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((Short description|Italian general (1775–1838)))
((more citations needed|date=March 2017))
((Expand Italian|Achille Fontanelli|date=March 2017))

((Infobox military person
| name          =Achille Fontanelli
| image         =PORTRAIT OF ACHILLE FONTANELLI.PNG
| caption       =Portrait by [[Andrea Appiani]]
| birth_date    =((birth-date|8 November 1775))
| death_date    =((Death date and age|df=yes|1838|7|22|1775|11|8))
| birth_place   =[[Modena]]
| death_place   =[[Milan]]
| allegiance    =((flagcountry|Napoleonic Italy))<br/>((flagcountry|Austrian Empire)) 
| branch        =Infantry
| serviceyears  =((flagicon|Napoleonic Italy)) 1797&ndash;1814<br/>((flagicon|Austrian Empire)) 1814&ndash;1815
| rank          =((flagicon|Napoleonic Italy)) [[General of Division]]<br/>((flagicon|Austrian Empire)) [[Feldmarschall-Leutnant]]
| battles       =[[Battle of Faenza]] (1797)<br/>Capture of Corfu (1798)<br/>Siege of Ancona (1799)<br/>[[Battle of Marengo|Marengo Campaign (1800)]]<br/>[[Battle of Piave River (1809)]]<br/>[[Battle of Tarvis (1809)]]<br/>[[Battle of Raab]] (1809)<br/>[[Battle of Großbeeren]] (1813)<br/>[[Battle of Dennewitz]] (1813)<br/>[[Battle of Wartenburg]] (1813)<br/>[[Battle of Leipzig]] (1813) 
| awards        =
| laterwork     =
))
'''Achille Fontanelli''' (8 November 1775 – 22 July 1838) was an Italian [[Patriotism|nationalist]] and Napoleonic [[general]]. Born into a low-ranking noble family, he took service with a pro-French Italian military unit in 1797. He was captured in 1799 but was repatriated in time to serve in the [[Battle of Marengo|Marengo Campaign]] in 1800. He was promoted to [[general officer]] in 1804 and in the 1809 war he led an Italian division in several major battles. After serving as Minister of War to [[Eugène de Beauharnais]], he was tapped to command a division in the 1813 campaign. After the collapse of [[Napoleon]]'s empire in 1814, he took service with the [[Austrian Empire]].

==Biography==
Fontanelli was born in [[Modena]] on 8 November 1775 to a minor Italian aristocratic family, son of Marquis Alfonso and Paolina Cervi. His parents died while he was young. With the arrival in Italy of [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]'s French army in 1796 he enrolled in the city Guard of Modena.<ref name="bio">((cite encyclopedia |title=Fontanelli, Achille |first=Livio |last=Antonielli |encyclopedia=[[Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani]] |volume=48 |date=1997 |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/achille-fontanelli_(Dizionario-Biografico)/))</ref>

===Early military career===
The following year he transferred to one of the Bologna Cohorts of the [[Lombard Legion]], which became part of [[Jean Lannes]]' brigade. In February he served against [[Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi]]'s forces in Romagna, and was at the capture of [[Ancona]]. In mid June Bonaparte ordered an expedition against the [[Ionian Islands]]. The Lombard Legion had been split in two parts with the Transpadane Cohorts gathered under the name of the 3rd Legion. Taking temporary command of this unit Fontanelli led it in the capture of [[Corfu]]. In 1798 his command returned to central Italy and joined [[Giuseppe Lechi]] for a joint march against Rome, however the Pope resigned before the invasion so the Legion remained in garrison at [[Pesaro]].

===War of the Second Coalition 1799–1800===
In 1799, the Lombard Legion evolved into the 3rd Cisalpine [[Demi-Brigade]]. After the renewed outbreak of hostilities Fontanelli marched towards Ferrara and Verona under [[Joseph Hélie Désiré Perruquet de Montrichard]], serving at the action at Finale and retreating to Bologna, then to Pesaro, where, together with [[Domenico Pino]], he refused to participate in General Lahoz's decision to capitulate. Fontanelli instead marched the Legion to [[Ancona]], which was under blockade from a joint Turkish-Russian fleet led by admirals Wejnowich and Pastokhin. The Fontanelli column was welcome in the Citadel, but Fontanelli was arrested on suspicion of insubordination. The Cisalpine officers were however totally discharged, and attached to the Ancona garrison.

Following the eventual surrender of Ancona at the end of 1799 Fontanelli was repatriated to France, where in 1800 he was reassigned to command a light infantry battalion of the Legione Italica. At the head of this he followed Bonaparte in the [[Napoleon Crossing the Alps|crossing of the Alps]] and the [[Battle of Marengo|Marengo Campaign]].

===Napoleonic Wars===
In 1802 he served as an [[aide-de-camp]] to Napoleon. In 1804 he was named [[General de Brigade]], [[Count of the Empire]], and Commander of the [[Légion d'Honneur]]. On 1 August 1805 Fontanelli was appointed commander of the Corps of Gardes Velites in the [[Italian Royal Guard]] under [[Domenico Pino|Pino]], holding this post until 1811. In 1805–1806 he commanded the Italian division in Italy.<ref>((Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cLjJV7AKPkAC&q=Achille+Fontanelli&pg=PA11|title=Napoleon's Italian Campaigns: 1805–1815|last1=Schneid|first1=Frederick C.|last2=Rothenberg|first2=Gunther E.|date=2002|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-96875-5|language=en))</ref>

Promoted [[Division General|General de Division]] in 1809, he took command of the 2nd, later 1st Italian Division in the Army of Italy under [[Eugène de Beauharnais]]. Initially serving in the [[Tyrolean Rebellion|Tyrol campaign]] in April, his corps returned to Italy to fight at the [[Battle of Piave River (1809)|Battle of Piave]] on 8 May 1809. He also led his troops at the [[Battle of Tarvis (1809)|Battle of Tarvis]] on 17 May and [[Battle of Raab]] on 14 June. After the [[Battle of Wagram]] he was honoured as [[Count of the Empire]], Grand Officer of the [[Legion d'Honneur]] and [[major general]] in 1810. Appointed [[aide-de-camp]] to the king and commander of the 1st Military Division at Milan, he was appointed Minister of the War and Navy of the [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]] from 1811 to 1814.

From 1813 he was charged with the reorganization of the Italian troops into five divisions. In autumn 1813 he was given command of the 15th Division composed of four regiments and a divisional battery (brigades of Sant'Andrea and Moroni) of Italians in [[IV Corps (Grande Armée)|IV Corps]] under [[Henri Gatien Bertrand]], replacing [[Luigi Gaspare Peyri]], and saw action at the battles of [[Battle of Großbeeren|Grossbeeren]] on 23 August, [[Battle of Dennewitz|Dennewitz]] 6 September, [[Battle of Wartenburg|Wartenburg]] on 3 October and [[Battle of Leipzig|Leipzig]] on 16–19 October. After Leipzig, Fontanelli's division successfully held [[Lindenau, Germany|Lindenau]], allowing the remains of Napoleon's [[La Grande Armée]] to reach France.

===Late life===
((expand section|date=March 2017))
After the Restoration he was given the rank of Austrian [[Feldmarschall-Leutnant]], with which he retired to private life and died of bone cancer in autumn 1838 in Milan. The head of his funeral procession was led by the Austrian field marshal [[Joseph Radetzky von Radetz]].

===Awards and decorations===
((expand section|date=March 2017))

==References==
((reflist))

==Further reading==
* ((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N9KY4rajGDkC |title = Biografie di Achille Fontanelli, di Francesco Teodoro Arese e di Pietro Teulie|author= Maggiore Jacopetti|date= 1845 |location=Milan ))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Fontanelli, Achille))
[[Category:18th-century Italian military personnel]]
[[Category:Italian generals]]
[[Category:Italian military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:Italian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:Austrian Empire military personnel]]
[[Category:1775 births]]
[[Category:1838 deaths]]

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