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Adelaide Educational Institution was a privately run non-sectarian academy for boys in Adelaide founded in 1852 by John Lorenzo Young.[1][2]

He avoided rote learning, punishment and religious instruction, but taught moral philosophy, physiology, political economy and mechanical drawing ... (and) surveying on field trips.[3]

The school closed when he retired in 1880. By this time Prince Alfred College had emerged as a strong alternative for sons of well-to-do Protestants.

History

In 1852 Young opened a school with two, then three pupils (Hubert Giles,[4] Caleb Peacock and John Partridge) in the "Peacock Chapel"[5] lent by Mr Peacock[4] in the rear of the (Congregational) Ebenezer Chapel in Ebenezer Place,[3] off the east end of Rundle Street. The number grew to seventeen at years end.[6] and he was advertising for evening classes in Geometry and Arithmetic, apply between 6 and 7pm at Stephens Place,[7] off the west end of Rundle Street where the Young family had a home, and to which street the school moved, perhaps as early as 1854.[8] Fees for day students were 10 guineas (£10/10/-) per annum, (payable quarterly in advance). Facilities were available for boarding.[9] His residence was also located on Stephens Place.[10] By December 1855 the school had 107 students,[6] perhaps close to 200 in 1857,[4] 130 in 1862,[11] 133 in 1868.

Next venue was the Congregational chapel in Freeman Street (now that section of Gawler Place between Pirie and Flinders Streets).[12]

In 1872 he had new premises built at Parkside on what became Young Street, named after the headmaster.[13]

E. S. Hughes recalled, in a letter to The Advertiser, a tableau of life during his time at the institution.

About that time I was at the late J. L. Young's – at Young's Lane, as it was then called – Parkside, as a boarder, and with three other strong Churchmen used to attend St Paul's Church, Flinders Street. Dear old Dean Russell, of blessed memory, wished us to be confirmed; and, as our parents agreed, we escaped from lessons two nights a week to attend classes. Consequently we had a good time going home afterwards, on some occasions climbing the posts and 'dousing the glim' as the sailors say, performing other boyish tricks, and arriving very late because of such 'awfully long classes'[14]

Education in early South Australia

(Taken from Geoffrey H. Manning's A Colonial Experience)[15]

From a welter of amateur establishments emerged two institutions, one of which did noble service to two generations, the other the germ of one of the colony's greatest denominational schools today. The first was John Lorenzo Young's Adelaide Educational Institute, which in its peregrinations from a room at the rear of Ebenezer Chapel (now built over by the East End Market), by way of Stephens Place and Gawler Place, to a final home at Young Street, Parkside, educated 1,500 young South Australians many of later distinction – Caleb Peacock, Adelaide's first native-born Mayor, Charles Cameron Kingston, the dominating figure on the colony's political horizon and Joseph Verco, doyen of our medical fraternity. The other institution was the crib in which St Peter's College was created.

John L Young

Main article: John Lorenzo Young

John Lorenzo Young (1826–1881) was a Londoner, the son of John Tonkin Young, a builder from Veryan, Cornwall.[16][17][18]

He received a non-sectarian education in Europe and England, with emphasis on mathematics and the newly developed sciences of geology, physics and chemistry. He worked in Cornwall on railway and mining construction then left for Adelaide in 1850.[3] on the ship "Panama", arriving on 31 October 1850. He joined the rush to the Victorian goldfields but soon returned.[17]

In 1851 he was appointed second master at the newly opened South Australian High School,[19] under Headmaster Charles Gregory Feinaigle (1817? – 10 March 1880), but the venture failed by the end of the year. The following year Young was persuaded by a group of Congregationalists to open his own school at the rear of the old chapel in Ebenezer Street off Rundle Street East, and soon moved to larger premises in Stephens Place.[17][20] His brother, Oliver Young, held classes for some time, and acted as headmaster in 1860 while J. L. Young was away on recuperation leave.[21]

In 1861 he built the large two-storey "Young House" in Parkside, which was used both as his private residence and as a student boarding house. He then commissioned architects Wright and Hamilton to design and oversee building of a schoolhouse next door. (Edmund Wright had designed many prominent Adelaide buildings including the Town Hall).[22] In 1871 he was able to relinquish the Freeman Street premises.

John retired in 1880 and closed the school, with the intention of joining his wife and large family who were visiting brother Oliver and his father in Veryan, in Cornwall. On his retirement, a testimonial was held 17 December 1880 by his old scholars, and he was presented with a purse of sovereigns.[23] His 16-room residence, with schoolhouse and various other houses on Young Street,[24] after several auction attempts in February 1881, was eventually purchased by Alfred Allen Simpson (who coincidentally had also purchased the Gawler Place school property).[12] The two Parkside buildings, at 61-71 Young Street, were sold by Alfred A., Fred N. and Violet Laura Simpson to Mr. C. O. A. Lapidge in 1922.[22] "Young House" has since been demolished but the heritage-listed schoolhouse still stands.

He embarked on the steamer John Elder in 1881 to visit England (where his father was still living), his family having preceded him, but died on 26 July 1881 while crossing the Red Sea. He was buried at sea.[17] Martha returned to Adelaide, at first living in Kent Town then settled in Glenelg. She died 6 April 1887 aged 57."Death of Mrs J. L. Young". South Australian Register. Vol. LII, no. 12, 606. South Australia. 9 April 1887. p. 5. Retrieved 25 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.

Fred W. Sims, formerly Deputy Registrar of Companies in the Supreme Court, wrote in The Advertiser:

I could tell you quite a lot about John L. Young's school— 'dear old Johnny', as we used to call him ... Mr. Young possessed, among his other fine qualities, the saving grace of humor. It is recorded that his first two pupils were Caleb Peacock and John Partridge. He remarked at the time that, whether he met with success or not as a schoolmaster, he would anyway die "game".[25]

Young's work in South Australia is commemorated by scholarships at the University of Adelaide for research in political economy.[2]

Classes and curriculum

In its first stage of the school's history, Junior (or Third) Class consisted of boys from 7 to 10 years, Science being a chief subject with (although a non-sectarian school) a little religious insight. A small but significant number of students were Orthodox Jews (e.g. Solomon family). No homework was set.

In the Second Class, homework was encouraged and after five hours of schoolwork the more industrious students would voluntarily turn in up to four long essays a week.

In Senior or First Class, subjects covered included political economy, history.[26]

Masters

Other academics at the Institution included:

Timeline

Old Scholars' Association dinner[48]
First Old Scholars' dinner[50]
Old Scholars' AGM[51]
Old Scholars' dinner[53]
Old Scholars' annual meeting scheduled for 24 June postponed to following week due to poor attendance[55]
Old Scholars' dinner[56] poor attendance

Reunions

A group of old scholars felt it appropriate to establish a memorial for J. L. Young, and from 1912 held a series of annual reunion dinners to raise funds for the memorial.

Function for Eden Herschel Babbage 21 May 1918[63]

Some students

Heroes of the SS Gothenburg wreck
Robert Brazil, John Cleland & James Fitzgerald, 1875.

Many of Young's alumni became leading figures in Adelaide's businesses and public service.

An academic certificate awarded to Charles Kingston from the Adelaide Educational Institution

Old Scholars Association

(First AGM)[116] held 15 Dec 1863 at Mr. J. L. Young's school room, Stephens-place; Mr. E. Cheetham occupied the chair. Satisfactory reports were received with reference to the success of the association. Annual prize awarded to Edward Neale Wigg. Elected: C. Peacock, President; M. L. Clark, Treasurer; Joseph Coulls, Secretary; and E. Cheetham, Walter Samson, Wm. Bickford, A. K. Whitby, and G. Cottrell.

Prizegivings and examinations

J. L. Young held twice-yearly public demonstrations, mostly held in White's Rooms, which showcased the boys' accomplishments to parents and the public. A report was published as news in the newspapers immediately after, and always in glowing terms, the copy being provided by the school. Any flaws in the operation of the school and the training of eager young minds were only hinted at in retrospect – by pronouncements on the great strides made in the current year.

There were so many other schools that copied his example that the newspapers soon recognised these reports for what they were – advertisements – and charged by the column-inch. No longer were the speeches by the headmaster and the visiting dignitary quoted verbatim and, sadly for the historian, the only students named were the recipients of prizes.

Sports

The school fielded a soccer team, two cricket teams and was a proponent of the Old Adelaide Football Club rules in 1865.[117]

A game of football was played on the school grounds, Parkside, against North Adelaide Grammar on 17 May 1873. The score of nil-all suggests the game was soccer.[118]

The first school Sports Day was held in November 1874. Prizes included silver pencil cases and gold shirt studs.[119]

Other Adelaide private schools of the period

This list is not exhaustive. Many schools changed location, identity and management. And there were many women of culture and attainment, particularly widows (such as Caroline Carleton), who subsisted on their earnings as tutors.

References

  1. ^ Adelaide Educational Institution, 6 January 1853 South Australian Register, p.2
  2. ^ a b B. K. Hyams, 'Young, John Lorenzo (1826–1881)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 6, Melbourne University Press, 1976, pp. 457–458
  3. ^ a b c Cumming, D. A. and Moxham, G. They Built South Australia published by the authors February 1986 ISBN 0 9589111 0 X
  4. ^ a b c Adelaide Educational Institution South Australian Register 16 June 1857 p.3 accessed 28 April 2011
  5. ^ a b c d Old Schools The Register 18 August 1926 p.19 accessed 3 July 2011
  6. ^ a b Adelaide Educational Institution South Australian Register 15 December 1855 p. 3 accessed 26 April 2011
  7. ^ Evening Classes, 2 November 1852 South Australian Register (Adelaide), p.4
  8. ^ "Municipal Council". South Australian Register. South Australia. 12 April 1855. p. 3. Retrieved 25 April 2020 – via Trove.
  9. ^ Adelaide Educational Institution, 25 March 1853 South Australian Register, p.2
  10. ^ Philosophical Society, 10 January 1853 South Australian Register (Adelaide), p.3
  11. ^ Adelaide Educational Institution South Australian Register 15 December 1862 p.3 accessed 3 May 2011
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  12. ^ a b In and Out of the City. By Autolycus., 22 October 1928 The Register (Adelaide), p.10
  13. ^ "Unley Corporation". The Express and Telegraph. Vol. XII, no. 3, 568. South Australia. 5 October 1875. p. 3. Retrieved 25 November 2020 – via Trove.
  14. ^ "13 Jun 1913 - The Advertiser - p1". nla.gov.au.
  15. ^ Geoffrey H. Manning Education in Early South Australia, in A Colonial Experience
  16. ^ "07 Jun 1882 - Family Notices". nla.gov.au. 7 June 1882.
  17. ^ a b c d e Young's School Diamond Jubilee Today South Australian Register Friday 11 October 1912 p.8 accessed 20 May 2011
  18. ^ Life Summary, Young, John Lorenzo (1826–1881), Australian Dictionary of Biography
  19. ^ South Australian High School, 19 July 1951, South Australian Register, p.1
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Further reading

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