Extinct Native American language
Adai (also Adaizan, Adaizi, Adaise, Adahi, Adaes, Adees, Atayos) is an extinct Native American language that was spoken in northwestern Louisiana.
Classification
It was once proposed that there may be a connection between Adai and the nearby Caddoan languages, but this now seems unlikely.[2]
Vocabulary
Adai is known only from a list of 275 words from 1804 by John Sibley.[3] The manuscript word list below has been reproduced from Grant's (1995) transcriptions.[2] (Note: Due to the poor printing in Grant (1995), the text below may not be entirely accurate and will need to be re-checked.)
Nouns
| gloss |
Adai
|
| fire |
nang
|
| water |
holcat
|
| earth |
capăt
|
| air |
gavecăt
|
| wind |
solette
|
| sky |
ganick
|
| sun |
naleen
|
| moon |
nachavat
|
| star |
otat
|
| light |
cahachet
|
| darkness |
hachaoosto
|
| day |
nestack
|
| night |
arestenet
|
| cold |
hastalza
|
| smoke |
sewot
|
| cloud |
sowie
|
| fog |
sawiatto
|
| rain |
ganic
|
| hail |
hiechuck
|
| ice |
hăhing
|
| frost |
hatsuck
|
| dew |
helgat
|
| rainbow |
cochakee
|
| thunder |
nacotrine
|
| lightning |
newiche
|
| yesterday |
woncha
|
| today |
naleaton
|
| tomorrow |
ansteete
|
| a day |
nallenachus
|
| a month |
ponachus
|
| a year |
ovetsnachus
|
| spring |
hoasang
|
| summer |
weetsuck
|
| autumn |
hăstal neetsoock
|
| winter |
henawnck
|
| a man |
haasing
|
| a woman |
quaechuke
|
| a boy |
tallahache
|
| a girl |
quoatwistuck
|
| a child |
tallahaning
|
| father |
kewanick
|
| mother |
amanie
|
| brother |
gasing
|
| sister |
nasing
|
| husband |
hasekino
|
| wife |
quochekino
|
| son |
tallehennic
|
| daughter |
quolasinic
|
| the body |
stieng
|
| the head |
tochae
|
| the hair |
catatuck
|
| the beard |
tosocat
|
| the faced |
annack
|
| an eye |
analca
|
| the nose |
wecoocat
|
| the cheek |
ampachochuk
|
| chin |
teaskuck
|
| lip |
wacachuck
|
| mouth |
wacatcholak
|
| tooth |
awat
|
| tongue |
tenanat
|
| ear |
calat
|
| neck |
hautoleat
|
| arm |
walcat
|
| wrist |
sickolat
|
| hand |
secut
|
| finger |
okinsin
|
| belly |
noeyack
|
| back |
sahaocat
|
| side |
soleot
|
| bubby |
acut
|
| nipple |
actonè
|
| thigh |
otack
|
| leg |
ahasuck
|
| foot |
nocal
|
| toe |
notocat
|
| skin |
polac
|
| nails |
sicksapasca
|
| bone |
wahacut
|
| blood |
pchack
|
| life |
waaton
|
| death |
oeying
|
| food |
capisting
|
| meat |
kosing
|
| fat |
taanack
|
| lean |
ahcanick
|
| bread |
okhapin
|
| Indian corn |
ocasuck
|
| milk |
haplecut
|
| egg |
oalaken
|
| a house |
coochut
|
| buffalo |
haapan
|
| elk |
wakhanissie
|
| deer |
wakhine
|
| bear |
solang
|
| wolf |
akalasco
|
| panther |
hieanne
|
| wildcat |
ocashine
|
| polecat |
nowat
|
| fox |
yanostan
|
| beaver |
culawa
|
| raccoon |
angalasto
|
| opossum |
wasehat
|
| hare |
awaine
|
| squirrel |
onack
|
| flying squirrel |
paachan
|
| mole |
ainolack
|
| a bird |
washang
|
| an eagle |
ochuck
|
| a hawk |
tiang
|
| owl |
onack
|
| turkey |
owachuck
|
| swan |
teotoka
|
| wild goose |
nicknicka
|
| duck |
ahuck
|
| turkey buzzard |
aspachuack
|
| raven |
anak
|
| crow |
antocock (anlocock)
|
| blackbird |
tehalhuck
|
| crane |
cuhat
|
| pigeon |
anchocat
|
| pheasant |
newatocat
|
| partridge |
newan
|
| mockingbird |
waccocochin
|
| redbird |
yatochosto
|
| snake |
hostuck
|
| lizard |
annuila
|
| butterfly |
washep
|
| fly |
ganetso
|
| fish |
aesut
|
| frog |
halonloka (halontoka)
|
| gold |
selhack
|
| silver |
stawa
|
| copper |
holnasak
|
| a stone |
ekseka
|
| wood |
mang
|
| gum |
wastocha
|
| a mountain |
tolola
|
| hill |
newanah
|
| valley |
steluck
|
| sea |
aatack
|
| lake |
aatalkon
|
| pond |
holcata
|
| river |
yawichat
|
| creek |
yacuck
|
| a spring |
holcastalga
|
| grass |
hasack
|
| a tree |
tanack
|
| pine |
tanquechat
|
| cedar |
nooktanuck
|
| sycamore |
heohè
|
| ash |
toltenna
|
| elm |
napstein
|
| beech |
hancaptin
|
| birch |
caoluck
|
| maple |
wieack
|
| oak |
pantana
|
| chestnut |
hangan
|
| hickory |
tampchasuck
|
| walnut |
nahattonie
|
| locust |
nohat
|
| mulberry |
etalenno
|
| a vine |
colac
|
| tobacco |
hackhuck
|
| joy |
olaha
|
| sorrow |
cachtiek
|
Adjectives
| gloss |
Adai
|
| white |
testaga
|
| black |
hatona
|
| green |
naetsa
|
| blue |
ostonga
|
| yellow |
neetsack
|
| red |
pechasat
|
| good |
awiste
|
| bad |
ashawè
|
| large |
tocat
|
| small |
enechet
|
| high |
alonie
|
| low |
hatishtinet
|
| broad |
walack
|
| narrow |
cooatechuck
|
| old |
hansnala
|
| young |
tallahasin
|
| new |
colisco
|
| hard |
toosca
|
| soft |
yolaca
|
| sweet |
piscacha
|
| sour |
chacuck
|
| bitter |
yaweiling
|
| hot |
welchuck
|
| cold |
hostalga
|
| dry |
tollooso
|
| wet |
walloco
|
| strong |
olack
|
| weak |
okesack
|
| pretty |
alwoinie
|
| ugly |
chawack
|
| sick |
kistana
|
| brave |
hackhing
|
| cowardly |
tewani
|
| wise |
acknossese
|
| foolish |
achiskiet
|
Pronouns
| gloss |
Adai
|
| I |
hicatuck
|
| you |
innaluak
|
| he |
nassicon
|
| she |
estuck
|
| they |
ostachan
|
| this |
attack
|
| that |
natack
|
Verbs
| gloss |
Adai
|
| to eat |
okeach
|
| to drink |
hann
|
| to sleep |
nican
|
| to laugh |
heike
|
| to cry |
newaskè
|
| to sing |
havetoo
|
| to whistle |
yastoo
|
| to smell |
nescon
|
| to hear |
henaasack
|
| to see |
watuck
|
| to speak |
cocheek
|
| to walk |
enacoot
|
| to run |
hehi
|
| to stand |
hintoco
|
| to sit |
hetachelsa
|
| to lie down |
connie
|
| to smoke a pipe |
hatchhunk
|
| to love |
cosetan
|
| to hate |
hieska
|
| to strike |
ecanhack
|
| to kill |
yoeick
|
| to dance |
nasan
|
| to jump |
yestook
|
| to fall |
yeahtack
|
| to break |
cheeceek (cheereek?)
|
| to bend |
pasquoque
|
Numerals
| gloss |
Adai
|
| 1 |
nancas
|
| 2 |
nass
|
| 3 |
colle
|
| 4 |
tacache
|
| 5 |
seppacan
|
| 6 |
pacanancus
|
| 7 |
pacaness
|
| 8 |
pacalcon
|
| 9 |
sickinish
|
| 10 |
neusne
|
| 11 |
cooscosnawa
|
| 12 |
coawaconnos
|
| 13 |
coescoescola
|
| 14 |
coescoestacahce
|
| 15 |
coescoesspacanas
|
| 16 |
coescoespacana
|
| 17 |
coescoespalcol
|
| 18 |
coescoespaciness
|
| 19 |
coescoessickiness
|
| 20 |
neusnieanagas
|
| 20 |
coescoesnagas
|
| 30 |
coescoesnass
|
| 40 |
coescoescola
|
| 50 |
coescoestathata
|
| 60 |
coescoesipagan
|
| 70 |
coescosepanas
|
| 80 |
coescoeshana
|
| 90 |
coescoespalcola
|
| 100 |
coescoessikiness
|
| 200 |
neusnicola
|
| 300 |
neusnicol
|
| 400 |
coscosnagas
|
| 500 |
coscosnassa
|
| 600 |
coescoescolla
|
| 700 |
coescoestacataha
|
| 800 |
coescoesipacanis
|
| 900 |
coescoespacanis
|
| 1000 |
quosquospanis
|
Others
| gloss |
Adai
|
| yes |
cola
|
| no |
ieska
|
