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((Short description|Second ruler of Almohad dynasty (r. 1163–1184)))
((for|the later Marinid sultan of Morocco|Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr))
((More citations needed|date=December 2009))
((Infobox royalty
| name         = Abu Yaqub Yusuf
| title        = [[Amir al-Mu'minin]]; prev. amir al-muslimin <small>(1163-1168)</small><br>[[List of Caliphs|Caliph]]
| image        = Abu Yaqub Yusef Coin.png
| succession   = Ruler of the [[Almohad Caliphate]]
| reign        = 1163–1184
| issue        = [[Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur]] <br />[[Zaynab bent Youssef]]
| full name    = Abu Yaqub Yusuf ibn Abd al-Mu'min
| predecessor  = [[Abd al-Mu'min|Abd al-Mu'min ibn Ali]]
| successor    = [[Yaqub al-Mansur|Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur]]
| dynasty      = [[Almohad dynasty|Almohad]]
| father       = [[Abd al-Mu'min|Abd al-Mu'min ibn Ali]]
| mother       = Safiyya bint Abi Imran
| birth_date   = 1135
| birth_place  = [[Tinmel]]
| death_date   = 1184 (aged 48–49)
| death_place  = near [[Évora]]
| date of burial = 
| place of burial = [[Tinmel]]
| religion     = [[Islam]]|
| caption      = Coin minted during the reign of Abu Yaqub Yusuf
))

'''Abu Ya`qub Yusuf''' or '''Yusuf I''' (((Lang-ar|أبو يعقوب يوسف)) ''Abū Ya‘qūb Yūsuf''; 1135 – 14 October 1184)<ref name="Mo3jib"/> was the second [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] ''[[Amir]]'' or caliph. He reigned from 1163 until 1184 in Marrakesh. He was responsible for the construction of the [[Giralda]] in [[Seville]], which was part of a new [[Friday mosque|grand mosque]].<ref name=":23">((Cite book|last=Bennison|first=Amira K.|title=The Almoravid and Almohad Empires|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2016))</ref>
He was a keen student of philosophy and patron of [[Averroes]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Averroes#ref509|title = Averroes &#124; Biography, Philosophy, Books, & History &#124; Britannica))</ref>

==Life==
Yusuf was the son of [[Abd al-Mu'min]], the first caliph of the Almohad dynasty. His mother was Safiyya bint Abi Imran,<ref>((Cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Matthew S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3QzDwAAQBAJ |title=Concubines and Courtesans: Women and Slavery in Islamic History |last2=Hain |first2=Kathryn A. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2017 |isbn=9780190622183 |pages=147 |language=en))</ref> a [[masmuda]] woman from [[Tinmel]], the daughter of Abu Imran Musa ibn Sulayman al-Kafif, a companion of [[Ibn Tumart]].<ref name="miranda">((Cite encyclopedia|year=1986|editor1-link=Peri Bearman|editor5-last=Heinrichs|editor4-first=E.|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor3-first=C.E.|editor3-last=Bosworth|editor2-first=Th.|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor1-first=P.|editor1-last=Bearman|editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs|editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|isbn=9004081143|title=Abū Yaʿḳūb Yūsuf|page=162|volume=I|edition=2nd|publication-place=Leiden, Netherlands|orig-year=1960|first=A.|last=Huici Miranda|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/abu-yakub-yusuf-SIM_0274|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|editor5-first=W.P.))</ref> Like a number of Almohad rulers, Yusuf favored the [[Zahiri]]te or literalist school of Muslim [[Fiqh|jurisprudence]] and was a religious scholar in his own right. He was said to have memorized [[Sahih Bukhari]] and [[Sahih Muslim]], two collections of [[Muhammad]]'s [[Hadith|statements]] considered canonical in [[Sunni Islam]], by heart, and was a patron of the theologians of his era.<ref>[[Shawqi Daif]], Introduction to Ibn Mada's ''Refutation of the Grammarians'', pg. 5. Cairo, 1947.</ref> Respected men of letters such as [[Ibn Rushd]] and [[Ibn Tufayl]] were entertained at his court.<ref>[[Kojiro Nakamura]], "Ibn Mada's Criticism of Arab Grammarians." ''Orient'', v. 10, pgs. 89-113. 1974</ref> Yusuf favored Cordoban polymath [[Ibn Maḍāʾ]] as his [[wikt:chief judge|chief judge]]; during the [[Almohad reforms]], the two oversaw the banning of any religious material written by non-Zahirites.<ref>[[Kees Versteegh]], ''The Arabic Linguistic Tradition'', pg. 142. Part of Landmarks in Linguistic Thought series, vol. 3. [[New York City|New York]]: [[Routledge]], 1997. ((ISBN|9780415157575))</ref> Yusuf's son al-Mansur would eventually take the reforms even further, actually burning non-Zahirite books instead of merely banning them.<ref>Shawqi Daif, Introduction to Ibn Mada's ''Refutation of the Grammarians'', pg. 6. Cairo, 1947.</ref>

In 1170 he invaded [[Iberia]], conquering [[al-Andalus]] and ravaging [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]] and [[Catalonia]]. The following year he established himself in [[Seville]].<ref name=pascual424>"The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain," taken from [[Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari]]'s ''Nafhut Tibb min Ghusn al-Andalus al-Ratib wa Tarikh Lisan ad-Din [[Ibn al-Khatib]]''. Translated by [[Pascual de Gayangos y Arce]] from copies in the [[British Museum]]. Pg. 319. [[London]]: The Orientalist Translation Fund of [[Great Britain]] and [[Ireland]]. Sold by [[W. H. Allen Ltd]] and M. Duprat.</ref> He ordered the construction of numerous buildings, such as the [[Alcazar of Seville|Alcazar]], the Buhaira palace and the fortress of [[Alcalá de Guadaíra]].

Abu Ya'qub Yusuf was wounded at the [[Siege of Santarém (1184)]], in which he died on the road to Seville, near Évora.<ref name="miranda2">((Cite encyclopedia|year=1986|editor1-link=Peri Bearman|editor5-last=Heinrichs|editor4-first=E.|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor3-first=C.E.|editor3-last=Bosworth|editor2-first=Th.|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor1-first=P.|editor1-last=Bearman|editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs|editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|isbn=9004081143|title=Abū Yaʿḳūb Yūsuf|page=161|volume=I|edition=2nd|publication-place=Leiden, Netherlands|orig-year=1960|first=A.|last=Huici Miranda|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/abu-yakub-yusuf-SIM_0274|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|editor5-first=W.P.))</ref> His body was sent from Seville to [[Tinmel]] where he was buried.<ref name="Mo3jib">[[Abdelwahid al-Marrakushi]] "al-Mojib fi Talkhis Akhbar al-Maghrib" [The Pleasant Book in Summarizing the History of the Maghreb] (1224) pp.125-126</ref>

==References==
((reflist))

<br>
((S-start))
((Succession box|
 before=[[Abd al-Mu'min]]|
 title=[[Almohad dynasty]] |
 years=1163&ndash;1184|
 after=[[Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur]]))
((S-end))

[[Category:1135 births]]
[[Category:1184 deaths]]
[[Category:12th-century Almohad caliphs]]
[[Category:People from Tinmel]]
[[Category:People from Marrakesh]]
[[Category:12th-century Berber people]]

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