ALPI

Identifiers

ALPI, IAP, alkaline phosphatase, intestinal

External IDs

OMIM: 171740 MGI: 87984 HomoloGene: 134333 GeneCards: ALPI

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)^[1]

Band	2q37.1	Start	232,456,125 bp^[1]
Band	2q37.1	End	232,460,753 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)^[2]

Band	1 C5\|1 44.06 cM	Start	87,052,695 bp^[2]
Band	1 C5\|1 44.06 cM	End	87,055,634 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

jejunal mucosa

duodenum

rectum

kidney

muscle tissue

smooth muscle tissue

appendix

gallbladder

liver

sigmoid colon

Top expressed in

duodenum

jejunum

temporal muscle

upper arm

colon

triceps brachii muscle

mucous cell of stomach

midbrain tectum

corpora quadrigemina

ileum

More reference expression data

BioGPS

n/a

Gene ontology
Molecular function	protease binding phosphatase activity zinc ion binding protein binding catalytic activity hydrolase activity magnesium ion binding metal ion binding alkaline phosphatase activity
Cellular component	integral component of membrane anchored component of membrane membrane extracellular region plasma membrane
Biological process	metabolism dephosphorylation phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process digestion
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


248


11648

Ensembl


ENSG00000163295


ENSMUSG00000036500

UniProt


P09923


P24822

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_001631


NM_007432

RefSeq (protein)


NP_001622


n/a

Location (UCSC)

Chr 2: 232.46 – 232.46 Mb

Chr 1: 87.05 – 87.06 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Alkaline phosphatase, intestinal also known as ALPI is a type of alkaline phosphatase that in humans is encoded by the ALPI gene.^[5]^[6]

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is an endogenous protein that plays an essential function in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. The protein is responsible for detoxifying bacterial toxins, dephosphorylating phosphorylated nucleotides, regulating lipid absorption in the intestine, and regulating the microbiome in the intestine.^[7] In addition to these functions, intestinal alkaline phosphatase can also modulate bicarbonate secretion and can modulate the pH of the duodenum.^[8]

References

External links

Hirasaka K, Tokuoka K, Nakao R, Yamada C, Oarada M, Imagawa T, et al. (April 2008). "Cathepsin C propeptide interacts with intestinal alkaline phosphatase and heat shock cognate protein 70 in human Caco-2 cells". The Journal of Physiological Sciences. 58 (2): 105–111. doi:10.2170/physiolsci.RP013007. PMID 18307834.
Mahmood A, Shao JS, Alpers DH (August 2003). "Rat enterocytes secrete SLPs containing alkaline phosphatase and cubilin in response to corn oil feeding". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 285 (2): G433–G441. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00466.2002. PMID 12660142. S2CID 30731288.
Wada A, Wang AP, Isomoto H, Satomi Y, Takao T, Takahashi A, et al. (January 2005). "Placental and intestinal alkaline phosphatases are receptors for Aeromonas sobria hemolysin". International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 294 (7): 427–435. doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2004.09.012. PMID 15715171.
Nakano T, Inoue I, Alpers DH, Akiba Y, Katayama S, Shinozaki R, et al. (July 2009). "Role of lysophosphatidylcholine in brush-border intestinal alkaline phosphatase release and restoration". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 297 (1): G207–G214. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90590.2008. PMC 3817256. PMID 19407215.
Malo MS, Zhang W, Alkhoury F, Pushpakaran P, Abedrapo MA, Mozumder M, et al. (August 2004). "Thyroid hormone positively regulates the enterocyte differentiation marker intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene via an atypical response element". Molecular Endocrinology. 18 (8): 1941–1962. doi:10.1210/me.2003-0351. PMID 15143152.
Rump A, Kasper G, Hayes C, Wen G, Starke H, Liehr T, et al. (April 2001). "Complex arrangement of genes within a 220-kb region of double-duplicated DNA on human 2q37.1". Genomics. 73 (1): 50–55. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6504. PMID 11352565.
Nauli AM, Zheng S, Yang Q, Li R, Jandacek R, Tso P (April 2003). "Intestinal alkaline phosphatase release is not associated with chylomicron formation". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 284 (4): G583–G587. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00482.2002. PMID 12466148.
Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, et al. (January 2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Research. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
Alkhoury F, Malo MS, Mozumder M, Mostafa G, Hodin RA (August 2005). "Differential regulation of intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene expression by Cdx1 and Cdx2". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 289 (2): G285–G290. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00037.2005. PMID 15774940.
Giatromanolaki A, Sivridis E, Maltezos E, Koukourakis MI (December 2002). "Down-regulation of intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase in the tumor vasculature and stroma provides a strong basis for explaining amifostine selectivity". Seminars in Oncology. 29 (6 Suppl 19): 14–21. doi:10.1053/sonc.2002.37356. PMID 12577238.
Torres MI, Lorite P, López-Casado MA, Ríos A (2007). "A new approach using tissue alkaline phosphatase histochemistry to identify Crohn's disease". Pathology, Research and Practice. 203 (6): 485–487. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2007.02.003. PMID 17498884.
Hinnebusch BF, Siddique A, Henderson JW, Malo MS, Zhang W, Athaide CP, et al. (January 2004). "Enterocyte differentiation marker intestinal alkaline phosphatase is a target gene of the gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 286 (1): G23–G30. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00203.2003. PMID 12919939.
Le Du MH, Millan JL (December 2002). "Structural evidence of functional divergence in human alkaline phosphatases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (51): 49808–49814. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207394200. PMID 12372831.
Goldberg RF, Austen WG, Zhang X, Munene G, Mostafa G, Biswas S, et al. (March 2008). "Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is a gut mucosal defense factor maintained by enteral nutrition". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (9): 3551–3556. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.3551G. doi:10.1073/pnas.0712140105. PMC 2265168. PMID 18292227.
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, et al. (August 2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (33): 12130–12135. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10112130B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404720101. PMC 514446. PMID 15302935.
Olsen L, Bressendorff S, Troelsen JT, Olsen J (August 2005). "Differentiation-dependent activation of the human intestinal alkaline phosphatase promoter by HNF-4 in intestinal cells". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 289 (2): G220–G226. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00449.2004. PMID 15831710. S2CID 16852841.
Fumoto K, Hoogenraad CC, Kikuchi A (December 2006). "GSK-3beta-regulated interaction of BICD with dynein is involved in microtubule anchorage at centrosome". The EMBO Journal. 25 (24): 5670–5682. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601459. PMC 1698904. PMID 17139249.
Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, et al. (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.

Hydrolase: esterases (EC 3.1)

3.1.1: Carboxylic
ester hydrolases

Lipase

Phospholipase
- A1
- A2
- B

3.1.2: Thioesterase

3.1.3: Phosphatase

3.1.4:
Phosphodiesterase

3.1.6: Sulfatase

Nuclease (includes
deoxyribonuclease
and ribonuclease)

3.1.11-16:
Exonuclease

Exodeoxyribonuclease	RecBCD
Exoribonuclease	Oligonucleotidase

3.1.21-31:
Endonuclease

Endodeoxyribonuclease	Deoxyribonuclease I Deoxyribonuclease II Deoxyribonuclease IV Restriction enzyme;see ((Restriction enzyme)) UvrABC endonuclease
Endoribonuclease	RNase III Drosha: Microprocessor complex Dicer: RNA-induced silencing complex RNase H 1 2A 2B 2C RNase P RNase A RNase Z RNase E 1 2 3 4/5 RNase T1
either deoxy- or ribo-	Nuclease S1 Mung bean nuclease Serratia marcescens nuclease Micrococcal nuclease

References

External links

Further reading