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((Short description|Species of conifer))
((italic title))
((speciesbox
| name = Pindrow fir
| image = Road to Bagi.jpg
| image_caption = ''Abies pindrow'' at [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">((cite iucn |author=Xiang, Q. |author2=Carter, G. |author3=Rushforth, K. |date=2013 |title=''Abies pindrow'' |volume=2013 |page=e.T42294A2970337 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42294A2970337.en |access-date=20 November 2021))</ref>
| genus = Abies
| species = pindrow
| authority = ([[John Forbes Royle|Royle]] ex [[David Don|D.Don]]) [[John Forbes Royle|Royle]]
))((More citations needed|date=August 2018))

'''''Abies pindrow''''', the '''pindrow fir''' or '''west Himalayan fir''', is a [[fir]] native to the western [[Himalaya]] and adjacent mountains, from northeast [[Afghanistan]] east through northern [[Pakistan]] and [[India]] to central [[Nepal]].

== Description ==
[[File:20130527 BirrCastle AbiesPindrow Cutler P1470513.jpg|left|thumb|278x278px|Leaves of ''Abies pindrow''.]]
It is a large [[evergreen]] tree growing to ((convert|40|–|60|m)) tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to ((convert|2|-|2.5|m)). It has a conical crown with level branches.
The shoots are greyish-pink to buff-brown, smooth and glabrous (hairless). The [[leaf|leaves]] are needle-like, among the longest of any fir, ((convert|4|–|9|cm)) long, flattened in cross-section, glossy dark green above, with two whitish [[stomata]]l bands on the underside; they are arranged spirally on the shoots, but twisted at the base to lie in a flat plane either side of the shoot. The [[conifer cone|cones]] are broad cylindric-conic, ((convert|7|–|14|cm)) long and ((convert|3|–|4|cm)) broad, dark purple when young, disintegrating when mature to release the [[seed]]s 5–7 months after pollination.

The closely related [[Gamble's fir]] occurs in the same area but on somewhat drier sites; it differs in shorter leaves 2–4&nbsp;cm long with less obvious stomatal bands and arranged more radially round the shoot. The cones are very similar.

Recent research, however, has shown that ''[[Abies gamblei]]'' is not related to ''Abies pindrow''. At West [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] locations in [[Himachal]] state in [[India]] visited by members of the Dendrological Atlas team, at around 3000&nbsp;m the latter species is replaced by ''Abies gamblei'', showing no intermediate forms. Such areas included [[Churdhar]] and the upper [[Sangla Valley]] at elevations between 3000 and 3400&nbsp;m where these species have morphologically and ecologically clearly separated. Elevation-wise, pindrow fir occurs between ((convert|2000|-|3350|m)) (although mostly between 2400 and 3000 m) and ''Abies gamblei'' from ((convert|3000|-|3500|m)). Some references of ((convert|3700|m)) naming (in error) "''[[Abies spectabilis]]''" in the western Himalayas, most probably are true for ''Abies gamblei'', but to confirm this would require further research.<ref>((cite book|title=Conifers Around the World|year=2012|publisher=DendroPress|isbn=978-9632190617|pages=1089|url= http://conifersaroundtheworld.com|author =Zsolt Debreczy|author2 =Istvan Racz|edition=1st|editor=Kathy Musial))</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
[[File:Rich Green Mukeshpuri.JPG|left|thumb|306x306px|''Abies pindrow'' at Mt. [[Mukeshpuri]], [[Pakistan]].]]
''A. pindrow'' grows at altitudes of ((convert|2400|-|3700|m)) in forests together with [[Cedrus deodara]], [[Picea smithiana]] and [[Pinus wallichiana]] typically occupying cooler, moister north-facing slopes.

== Uses ==
The pindrow fir is used to a small extent for [[timber]] in its native range. It is occasionally grown as an ornamental tree in large [[garden]]s in western [[Europe]], but demands high humidity and rainfall to grow well. The name ''pindrow'' derives from the tree's name in [[Nepali language|Nepali]].

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[http://www.conifers.org/pi/Abies_pindrow.php Gymnosperm Database: ''Abies pindrow'']

((Taxonbar|from=Q1036491))

[[Category:Abies|pindrow]]
[[Category:Trees of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Flora of Tibet]]
[[Category:Trees of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Trees of temperate climates]]

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