6th century in Lebanon
Key event(s):
The Beirut earthquake occurred during the reign of Justinian I (pictured) as Eastern Roman emperor.
Chronology:
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This article lists historical events that occurred between 501–600 in modern-day Lebanon or regarding its people.

Administration

Empire-wide administration

The land of what is now Lebanon was ruled by the following Byzantine emperors during the 6th century:

Provincial administration

Due to mass administrative reforms and edicts directed at Phoenice Libanensis (lit. 'Lebanese Phoenicia') with the goal of preventing further pro-Sassanid raids and invasions, the province was now ruled by two ducēs during the reign of Justinian I.[3][4]

Events

500s

510s

520s

530s

540s

550s

Main tectonic features of Lebanon

560s

570s

580s

590s

Industry

Procopius speaks in his Secret History of the economic situation in the major cities of Lebanon at the time: "Silken garments had for a long time been made in Berytus and Tyre, cities of Phoenicia [...] During the reign of Justinian, those who lived in Byzantium and other cities raised the price of their silks, on the plea that at the present time they were dearer in Persia, and that the import tithes were higher." According to Procopius, the Emperor "pretended to be exceedingly indignant at this, and subsequently published an edict forbidding a pound of silk to be sold for more than eight gold pieces; anyone who disobeyed the edict was to be punished by the confiscation of his property."[29]

For Procopius, this measure appeared altogether impracticable and absurd, as it was not possible for the merchants, who had bought their wares at a much higher price, to sell it to customers at a lower rate. They accordingly resolved to give up this business, and secretly and without delay disposed of their remaining wares to certain well-known persons, who "took delight in wasting their money upon such adornments". Procopius wrote that empress Theodora heard of this from certain persons who whispered it confidentially, and, without taking the trouble to verify the report, she immediately deprived these persons of their wares, and, in addition, inflicted upon them a fine of a centenar of gold.[30]

"At the present time, the imperial treasurer is charged with the superintendence of this trade. When Peter Barsyames held the office, they soon allowed him all manner of licence in carrying out his nefarious practices. He demanded that all the rest should carefully observe the law, and compelled those who were engaged in the silk factories to work for himself alone [...] Nearly the whole population of the cities which existed by such manufactories were reduced to begging. Artisans and mechanics were forced to struggle against hunger, and many of them, quitting their country, fled to Persia. None but the chief treasurer was allowed to have anything to do with that branch of industry, and, while he handed over part of his gains to the Emperor, he kept the greater part for himself, and thus grew wealthy at the expense of the unfortunate public."[31]

Professors

Professors:[32]

Dates

(uncertain dates in italic)

Names

(uncertain names in italic)

End of the 5th century, early 6th century Sabinus
Anonymous, mentioned in the Scholia Sinaitica
21 November 533, 16 December 533 Dorotheus
16 December 533 Anatolius
6th century Thaleleus
Isidorus
Stephen
? – 551 Julian

Architecture

See also

References

  1. ^ Gregory, Timothy E. (1991). "Anastasios I". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
  2. ^ McKay/Hill, A History of World Societies. Bedford/St. Martin's, 9th edition. 2012
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Shahid, Irfan; Shahîd, Irfan (1995). Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century. Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0-88402-214-5.
  4. ^ a b Trombley, Frank. "The Operational Methods of the Late Roman Army in the Persian War of 572-591". ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ Gatier, Pierre-Louis (2011). Gatier, Pierre-Louis; Aliquot, Julien; Nordiguian, Lévon (eds.). Sources de l'histoire de Tyr. Textes de l'Antiquité et du Moyen Âge (PDF). Tyr l'instable: pour un catalogue des séismes et tsunamis de l'Antiquité et du Moyen Âge (in French). Beirut: Co-édition Presses de l'Ifpo / Presses de l'Université Saint-Joseph. p. 263. ISBN 978-2-35159-184-0.
  6. ^ The Reign of Anastasius I, 491-518 - Oxford University Research Archive The Reign of Anastasius I, 491-518 - Oxford University Research Archive
  7. ^ Lequien, II, 827
  8. ^ The Reign of Anastasius I, 491-518 - Oxford University Research Archive
  9. ^ Lebon, "Le monophysisme sévérien", Louvain, 1909, 62-4
  10. ^ P. J. A. N. Rietbergen (2006). Power And Religion in Baroque Rome: Barberini Cultural Policies. BRILL. p. 299. ISBN 978-90-04-14893-2.
  11. ^ Dau, B. — History of the Maronites p.173
  12. ^ Le Quien, Michel (1740). Oriens Christianus, in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus: quo exhibentur ecclesiæ, patriarchæ, cæterique præsules totius Orientis. Tomus secundus, in quo Illyricum Orientale ad Patriarchatum Constantinopolitanum pertinens, Patriarchatus Alexandrinus & Antiochenus, magnæque Chaldæorum & Jacobitarum Diœceses exponuntur (in Latin). Paris: Ex Typographia Regia. cols. 829–832. OCLC 955922747.
  13. ^ a b Vitalien Laurent, Le corpus des sceaux de l'empire Byzantin, vol. V/2, Paris, 1965, nº 1531.
  14. ^ No'man, Paul (1996). The Yesterday of the Maronite Church and it's Tomorrow (in Arabic). Ghosta: Books.
  15. ^ a b c Attwater, Donald; The Christian Churches of the East
  16. ^ Jolowicz 1972, p. 453
  17. ^ Riddle 2008, p. 107
  18. ^ Collinet 1925, p. 51
  19. ^ Jones, Later Roman Empire, p. 281.
  20. ^ Justinian Ed. IV.
  21. ^ Sbeinati, M.R.; Darawcheh R.; Mouty M (2005). "The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D." Annals of Geophysics. 48 (3): 347–435. doi:10.4401/ag-3206.
  22. ^ a b Collinet 1925, pp. 54–58
  23. ^ a b Sartre 2005, p. 291
  24. ^ Lequien, II, 827.
  25. ^ "Baalbek keeps its secrets | Stone World". www.stoneworld.com. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
  26. ^ Jidejian, Nina (1971). Sidon, through the ages. Dar el Mashreq. p. 287. ISBN 978-0-7189-2187-3.
  27. ^ Martindale 1992, pp. 529–530, 532; Treadgold 1997, pp. 229–230, 238.
  28. ^ الجامع المفصل في تاريخ الموارنة المؤصل، المطران يوسف الدبس، بيروت 1905، ص.22: للإطلاع على نص الرسائل والموقعين عليهم ومراتبهم الكنسية.
  29. ^ The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Secret History of the Court of Justinian, by Procopius, p. 112–113. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  30. ^ The Secret History of the Court of Justinian, p. 113
  31. ^ The Secret History of the Court of Justinian, p. 113–114
  32. ^ Collinet, Paul (1925). Histoire de L'ecole de droit de Beyrouth. Recueil Sirey. OCLC 849265421.
  33. ^ Krumbacher, Gesch. d. byz. Literatur, (Munich, 1897), pp. 312-18.
  34. ^ Vailhé (1911), cites: Procopius, "De Aedificiis", V, ix; "Historia arcana", xxx.
  35. ^ "Al Qatteen Convent, Sghar – LebanonUntravelled.com". Retrieved 2022-07-10.
  36. ^ "Hardine, the Lourdes of Lebanon – LebanonUntravelled.com". Retrieved 2022-07-10.
  37. ^ Photo Gallery Archived 2012-09-15 at the Wayback Machine. Kaftoun. Retrieved on October 12, 2011.
  38. ^ Moubarac, Y. (1984), Pentalogie Antiochienne / Domaine Maronite, Volume 2, Part 2, éditions Cénacle Libanais, Beirut. OCLC 58616233 – page 722

Further reading

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