The Abbey of Thelema is a small house which was used as a temple and spiritual centre, founded by Aleister Crowley and Leah Hirsig in Cefalù (Sicily, Italy) in 1920.[1]
The villa still stands today, but in poor condition. Filmmaker Kenneth Anger, himself a devotee of Crowley, later uncovered and filmed some of its murals in his film Thelema Abbey (1955), now considered a lost film.[2]
Name
The name was borrowed from François Rabelais's satire Gargantua and Pantagruel,[3][full citation needed] where an Abbaye de Thélème is described as a sort of "anti-monastery" where the lives of the inhabitants were "spent not in laws, statutes, or rules, but according to their own free will and pleasure."[4][full citation needed] Prior to arriving at the name, Crowley referred to the house as Villa Santa Barbara.[5] The name "Thelema" is derived from the Greek θέλημα (« thélêma »), which refers to 'divine will'.
This idealistic utopia was to be the model of Crowley's commune, while also being a type of magical school, giving it the designation "Collegium ad Spiritum Sanctum", A College towards the Holy Spirit. The general program was in line with the A∴A∴ course of training, and included daily adorations to the sun, a study of Crowley's writings, regular yogic and ritual practices (which were to be recorded), as well as general domestic labor. The object was for students to devote themselves to the Great Work of discovering and manifesting their True Will.[citation needed]
Crowley had planned to transform the small house into a global center of magical devotion and perhaps to gain tuition fees paid by acolytes seeking training in the Magical Arts; these fees would further assist him in his efforts to promulgate Thelema and publish his manuscripts.[citation needed]
In 1923, a 23-year-old Oxford undergraduate, Raoul Loveday (or Frederick Charles Loveday), died at the Abbey. His wife, Betty May, variously blamed the death on his participation in one of Crowley's rituals (allegedly incorporating the consumption of the blood of a sacrificed cat) or the more probable diagnosis of acute enteric fever contracted by drinking from a mountain spring. Crowley had warned the couple against drinking the water, as reported in biographies by Lawrence Sutin, Richard Kaczynski and others.[citation needed]
When May returned to London, she gave an interview to a tabloid paper, The Sunday Express, which included her story in its ongoing attacks on Crowley. With these and similar rumors about activities at the Abbey in mind, Benito Mussolini's government demanded that Crowley leave the country in 1923. After Crowley's departure, the Abbey of Thelema was eventually abandoned and local residents whitewashed over Crowley's murals.[citation needed]
Jane Wolfe meditating on the beach near the Abbey of Thelema
Jane Wolfe
Jane Wolfe worked with Crowley's Thelemic system of training in Cefalù for three years, and emerged from those years with a degree of attainment, having survived Crowley’s ordeals. Whilst a resident at the Abbey of Thelema, Wolfe was admitted to the A∴A∴ by Crowley, taking the magickal name Soror Estai. She undertook various practises including yoga, dhāraṇā and pranayama of which she kept a detailed record which was later published by the College of Thelema of Northern California as The Cefalu Diaries.[6] She later worked as Crowley’s personal representative in London and Paris.[7]
In popular culture
Danish artist Joachim Koester created five colour and five black and white photographs of the villa; these photographs comprise his Morning of the Magicians (2005) work.[8]
MacDonald, Scott (2006). A Critical Cinema 5: Interviews with Independent Filmmakers. University of California Press. ISBN0520245946.
Seckler, Phyllis, ed. (1979). "In The Continuum". II (5). Oroville, CA: College of Thelema Publishing. ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Shoemaker, David, ed. (2017a). Jane Wolfe: The Cefalu Diaries 1920 - 1923. Temple of the Silver Star. ISBN978-09976686-3-6.
Seckler, Phyllis, ed. (1983). "In The Continuum". III (4). Oroville, CA: College of Thelema Publishing. ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Seckler, Phyllis, ed. (1984e). "In The Continuum". III (5). Oroville, CA: College of Thelema Publishing. ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Seckler, Phyllis, ed. (1984f). "In The Continuum". III (6). Oroville, CA: College of Thelema Publishing. ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Seckler, Phyllis, ed. (1989). "In The Continuum". IV. Oroville, CA: College of Thelema Publishing. ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Seckler, Phyllis, ed. (1993). "In The Continuum". V (4). Oroville, CA: College of Thelema Publishing. ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Seckler, Phyllis, ed. (1996i). "In The Continuum". V (9). Oroville, CA: College of Thelema Publishing. ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Seckler, Phyllis, ed. (1996j). "In The Continuum". V (10). Oroville, CA: College of Thelema Publishing. ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Seckler, Phyllis (2010). Rorac Johnson; Gregory Peters; David Shoemaker (eds.). The Thoth Tarot, Astrology & Other Selected Writings. Teitan Press & College of Thelema of Northern California. ISBN978-0-933429-27-7.
Seckler, Phyllis (2012). Rorac Johnson; Gregory Peters; David Shoemaker (eds.). The Kabbalah, Magick, and Thelema. Selected Writings Volume II. Teitan Press & College of Thelema of Northern California. ISBN978-0-933429-28-4.
Shoemaker, David (2017b). Karl Germer: Selected letters. Temple of the Silver Star. ISBN978-0-997668-65-0.
Starr, Martin P. (2003). The Unknown God: W.T. Smith and the Thelemites. Bollingbrook, Illinois: Teitan Press. ISBN978-0-933429-07-9.
