- ^ "Geography at about.com". Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2006.
- ^ David Nicolle, Essential Histories: "The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750". The birth of Islam and the unifying of Arabia (2009), page 19.
- ^ Walter W Müller, "Outline of the History of Ancient Southern Arabia"in Werner Daum (education) Yemen: "3000 Years of Art and Civilization in Arabia Felix" (1987)
- ^ Frye, Richard N. (1983). The History of Ancient Iran.
- ^ Greatrex & Lieu 2002, pp. 146–149, 150
- ^ Tiberius II Constantine[permanent dead link].
- ^ Greatrex & Lieu 2002, p. 136.
- ^ Lombard (2008).
- ^ Esposito (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, ISBN 0-19-512558-4.
- ^ Connor, Steve (2014-07-07). "Our explosive past is written in the Antarctic ice". i. London. p. 17.
- ^ Beck, Frederick George Meeson (1911). "East Anglia" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 827.
- ^ Rome at War AD 293–696 (p. 60). Michael Whitby, 2002. ISBN 1-84176-359-4
- ^ Martindale, Jones & Morris 1992, p. 164
- ^ "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- ^ GRIG, LUCY (2013-03-19). "Cities in the 'long' Late Antiquity, 2000–2012 – a survey essay". Urban History. 40 (3): 554–566. doi:10.1017/s0963926813000369. ISSN 0963-9268. S2CID 144860106.
- ^ Imperial Chinese Armies (p. 23). C.J. Peers, 1995. ISBN 978-1-85532-514-2
- ^
Sinclair, W. M. (1911). "Eutychius" . In Wace, Henry; Piercy, William C. (eds.). Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century (3rd ed.). London: John Murray.
- ^ Temple, Robert (1986). The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc. p. 98. ISBN 0-671-62028-2.
- ^ Romano-Byzantine Armies 4th—9th Centuries (p. 9). David Nicolle, 1992. ISBN 978-1-85532-224-0
- ^ Greatrex & Lieu 2002, pp. 160–162
- ^ "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- ^ Ekonomou, 2007, p. 8
- ^ Meri, Josef W. (2005). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 525. ISBN 9781135456030.
- ^ MacDonald, William L. (1982). The Architecture of the Roman Empire: An Introductory Study (Revised ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 47. ISBN 0-300-02819-9.
- ^ Connolly, S. J., ed. (February 24, 2011). The Oxford companion to Irish history (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780199691869.
- ^ Brock, Sebastian P. (2011). "Aḥudemmeh of Balad". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Beth Mardutho. p. 13. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ "John Malalas | Byzantine chronicler". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 4 April 2019.