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((Short description|Syrian LGBT activist (born 1998)))
((Use mdy dates|date=October 2021))
((Infobox person
| name               = Abdulrahman Akkad
| image              = Abdulrahman Akkad 2022.jpg
| alt                = Abdulrahman Akkad
| caption            = Akkad in 2022
| native_name        = عبدالرحمن عقاد
| native_name_lang   = ar
| birth_date         = ((Birth date and age|1998|05|17))
| birth_place        = [[Aleppo]], Syria
| education          = 
| occupation         = ((hlist|Freelancer|public speaker|human rights activist|[[YouTuber]]|Political activist ))
| years_active       = 2017–present
| known_for          = [[LGBT]] and human rights activism
| movement           = 
| family             = 
| website            = 
))
'''Abdulrahman Akkad''' ([[Arabic]]: عبدالرحمن عقاد) is a [[Syrians|Syrian]] political [[blogger]],<ref>((Citation|last=[[France 24]]|title=...مـجـتمع الـميم/عين.. مــيــم تصرخ أنا مثلــكــم وعــي|date=September 2, 2021|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DoZf2xDlzI|language=ar|access-date=September 5, 2021))</ref> [[Public speaking|public speaker]]<ref>((Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=بي بي سي اكسترا |url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/bbc_arabic_radio/w172yn7y3dv37yt |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=[[BBC News Arabic]] |language=ar))</ref> and [[human rights defender|human rights activist]].<ref>((Cite web|last=[[France 24]]|date=September 3, 2021|title=في فلك الممنوع – مـجتـمع الـميم/عين.. مــيــم تصرخ أنا مثلــكــم وعــيــن تعـجـب من عنفكم!|url=https://www.france24.com/ar/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC/%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9/20210903-%D9%85%D9%80%D8%AC%D9%80%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%80%D9%80%D9%8A%D9%80%D9%80%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%AE-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%80%D9%80%D9%83%D9%80%D9%80%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%80%D9%80%D9%8A%D9%80%D9%80%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%80%D8%AC%D9%80%D8%A8-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%81%D9%83%D9%85|access-date=September 5, 2021|website=france24.com|language=ar))</ref><ref name=":7">((Cite web|last=[[David Berger (theologian)]]|date=November 21, 2019|title=Abdulrahman Akkad: Er floh aus Syrien, kritisierte den Islam und wird nun in Deutschland zensiert|url=https://philosophia-perennis.com/2019/11/21/abdulrahman-akkad-er-floh-aus-syrien-kritisierte-den-islam-und-wird-nun-in-deutschland-zensiert/|access-date=June 30, 2021|website=philosophia-perennis.com|language=de-DE))</ref> He currently resides in [[Berlin]].<ref name=":3">((Cite web|last=Mannschaft magazine|date=December 28, 2020|title=Geflüchteter Youtuber betreibt LGBTIQ-Aufklärung auf Arabisch|url=https://mannschaft.com/gefluechteter-youtuber-macht-lgbtiq-aufklaerung-auf-arabisch/|access-date=June 30, 2021|website=mannschaft.com|language=de-DE))</ref>

== Biography ==

=== Early life and education ===
Akkad was born in Aleppo to [[Syrians|Syrian]] [[Muslims|Muslim]] parents.<ref>((Cite web|last=[[Jaafar Abdul Karim]]|date=February 17, 2019|title=اسم أمي ليس عيبا، أريد أن أنسب إلى أمي كذلك!|url=https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fdw.jaafartalk%2Fvideos%2F370727923653366%2F|access-date=October 23, 2021|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=ar))</ref> His family is descended from [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic Jews]] who later converted to Islam.<ref name=":0">((Cite web|last=U. N. O. Flüchtlingshilfe|date=July 15, 2020|title="Ich dachte, dass ich ein Mensch sei, der das Leben nicht verdient."|url=https://www.uno-fluechtlingshilfe.de/informieren/aktuelles/blog/artikel/ich-dachte-dass-ich-ein-mensch-sei-der-das-leben-nicht-verdient|access-date=July 15, 2021|website=uno-fluechtlingshilfe.de|language=de-DE))</ref> He has three brothers and a sister.((Citation needed|date=March 2024))

In 2010, Akkad graduated from [[Dhat Al-Sawari Primary]] with a primary degree. Three years later in 2013, just before leaving Syria, Akkad graduated from [[Abdulwahab Al-Shawaf Junior High]] with a middle school diploma. However, Akkad was unable to continue his education after leaving Syria in 2013.((Citation needed|date=March 2024))

With the escalation of events surrounding the [[Syrian civil war]], Akkad and his family were forced to leave Syria in July 2013.<ref name=":1">((Cite web|last=Christian Schneider|date=September 26, 2019|title=AVE #281: Abdulrahman Akkad|url=https://xsxm.de/ave-281-abdulrahman-akkad/|access-date=June 30, 2021|website=xsxm.de|language=de-DE))</ref>

=== Time spent in Turkey ===
Akkad and his family migrated to [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] in July 2013. He speaks Turkish fluently and worked as a translator in call center companies in the city.<ref>((Cite web |last=Radio Souriali – سوريالي |date=August 1, 2017 |title=Homosexuals threatened despite obtaining asylum |url=https://soundcloud.com/souriali/tic124-240817 |access-date=October 24, 2021 |website=souriali.com |language=ar))</ref> In the summer of 2015, Akkad's father travelled to Germany illegally, hoping to later bring the rest of the family with him through [[family reunification]].((Citation needed|date=March 2024))

While living in Turkey, Akkad discovered his [[sexual orientation]]. He grew to hate himself and attempted suicide several times. He went to a psychological counselor who provided him with support and helped him accept himself.<ref name=":1" /> He tried to obtain a [[humanitarian visa]] from the [[Consulate General of Switzerland, Istanbul|Swiss Consulate in Istanbul]] but was refused.<ref name=":0" />

Eventually, Akkad decided to tell his family about his sexual orientation, believing that they would accept and love him as he is. However, his family said he was sick and in need of treatment. They took him to a doctor in Turkey who conducted an anal examination, sexually harassed him, and wrote him a prescription for [[testosterone]].<ref>((Citation |last=[[BBC News Arabic]] |title=بي بي سي إكسترا: "كيف تتعامل مع طفلك إذا أعلن عن مثليته" |url=https://soundcloud.com/bbc-arabic/1pwvhcpluzc0 |access-date=2022-07-01 |language=ar))</ref> Akkad took several doses of the hormone but later refused to take more because it caused him [[Depression (mood)|depression]] and tension.<ref>((Cite web |last=Alqabda magazine |date=July 28, 2021 |title=مثليو سوريا.. عبد الرحمن العقاد نموذجاً |url=https://www.alqabda.net/%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8B/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803091802/https://www.alqabda.net/%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8B/ |archive-date=August 3, 2021 |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=alqabda.net |language=ar))</ref> His older brother beat and locked him up in a room for two months where he did not see sunlight.<ref name=":2" /> His cousins and sister's husband abused him and threatened him with death. Akkad later managed to convince them that he was no longer [[Gay men|gay]], later running away to a friend's house with his passport and $200.<ref>((Cite web |last=[[Funk (service)]] |title=Schwul & geflüchtet: Der Hass verfolgt ihn bis nach Deutschland ((!)) reporter |url=https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Ffunk%2Fvideos%2F708960470010781%2F |access-date=October 16, 2021 |website=[[Facebook]] |language=de-DE))</ref>

=== Asylum in Europe ===
Akkad's friend suggested that he travel to Europe, because the Turkish authorities would not protect him from abuse by his family, who are influential in Turkey. He traveled illegally by sea to Greece at the end of November 2015. His friend covered his travel costs.<ref>((Cite web|last=[[Bayerischer Rundfunk]]|date=June 9, 2021|title=Queer Refugees – wie geht es geflüchteten LGBTIQ* in Deutschland? – Willkommen im Club – der LGBTIQ*-Podcast von PULS|url=https://www.br.de/mediathek/podcast/willkommen-im-club-der-lgbtiq-podcast-von-puls/queer-refugees-wie-geht-es-gefluechteten-lgbtiq-in-deutschland/1828590|access-date=August 3, 2021|website=br.de|language=de))</ref> Akkad travelled through [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonia]], [[Serbia]], [[Croatia]], [[Slovenia]], and [[Austria]] until he arrived in [[Germany]] on December 5, 2015, where he applied for [[Asylum seeker|asylum]] based on his sexual orientation.<ref>((Cite web|last=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=July 26, 2020|title=DW Arabic: An exclusive interview with a gay Syrian refugee and his story of suffering|url=https://www.facebook.com/dw.arabic/videos/878965502594214/|access-date=October 17, 2021|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=ar))</ref> He was granted asylum in 2016, though his asylum procedure was delayed because he was a minor at the time.<ref name=":1" />

Akkad was bullied, insulted and threatened with death by Arabs and Muslims in Germany.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" />

== Coming out ==
In 2017, before Akkad came out he agreed to be engaged to a girl from the family because of the pressure his family had put on him. His mother told him that his sexual orientation would change after he married. Within a few months the matter became serious and the wedding was to be held in Istanbul.<ref name=":2" /> In the end, he decided to post a live video on Facebook,<ref name=":8">((Citation|title=أنا #مثلي_جنسياً|date=July 24, 2017|url=https://www.facebook.com/abodyakkad98/videos/256233848213467|pages=|language=ar|access-date=September 5, 2021))</ref> in which he announced his sexual orientation. The video was directed to his family only, but the video was withdrawn and published on many Arab pages and groups. The video garnered hundreds of thousands of views within a week.<ref name=":0" />

On July 24, 2017, Akkad streamed a live video on Facebook,<ref name=":8" /> coming out as gay after fearing that his family would have had forced him to marry a woman against his will.<ref name=":2">((Cite web|last=[[Bayerischer Rundfunk]]|date=September 24, 2021|title=How to Coming-Out – diese Tipps können euch beim Coming-Out helfen – Willkommen im Club – der LGBTIQ*-Podcast von PULS|url=https://www.br.de/mediathek/podcast/willkommen-im-club-der-lgbtiq-podcast-von-puls/how-to-coming-out-diese-tipps-koennen-euch-beim-coming-out-helfen/1818917|access-date=May 24, 2021|website=br.de|language=de))</ref> The video was shared on various Arab social channels. It was possibly the first ever occurrence of a gay Syrian man publicly expressing his sexual orientation in a video with his real name and face.<ref>((Citation|last=[[Funk (service)]]|title=Schwul & geflüchtet: LGBTQ-Youtuber riskiert sein Leben ((!)) reporter|date=December 16, 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-L6fm2Wanw|language=de-DE|access-date=June 30, 2021))</ref>

On July 24, 2020, Akkad shared a picture of him with his family, officially announcing their acceptance of his sexual orientation and that they love him unconditionally, also declaring victory over customs, traditions and society.<ref>((Cite web |last=Step News Agency |date=July 25, 2020 |title=شاهد((!)) عبد الرحمن عقاد سوري مثلي جنسيًا يعلن انتصاره بتقبل أهله له.. تعرف عليه |url=https://stepagency-sy.net/2020/07/25/%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%8b%d8%a7/ |access-date=August 25, 2020 |website=stepagency-sy.net |language=ar))</ref><ref>((Cite web|last=[[Raseef22]]|date=July 27, 2020|title=''الحبّ انتصر!''... شاب سوري مثليّ الجنس يُعلن تصالح والديه معه|url=https://raseef22.com/article/1079190-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87|access-date=August 25, 2020|website=raseef22.com|language=ar))</ref> This photo is also considered to be the first of its kind with an Arab family publicly accepting their gay son's sexual orientation.<ref>((Citation|last=[[Orient News]]|title=شاب سوري يعلن عن ميوله المثلية في المانيا ويثير ردود فعل غاضبة – FollowUp|date=July 27, 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Au-XYNPYwC0|language=ar|access-date=June 30, 2021))</ref><ref name=":5">((Cite web|last=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=September 1, 2020|title=DW: a five year wait for acceptance after coming out.|url=https://www.facebook.com/watch/?extid=CL-UNK-UNK-UNK-IOS_GK0T-GK1C&v=989361231511285&_rdr|access-date=October 17, 2021|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=en))</ref>
[[File:Akkad and his family 2020.jpg|thumb|Akkad and his parents (2020)]]

== Activism in Germany ==
Akkad is an openly gay activist in the [[MENA]] region specially in Syria<ref>((Cite web |date=2022-01-03 |title=عبد الرحمن ((!)) مواطن سوري |url=https://podcast.enabbaladi.net/archives/3540 |access-date=2022-01-08 |website=Enab Baladi Podcast ((!)) عنب بلدي بودكاست |language=ar))</ref> and the [[Funk (service)|German media]] described him as a "hated figure" in the [[Arab world]].<ref>((Cite web |last=[[Funk (service)]] |date=December 28, 2020 |title=Flüchtling und Schwul |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CJWYO1tqTZO/ |access-date=October 28, 2021 |website= |language=de-DE))</ref>

In subsequent years, Akkad has given many interviews to several media, primarily German and Arabic ones, about his experiences and his political opinions Especially on the situation of homosexuality and [[LGBT]] rights in the Middle East, Akkad gave his first interview to the famous German Newspaper ([[Bild]]) in Germany and said that he doesn't want to stay in Germany because of the threats he received.<ref name=":4" />

Akkad participated in the [[Me Too movement]] and admitted that he was sexually harassed and encouraged people to participate in the campaign and speak out.<ref>((Cite web|date=September 5, 2020|title=عبدالرحمن عقاد ((!)) #MeToo أول مرة بتعرض للتحرش الجنسي بعمر 6 سنوات من قبل الفرّان "بائع » شيربوست|url=https://sherepost.com/2020/09/05/%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%af-metoo-%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%b4.html|url-status=dead|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=sherepost.com|language=ar|archive-date=August 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815125311/https://sherepost.com/2020/09/05/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF-metoo-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4.html))</ref>

Akkad worked with [[Atheist Refugee Relief]] Organization in Germany and helped many refugees<ref name=":6" /><ref>((Citation|last=[[Atheist Refugee Relief]]|title="Menschenrecht: Glaubens-Freiheit" – Säkulare Flüchtlingshilfe e.V.|date=March 30, 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3cEu55RphU|language=de-DE|access-date=July 17, 2021))</ref> and appeared with them at the [[Cologne Pride]] in 2019 wearing the [[Niqāb|Niqab]] to support women who are forced to wear it in Saudi Arabia and in the Middle East.<ref name=":5" />

Akkad posted a video wearing the [[Rainbow flag (LGBT)|Rainbow flag]] in front of a mosque in Germany in the [[Gay pride]] in 2020 and he Solidarity with Homosexuals in the Middle East and [[Muslim world|Islamic countries]], where homosexuality is illegal and punishable by death.<ref>((Cite web|last=Turkey in Arabic|date=July 27, 2020|title=Abdulrahman Akkad dancing in front of the mosque|url=https://arab-turkey.com/2020/07/27/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84/|access-date=October 17, 2021|website=arab-turkey.com|language=ar))</ref>

== Political views ==
Akkad identifies as [[Secularism|secular]], supporting the principle of separation of the state from religious institutions. And as a former member of the [[Atheist Refugee Relief]] organization, Akkad aided many [[Atheism|Atheist]] & [[LGBT]]+ Middle Eastern refugees in Germany.<ref name=":6">((Cite web|last=[[Atheist Refugee Relief]]|date=April 4, 2019|title=Wohnsitzauflage gefährdet homosexuellen Geflüchteten – Atheist Refugee Relief|url=https://atheist-refugees.com/sonstiges/wohnsitzauflage-gefaehrdet-homosexuellen-gefluechteten/|access-date=June 30, 2021|website=atheist-refugees.com|language=de-DE))</ref>

Akkad's story was mentioned during the federal government session of the [[Bundestag|Federal parliament of Germany]] for Human Rights in 2020<ref>((Cite web|last=[[Bundestag]]|date=May 5, 2021|title=Deutscher Bundestag – 14. Bericht der Bundesregierung über ihre Menschenrechtspolitik...|url=https://www.bundestag.de/ausschuesse/a17_menschenrechte/anhoerungen/837642-837642|url-status=dead|access-date=June 30, 2021|website=bundestag.de|language=de-DE|archive-date=June 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627233458/https://www.bundestag.de/ausschuesse/a17_menschenrechte/anhoerungen/837642-837642))</ref> by German philosopher [[David Berger (theologian)|David Berger]] after [[Instagram]] banned his account because he was gay and the threats he was exposed to.<ref>((Cite web|last=[[David Berger (theologian)]]|date=July 1, 2020|title=Islamophob? Instagram löscht Profil von atheistischem, homosexuellen Islamkritiker|url=https://philosophia-perennis.com/2020/07/01/islamophob-instagram-loescht-profil-von-atheistischem-homosexuellen-islamkritiker/|access-date=June 30, 2021|website=philosophia-perennis.com|language=de-DE))</ref>

Abdulrahman and his family have also been strong opponents of the Syrian regime, especially after Akkad's sister-in-law was shot and killed by a regime sniper in 2012, leading his brother to dissent from the army, and forcing his entire family to flee the country after severe pressure imposed by [[Bashar al-Assad|al-Assad]]'s authorities.<ref>((Cite web|last=[[Daraj Media]]|date=July 31, 2020|title=Daraj News: Abdulrahman Akkad The Syrian revolution and the rejection of homosexuals.|url=https://daraj.com/51352/|access-date=June 30, 2021|website=daraj.com|language=ar))</ref>

He encouraged the deportation of refugees who did not integrate into German society and did not respect the law and the constitution.<ref name=":4" /> He supported the German government's decision to deport [[Syrian refugees]] who committed crimes to Syria and encouraged the deportation of supporters of the [[Bashar al-Assad|Syrian regime]].<ref name=":1" />

Akkad criticized the German government's policy in dealing with refugee and integration laws, and said that he was tired of neglecting the German police for not knowing how to deal with the threats he received from Arabs in Germany and Europe.<ref name=":7" />

== Reception ==
There has been a long history of oppression and discrimination against the LGBT community in the Arab world through censorship, hate speech, and government-coordinated persecution. Akkad's story has been met with some supportive, but mostly homophobic responses through media coverage and public discourse. Akkad even started receiving death threats after coming out.<ref name=":4">((Cite web|last=[[Bild]]|date=February 1, 2020|title=Flüchtlinge: Angst vor anderen Flüchtlingen, weil sie sich für Frauen oder Schwule einsetzen|url=https://www.bild.de/bild-plus/politik/ausland/politik-ausland/fluechtlinge-angst-vor-anderen-fluechtlingen-weil-sie-sich-fuer-frauen-oder-schw-67527054.bild.html|access-date=June 30, 2021|website=bild.de|language=de-DE))</ref>

== See also ==
*[[LGBT rights in Syria]]
*[[LGBT rights in the Middle East]]
*[[LGBT in Islam]]

== References ==
((reflist))

==Further reading==
Akkad, Abdulrahman (May 5, 2021). [https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/840080/edc5d45509fa52d79b4e63b998daec89/Stellungnahme_Dr-Dr-David-Berger-data.pdf Bundestag] of [[David Berger (theologian)|David Berger]] 14th report of the [[Bundestag|German Federal Government]] on its human rights policy (reporting period October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2020)

== External links ==
((Commons category-inline))
*[http://www.abdulrahmanakkad.com Official Website] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210905100526/https://abdulrahmanakkad.com/ Archived] September 5, 2021 on [[Wayback Machine]]
* ((Instagram|id=abdulrahman.akkad|name=Abdulrahman Akkad's))
* ((Twitter|id=Official_Akkad))
* ((YouTube|channel=UCBa_xCn8hDMA6iTcE8lPxtQ))

((Portal bar|LGBT|Biography|Society))
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((DEFAULTSORT:Akkad, Abdulrahman))
[[Category:Arab activists]]
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Syrian LGBT rights activists]]
[[Category:Syrian gay men]]
[[Category:People from Aleppo]]
[[Category:Syrian exiles]]
[[Category:Syrian emigrants to Germany]]
[[Category:Syrian bloggers]]
[[Category:Syrian human rights activists]]
[[Category:Syrian democracy activists]]
[[Category:People of the Syrian civil war]]
[[Category:Syrian dissidents]]
[[Category:Syrian refugees]]
[[Category:Syrian feminists]]
[[Category:Gay politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Syrian writers]]

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