Indian Jain religious leader
Acharya Tulsi |
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 Acharya Tulsi |
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| Born | (1914-10-20)20 October 1914
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| Died | 23 June 1997(1997-06-23) (aged 82) |
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| Religion | Jainism |
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| Sect | Śvetāmbara |
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| Predecessor | Acharya Kalugani |
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| Successor | Acharya Mahapragya |
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Acharya Tulsi (20 October 1914 – 23 June 1997) was a prominent Jain religious leader.[1] He was the founder of the Anuvrata movement[2] and the Jain Vishva Bharti Institute, Ladnun, and the author of over one hundred books.
Acharya Mahapragya, Acharya Mahashraman and Sadhvipramukha Kanakprabha were his disciples.[3]
Biography
Acharya Tulsi was born on 20 October 1914 in Ladnun, in present Nagaur district of Rajasthan, to Vadana and Jhumarmal Khater.[4] Acharya Kalugani, then the leader of the Śvetāmbara Terapanth association, greatly influenced Tulsi. Tulsi was initiated into monkhood at age 11 in 1925. In 1936, Kalugani nominated Tulsi to be his successor in Gangapur at Rang Bhawan-the house of Ranglal Hiran, making him the ninth Acharya of the Terapanth Sangha.[5] During his leadership of the Sangha, he initiated more than 776 monks and nuns.
Scholarship
In the 1970s, Acharya Tulsi began researching, compiling translations and commentaries on the Jain Agamas. Acharya Tulsi, along with Yuvacharya Mahapragya, sought to rediscover Jain meditation and termed it preksha dhyan.
Anuvrat movement
In 1949 he launched the Anuvrat movement[6] (anu = small, vrat=vow, Anuvratas are the limited version of the Mahavratas for the monks), based on the five Jain principles Truth, Nonviolence, Non possession, Non-stealing and Celibacy as applied in their limited version for the lay people. The movement encouraged people to apply the Anuvratas in their personal lives, even when dealing with non-religious aspects of the society. The movement also held that dharma is not for ensuring happiness in the future lives but also for achieving happiness in the present life.[7]
The movement has continued under the leadership of his disciple Yuvacharya Mahapragya. He was raised to the rank of the acharya by Acharya Tulsi himself.
Institutions
In 1948 Tulsi established the Parmarthik Shikshan Sanstha, a spiritual training centre for female aspirants who wanted to lead the Jain monastic lifestyle. Jain Vishva Bharati Institute, an education and research institute was established in 1991 with inspiration from Acharya Tulsi.
Traditionally Jain monks have been prohibited from travelling overseas.[8] Tulsi developed the Saman Order around 1980 in an effort to spread the preachings of Jainism worldwide. This order follows the lifestyle of sadhus and sadhvis with two exceptions: They are granted permission to use means of transportation. They are allowed to take food which is prepared for them. This order can be termed as the link between the normal households and the Jain monks and nun.
As a wandering ascetic
Jain monks and nuns remain under a vow of moving on foot all their life. In Tulsi's lifetime he covered more than 70,000 km.[9] His major wanderings included:
- 1949: From Bikaner to Jaipur, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab and back to Rajasthan.
- 1955: From Rajasthan to Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and back to Rajasthan.
- 1958: From Rajasthan to Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal, again Bihar, Uttar pradesh, Delhi, Haryana and back to Rajasthan.
- 1966: From Rajasthan to Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and back to Rajasthan.
- 1974: From Rajasthan to Haryana, Delhi, Punjab, and back to Rajasthan.
- 1981: From Rajasthan to Haryana, Delhi and back to Rajasthan.
- 1987: From Rajasthan to Haryana and Delhi and back to Rajasthan.
In the course of these travels, Tulsi visited numerous communities and preached to Anuvrat-oriented life.
Call for Jain unity
Acharya Tulsi proposed harmonious cooperation among various Jain sects. To this end, he supported Acharya Vinoba Bhave in the publication of Samana Suttam a book accepted by all sects.
