Abtao Island
Native name:
Huapi Abtao
Abtao Island, lower left
Map
Geography
Coordinates41°49′1″S 73°19′27″W / 41.81694°S 73.32417°W / -41.81694; -73.32417
Adjacent toReloncaví Sound, Chacao Channel
Length5.2 km (3.23 mi)[1]
Width.8 km (0.5 mi)[1]
Administration
RegionLos Lagos
ProvinceLlanquihue
CommuneCalbuco
Additional information
NGA UFI -871157

Abtao Island[2] (Isla de Abtao) is part of the Chiloé Archipelago, Chile.[3][4]

During the Chincha Islands War, the Battle of Abtao took place near the island on 7 February 1866.

Geography

The island is volcanic, lying northwest–southeast off the east coast of the Challahue peninsula.[1] It is about five kilometers long and averages about 800 meters in width.[1] At its northwest end it terminates at Punta Barranco to the north and Punta Lilihue to the west. At about the northern third the island thins, and there is a protected port, Puerto Abtao, on the western side.[5] At its southwest end it terminates at Punta Quilque.[3][1] Its southern half is relatively flat, rising slightly higher, 47 meters,[1] to the north with a broken terrain.[3] The island is partially forested.[6]

History

At the time of the Spanish colonization of the Americas the island was the domain of the nomadic indigenous Chono people.[7] The island's name "Abtao" is of Chono origin.[8]

The first recorded settlement on Abtao began in 1602 when about three hundred Huilliche who remained loyal to the Spanish fled from the city of Osorno after the Destruction of the Seven Cities, and settled on the island.[9] This population was not subject to the encomienda, but was considered an independent group allied to the Spaniards of the Governorate of Chiloé. The Spanish built a fort on nearby Calbuco Island in 1603 to provide for the protection of this settlement and others in the Gulf of Ancud and Chiloé Archipelago.

The island was one of the last Spanish possessions in Chile, not falling to the Chilean nationalists until 1826.[10]

The Battle of Abtao took place on 7 February 1866 in the channel that separates the island from Punta Auco on the Challahue peninsula to the northwest. As part of the blockade on Valparaiso during the Chincha Islands War the Spanish sent two ironclads to destroy the combined Chilean-Bolivian-Peruvian fleet. The attempt was unsuccessful.[11] All three South American participants issued medals for the action.[12] There is a small monument on the island to the battle, where, annually, Chilean Navy personnel commemorate the successful repulsing of the enemy.[13]

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b c d e f Cordovez, Alfonso Freile (1942). "El grupo isleño de las Calbuco". Clío. 6 (12): 129–132.
  2. ^ Abtao Island GeoNames
  3. ^ a b c "Abtao". Diccionario Geográfico de la República de Chile (in Spanish). 1899. p. 3.
  4. ^ Cárdenas Alvarez, Renato (1997). "Abtao". El libro de los lugares de Chiloé (in Spanish). Castro, Chile: Orígenes. p. 10. ISBN 978-956-7643-02-8.
  5. ^ "Mapas Sensibilidad Ambiental Bahía Puerto Montt, Puertos Abtao, Pilolcura y Calbuco" (PDF). Chile: Dirección General del Territorio Marítimo y Marina Mercante, Medio Ambiente Acuatico. 2021. pp. 18–22.
  6. ^ Armesto, J. J.; Mitchell, J. D.; Villagran, C. (1986). "A comparison of spatial patterns of trees in some tropical and temperate forests". Biotropica. 18 (1): 1–11. doi:10.2307/2388354. JSTOR 2388354.
  7. ^ Ibar Bruce, Jorge (1960). "Ensayo sobre los indios chonos e interpretación de sus tiponimias". Anales de la Universidad de Chile (117).
  8. ^ Latorre, Guillermo (1998). "Sustrato y superestrato multilingües en la toponimia del extremo sur de Chile". Estudios Filológicos (in Spanish). 33: 55–67.
  9. ^ Mansilla Almonacid, José D. (2002). "La población de Calbuco evolución de las cifras. Siglos XVII-XX" (PDF). Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales (in Spanish). 6: 125–134.
  10. ^ Barros Arana, Diego (1856). Las Campañas de Chiloé (1820-1826). Documento Justificativo Nº 14. Santiago, Chile: Universidad de Chile.
  11. ^ Scheina, Robert L. (1987). Latin America: A Naval History, 1810-1987. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-87021-295-6.
  12. ^ South American Decorations and War Medals. 1932. pp. 60 (Bolivia), 112 (Chile), 158 (Peru).
  13. ^ Guarda Ojeda, Rodrigo (8 February 2006). "Conmemoran 140 años de la batalla naval de Abtao". El Lanquihue (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 June 2016.
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