurgence of COVID-19 cases during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand.[7][8] The dissolution of the 52nd Parliament was originally set for 12 August,[9] and was delayed first to 17 August[10] and finally to 6 September 2020.[11]

The 2020 election resulted in a majority for the Labour Party, winning 65 seats, allowing them to continue the Sixth Labour Government unrestricted. Their coalition partner from the 52nd Parliament, New Zealand First, did not receive enough votes to pass the five percent threshold or win in an electorate, kicking them out of Parliament. Confidence and supply partner the Green Party received 10 seats, up two, becoming the first minor party ever to increase their share of the vote following their being in government. In the opposition, the National Party lost 23 seats, giving them a total of 33, and ACT New Zealand went from one seat to ten. The Māori Party won the Waiariki electorate and gained an additional list seat after losing representation in the 2017 general election.[12]

Government formation

Labour achieved a majority in the 2020 election, allowing them to form a government without any coalition agreements having to be made. However, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern entered talks with the Green Party about "potential areas of co-operation" in the formation of the new government.[13] After two weeks of discussions, the Green Party reached an agreement with Labour on 31 October to become part of the next Government, with co-leaders James Shaw and Marama Davidson receiving ministerial positions outside of cabinet. Shaw remained Minister for Climate Change and become Associate Minister for the Environment, while Davidson became Minister for the Prevention of Family and Sexual Violence and Associate Minister of Housing.[14] The new government was sworn in on 6 November 2020. Some ministerial positions changed in July 2021. Ardern was succeeded as prime minister by Chris Hipkins on 25 January 2023, following her resignation.

Parliamentary term

The writ for the 2020 election was returned on 20 November 2020[15] after being delayed from its original set date of 12 November due to election recounts. Under section 19 of Constitution Act 1986, Parliament must meet no later than six weeks after this date; on 6 November 2020, following the new government's first Cabinet meeting, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern confirmed that the Commission Opening and State Opening of Parliament would take place on 25 and 26 November 2020, respectively.

The 53rd Parliament is the first parliament since the 44th New Zealand Parliament (and the introduction of an MMP electoral system) to have a single party hold an outright majority of seats. The Labour Party currently holds 64 seats, 3 more than the required 61 seats needed for a majority.[16]

Timeline

Major legislation

On 1 March 2021, the Local Electoral (Māori Wards and Māori Constituencies) Amendment Act 2021 received royal assent after being introduced by Nanaia Mahuta on 9 February. This Act eliminates mechanisms for holding public referendums on the establishment of Māori wards and constituencies on local bodies, which allowed the public to veto a council's decision to introduce a Māori ward.[23]

On 30 September 2021, the Counter-Terrorism Legislation Act 2021 passed its third reading. This Act criminalised the planning of terror attacks and expanded Police powers to conduct warrantless searches. It was supported by the Labour and National parties but was opposed by the Green, ACT and Māori parties.[24]

On 24 November 2021, the COVID-19 Response (Vaccinations) Legislation Act 2021 passed its third reading. This Act allows businesses to dismiss employees who refuse to take COVID-19 vaccines.[25]

On 15 December 2021, the Resource Management (Enabling Housing Supply and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2021 passed its third and final reading with the support of all parties except ACT. The Act seeks to address the national housing shortage by easing the process for building houses in major cities.[26][27]

On 15 February 2022, the Conversion Practices Prohibition Legislation Act 2022 passed its third reading, becoming law with broad cross-party support. The Act banned conversion therapy in New Zealand.[28]

On 9 March 2022, Parliament unanimously passed the Russia Sanctions Act 2022, which established a sanctions-implementation regime targeting Russia in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[29][30]

On 18 March 2022, the Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion (Safe Areas) Amendment Act 2022 received royal assent. The Bill creates safe spaces of about 150 metres around abortion providers and also bans obstructing, filming, dissuading or protesting against individuals seeking abortion services in those zones.[31]

On 7 June 2022, the Government's Pae Ora (Healthy Futures) Act 2022 passed its third reading. The Bill replaced the country's existing district health boards with a new Crown agency called Health New Zealand and established as separate Māori Health Authority. The Health Futures Act also established a new Public Health Agency within the Ministry of Health while strengthening the Ministry's stewardship role.[32]

On 9 August 2022, the Government's Three Strikes Legislation Repeal Act 2022 passed its third reading, repealing the Sentencing and Parole Reform Act 2010. The Three Strikes Legislation Repeal Act removed the three strikes law from New Zealand legislation. While the bill was supported by the Labour, Green, and Māori parties, it was opposed by the National and ACT parties.[33][34]

On 13 December, the Smokefree Environments and Regulated Products (Smoked Tobacco) Amendment Act 2022 passed its third reading and became law. The bill banned tobacco from being sold to anyone born after 1 January 2009, limited the number of retailers allowed to sell tobacco, and lowered the nicotine content in tobacco products.[35]

Workplace culture

In 2019, following allegations of workplace misconduct by Meka Whaitiri, Jami-Lee Ross, and Maggie Barry in the 52nd Parliament the Speaker of the House Trevor Mallard commissioned a review into bullying and harassment in Parliament.[36]

In the 53rd Parliament, Parliamentary Services started to implement the 85 recommendations from the review into workplace culture.[36] Despite this, allegations of workplace misconduct continued. These allegations include:

Dissolution

Under section 17 of the Constitution Act 1986, Parliament expires a maximum of three years "from the day fixed for the return of the writs issued for the last preceding general election of members of the House of Representatives, and no longer".[40] The writs were issued on 13 September 2020 and were returned on 20 November 2020,[41][18] meaning that the 53rd Parliament must dissolve on or before 20 November 2023. The 2023 general election is scheduled to be held on 14 October and the 53rd Parliament is scheduled to be dissolved on 8 September.[42]

Officeholders

Presiding officers

Other parliamentary officers

Party leaders

Floor leaders

Whips

Further information: Whip (politics) § New Zealand

Shadow cabinets

Members

The table below shows the members of the 53rd Parliament based on the results of the 2020 general election. Ministerial roles were officially announced on 2 November 2020. Based on preliminary results, there were 40 new MPs.[46] When final results were announced on 6 November, this rose to 42 new members.[17] Labour lost a member on 23 August 2022 due to the expulsion of Gaurav Sharma from the parliamentary party.[47] After Sharma's resignation from parliament, the December 2022 by-election for his Hamilton West electorate was won by National.[48]

Overview

This table shows the number of MPs in each party:

Affiliation Members
At 2020 election[49] At dissolution
Labour 65 62
Government total 65 62
Green C 10 9
Government with Cooperation total 75 71
National 33 34
ACT 10 10
Maori Party 2 2
Independent 0 2
Opposition total 45 48
Total MPs in Parliament 120 119
Working Government majority 10 6
Working Government with Cooperation majority 30 26

Notes

Members

Demographics of elected MPs

The 2020 general election saw the election of New Zealand's first African MP (Ibrahim Omer), first Sri Lankan-born MP (Vanushi Walters) and first Latin American MP (Ricardo Menéndez March).[50] Six new LGBT+ MPs were elected (Menéndez March, Glen Bennett, Ayesha Verrall, Shanan Halbert, Elizabeth Kerekere, Tangi Utikere), making the New Zealand House of Representatives the national parliament with the highest percentage of LGBT+ members in the world.[51][52]

During the 53rd parliament, 60 MPs (50%) were women—the highest number since women were first allowed to stand for Parliament in 1919.[53][54] The period between the swearing in of Soraya Peke-Mason and Tama Potaka was the first time there had been more women than men as MPs.[55]

Changes

The following changes in Members of Parliament occurred during the term of the 53rd Parliament:

# Seat Incumbent Replacement
Party Name Date vacated Reason Party Name Date elected Change
1. List Labour Louisa Wall 1 May 2022[56] Resigned Labour Lemauga Lydia Sosene 2 May 2022[57] List
2. List National Nick Smith 10 June 2021[58] Resigned National Harete Hipango[59] 11 June 2021[60] List
3. Tauranga National Simon Bridges 6 May 2022[61] Resigned National Sam Uffindell 18 June 2022 National hold

(By-election)

4. List Labour Kris Faafoi 23 July 2022[62][63] Resigned Labour Dan Rosewarne[64] 25 July 2022[65] List
5. Hamilton West Labour Gaurav Sharma[47] 23 August 2022 Expelled from the Labour Party Independent Gaurav Sharma 23 August 2022 Independent gain
6. Hamilton West Independent Gaurav Sharma 18 October 2022 Resigned National Tama Potaka 10 December 2022 National gain

(By-election)

7. List Labour Trevor Mallard 20 October 2022[66] Resigned Labour Soraya Peke-Mason[64] 25 October 2022 List
8. Mount Albert Labour Jacinda Ardern 15 April 2023[67] Resigned None1
9. Ikaroa-Rāwhiti Labour Meka Whaitiri 3 May 2023 Resigned from the Labour Party Independent2 Meka Whaitiri 3 May 2023 Independent gain
10. List Green Elizabeth Kerekere 5 May 2023[68] Resigned from the Green Party Independent Elizabeth Kerekere 5 May 2023 Independent gain

^1 The resignation of Jacinda Ardern took place less than six months before the next general election and therefore a by-election to fill the vacancy was not required.[69]

^2 Following the resignation of Meka Whaitiri from the Labour Party, she waka-jumped to Te Pāti Māori, but is regarded as an independent MP in Parliament.[70]

Seating plan

Start of term

The chamber is in a horseshoe-shape.[71]

Watts Severin D. Smith G. Bennett
Dean S. Smith Muller Brown N. Smith Penk S. O'Connor Stanford McKelvie van de Molen Grigg Luxon Mooney Simmonds Chhour March Ngobi
Brownlee Willis Pugh Doocey Simpson D. Bennett Goldsmith Mitchell Kuriger Ngarewa-Packer McKee Baillie Court McDowall Cameron Kerekere
Lee Bishop Reti Collins Bayly Woodhouse Upston McClay Bridges Waititi Seymour van Velden Shaw Genter Ghahraman Tuiono Henderson
Davidson Swarbrick Sage
Mallard Logie
White
Radhakrishnan Strange Brooking
Mahuta Parker Robertson ARDERN Davis Woods Hipkins Sepuloni Little P. Williams Sio Whaitiri Twyford Luxton Omer Boyack Sharma
D. O'Connor Nash Webb McAnulty Faafoi Henare Jackson Tinetti Wood Wall Lubeck Warren-Clark G. O'Connor Coffey Chen Lewis Pallett
Rurawhe Salesa Edmonds Prime Allan Clark Verrall Tirikatene Russell Kanongata'a-Suisuiki Craig Andersen Eagle Walters Belich Leavasa McLellan Leary
Roberts Halbert Lorck Utikere A. Williams

End of term

The chamber is in a horseshoe-shape.[72]

Uffindell Potaka Severin Kerekere
Dean S. Smith Simpson Simmonds Watts S. O'Connor Kuriger D. Bennett McKelvie Muller van de Molen Hipango Mooney Grigg Chhour D. Smith Whaitiri
Collins Mitchell Pugh Penk Woodhouse McClay Lee Bayly Brownlee Ngarewa-Packer McKee Baillie Court McDowall Cameron March
Brown Doocey Willis Luxon Bishop Reti Goldsmith Upston Stanford Waititi Seymour van Velden Shaw Genter Ghahraman Tuiono Vacant
Davidson Swarbrick Sage
Rurawhe Logie
Lewis
Luxton Walters Eagle
D. O'Connor Verrall Sepuloni HIPKINS Davis Robertson Woods Tinetti Jackson Webb Tirikatene Russell Brooking Leary G. Bennett Boyack Ngobi
Andersen Little Belich Utikere Parker Henare Mahuta Radhakrishnan McAnulty Kanongata'a-Suisuiki Twyford Clark Sio Nash Omer A. Williams Lorck
G. O'Connor Salesa Halbert McLellan Edmonds Prime P. Williams Craig Warren-Clark Lubeck Wood Coffey Allan Chen Strange Leavasa Sosene Peke-Mason
White Roberts Rosewarne Pallett Henderson

Committees

Main article: New Zealand House of Representatives committees

The 53rd Parliament has 12 select committees and 8 specialist committees.[73] They are listed below, with their chairpersons and deputy chairpersons:

Committee Chairperson Deputy chairperson Government–Opposition divide
Select committees
Economic Development, Science and Innovation Committee[74] Jamie Strange (Labour) Naisi Chen (Labour) 3–2
Education and Workforce Committee[75] Marja Lubeck (Labour) Camilla Belich (Labour) 6–3
Environment Committee[76] Hon Eugenie Sage (Green Party) Rachel Brooking (Labour) 6–3
Finance and Expenditure Committee[77] Barbara Edmonds (Labour) Ingrid Leary (Labour) 7–4
Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee[78] Hon Jenny Salesa (Labour) Hon Gerry Brownlee (National) 4–2
Governance and Administration Committee[79] Ian McKelvie (National) Rachel Boyack (Labour) 3–2
Health Committee[80] Tangi Utikere (Labour) Tracey McLellan (Labour) 6–4
Justice Committee[81] Ginny Andersen (Labour) Vanushi Walters (Labour) 5–4
Māori Affairs Committee[82] Tāmati Coffey (Labour) Arena Williams (Labour) 5–3
Primary Production Committee[83] Jo Luxton (Labour) Steph Lewis (Labour) 4–4
Social Services and Community Committee[84] Angie Warren-Clark (Labour) Emily Henderson (Labour) 6–3
Transport and Infrastructure Committee[85] Shanan Halbert (Labour) Hon Julie Anne Genter (Green Party) 6–3
Specialist committees
Business Committee[86] Rt Hon Adrian Rurawhe (Labour) none 6–5
Intelligence and Security Committee[87] Rt Hon Chris Hipkins (Labour) none 4–3
Officers of Parliament Committee[88] Rt Hon Adrian Rurawhe (Labour) none 4–4
Pae Ora Legislation Committee[89] Deborah Russell (Labour) Tāmati Coffey (Labour) 7–4
Petitions Committee[90] Hon Jacqui Dean (National) Shanan Halbert (Labour) 4–3
Privileges Committee[91] Hon David Parker (Labour) Hon Michael Woodhouse (National) 5–3
Regulations Review Committee[92] Judith Collins (National) Rachel Brooking (Labour) 4–3
Standing Orders Committee[93] Rt Hon Adrian Rurawhe (Labour) Hon Michael Woodhouse (National) 5–5

Electorates

Map of New Zealand with divisions for the general electorates, displayed in different colours for political parties.
General electorates since 2020, showing the 2020 election results

This section shows the New Zealand electorates as they are currently represented in the 53rd Parliament.[94] Electorates were redrawn after the 2018 census and will remain the same for the 2023 election.

General electorates

Electorate Region MP Party
Auckland Central Auckland Chlöe Swarbrick Green
Banks Peninsula Canterbury Tracey McLellan Labour
Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Todd Muller National
Botany Auckland Christopher Luxon National
Christchurch Central Canterbury Duncan Webb Labour
Christchurch East Canterbury Poto Williams Labour
Coromandel Waikato Scott Simpson National
Dunedin Otago David Clark Labour
East Coast Gisborne and Bay of Plenty Kiri Allan Labour
East Coast Bays Auckland Erica Stanford National
Epsom Auckland David Seymour ACT
Hamilton East Waikato Jamie Strange Labour
Hamilton West Waikato Tama Potaka National
Hutt South Wellington Ginny Andersen Labour
Ilam Canterbury Sarah Pallett Labour
Invercargill Southland Penny Simmonds National
Kaikōura Marlborough and Canterbury Stuart Smith National
Kaipara ki Mahurangi Auckland Chris Penk National
Kelston Auckland Carmel Sepuloni Labour
Mana Wellington Barbara Edmonds Labour
Māngere Auckland William Sio Labour
Manurewa Auckland Arena Williams Labour
Maungakiekie Auckland Priyanca Radhakrishnan Labour
Mt Albert Auckland Jacinda Ardern Labour
Mt Roskill Auckland Michael Wood Labour
Napier Hawke's Bay Stuart Nash Labour
Nelson Nelson and Tasman Rachel Boyack Labour
New Lynn Auckland Deborah Russell Labour
New Plymouth Taranaki Glen Bennett Labour
North Shore Auckland Simon Watts National
Northcote Auckland Shanan Halbert Labour
Northland Northland Willow-Jean Prime Labour
Ōhāriu Wellington Greg O'Connor Labour
Ōtaki Wellington and Manawatū-Whanganui Terisa Ngobi Labour
Pakuranga Auckland Simeon Brown National
Palmerston North Manawatū-Whanganui Tangi Utikere Labour
Panmure-Ōtāhuhu Auckland Jenny Salesa Labour
Papakura Auckland Judith Collins National
Port Waikato Auckland and Waikato Andrew Bayly National
Rangitata Canterbury Jo Luxton Labour
Rangitīkei Manawatū-Whanganui Ian McKelvie National
Remutaka Wellington Chris Hipkins Labour
Rongotai Wellington and the Chatham Islands Paul Eagle Labour
Rotorua Bay of Plenty Todd McClay National
Selwyn Canterbury Nicola Grigg National
Southland Southland and Otago Joseph Mooney National
Taieri Otago Ingrid Leary Labour
Takanini Auckland Neru Leavasa Labour
Tāmaki Auckland Simon O'Connor National
Taranaki-King Country Taranaki and Waikato Barbara Kuriger National
Taupō Waikato Louise Upston National
Tauranga Bay of Plenty Sam Uffindell National
Te Atatū Auckland Phil Twyford Labour
Tukituki Hawke's Bay Anna Lorck Labour
Upper Harbour Auckland Vanushi Walters Labour
Waikato Waikato Tim van de Molen National
Waimakariri Canterbury Matt Doocey National
Wairarapa Wellington, Manawatū-Whanganui and Hawke's Bay Kieran McAnulty Labour
Waitaki Otago and Canterbury Jacqui Dean National
Wellington Central Wellington Grant Robertson Labour
West Coast-Tasman West Coast and Tasman Damien O'Connor Labour
Whanganui Manawatū-Whanganui and Taranaki Steph Lewis Labour
Whangaparāoa Auckland Mark Mitchell National
Whangārei Northland Emily Henderson Labour
Wigram Canterbury Megan Woods Labour

Māori electorates

Map of New Zealand with divisions for the Māori electorates, displayed in different colours for political parties.
Māori Electorates since the 2020 election. Red represent Labour seats, brown represents Māori Party seats.
Electorate Region MP Party
Te Tai Tokerau Northland and Auckland Kelvin Davis Labour
Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland Peeni Henare Labour
Hauraki-Waikato Auckland and Waikato Nanaia Mahuta Labour
Waiariki Bay of Plenty and Waikato Rawiri Waititi Māori
Ikaroa-Rāwhiti Hawke's Bay, Gisborne, Manawatū-Whanganui and Wellington Meka Whaitiri Labour
Te Tai Hauāuru Taranaki, Waikato, Manawatū-Whanganui and Wellington Adrian Rurawhe Labour
Te Tai Tonga The South Island, Wellington and the Chatham Islands Rino Tirikatene Labour

See also

Notes

  1. ^ McKelvie was appointed to serve as an additional Assistant Speaker while the House sits with members participating remotely, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic.[43]
  2. ^ Hipkins succeeded Ardern as Labour Party leader on 22 January 2023 but was not warranted as Prime Minister until 25 January 2023.

References

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