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((More citations needed|date=April 2023))
((Infobox ethnic group|
|group=Afro–Antiguans and Barbudans ((flagicon|Antigua and Barbuda))
| flag             = Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg
| flag_caption     = [[Flag of Antigua and Barbuda]]
|caption= 
|population= Approx. 82,041
|popplace= ((flag|Antigua and Barbuda)) (Approx. 82,041)<ref name=cia/>
|langs= [[English language|English]], [[Leeward Caribbean Creole English]]
|rels= [[Christianity]], [[Rastafari movement]]
|related= 
))

'''Afro-Antiguans''' and '''Afro-Barbudans''' are [[Antigua and Barbuda|Antiguans and Barbudans]] of entirely or predominantly African (notably [[West Africa]]n) ancestry.

According to the 2013 Census, 91% of Antigua and Barbuda's population is Black and 4.4% is [[Mulatto]].<ref name=cia>((cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antigua-and-barbuda/ |title=CIA - The World Factbook -- Antigua and Barbuda |access-date=2013-06-09 |publisher=CIA ))</ref>
[[File:Anucarnival1.JPG|thumb|Antiguan carnival revelers]]
[[File:Slaves cutting the sugar cane - Ten Views in the Island of Antigua (1823), plate IV - BL.jpg|thumb|Slaves cutting sugar cane in Antigua]]

== Origins ==
Most of the enslaved Africans brought to Antigua and Barbuda disembarked from the [[Bight of Biafra]] (22,000 Africans) and the [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]] (16,000 Africans). Other African slaves came from the [[Windward Coast]] (11,000 Africans), the [[Kingdom of Kongo|West Central Africa]] (9,000 Africans), the [[Bight of Benin]] (6,000 Africans), [[Senegambia]] (5,000 Africans), [[Guinea]] and [[Sierra Leone]] (4,000 Africans).<ref name="photobafriban">[http://s1207.photobucket.com/user/oditous3/media/AfricanOriginsbroadregionsforCarribeanenglishfrenchnumbers.jpg.html African origins of the slaves from British and former British Antilles]</ref>

== History ==
((More citations needed|section|date=April 2023))
Settlers raised [[tobacco]], [[indigo]], [[ginger]], and [[sugarcane]] as cash crops. [[Christopher Codrington|Sir Christopher Codrington]] established the first large sugar estate in Antigua in 1674, and leased [[Barbuda]] to raise provisions for his plantations. In the fifty years after Codrington established his initial plantation, the [[sugar industry]] became so profitable that many farmers replaced other crops with sugar, making it the economic backbone of the islands. Codrington and others brought slaves from Africa's western coast to work the plantations. Africans started arriving in Antigua and Barbuda in large numbers during the 1670s; they soon became the largest racial group of Antigua and Barbuda.((citation needed|date=May 2021))

With all others in the [[British Empire]], Antiguan and Barbudan slaves were [[Abolitionism in the United Kingdom|emancipated]] in 1834, but remained economically dependent upon the plantation owners. Economic opportunities for the new freedmen were limited by a lack of surplus farming land, no access to credit, and an economy built on agriculture rather than manufacturing. Poor labour conditions persisted until 1939, when a member of a royal commission urged the formation of a trade union movement.((citation needed|date=May 2021))

In the 20th-century was redefined the role of Afro–Antiguans and Barbudans. The colonial social structure gradually started to be phased out with the introduction of universal education and better economic opportunities.<ref name=Background>((cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2336.htm |title=Background Note: Antigua and Barbuda |access-date=2007-08-23 <!--DASHBot-->))</ref>

== Statistics by Parish ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+Afro-Antiguans and Barbudans by Parish<ref name="redatam.org">((Cite web|title=Antigua and Barbuda::Statistics Division/Redatam Webserver ((!)) Statistical Process and Dissemination Tool|url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=ATGPHC2011&lang=ENG|access-date=2021-12-05|website=redatam.org))</ref>
!Parish Name
!Counts
!Percentage
|-
|Saint John's City
|18,366
|84.86%
|-
|Saint John Rural
|24,861
|84.31%
|-
|Saint Mary
|6,754
|92.13%
|-
|Saint George
|7,122
|89.29%
|-
|Saint Peter
|4,937
|92.85%
|-
|Saint Philip
|3,028
|91.15%
|-
|Saint Paul
|7,405
|91.24%
|-
|Barbuda
|1,546
|95.11%
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Place of Birth of '''''Afro-Antiguans and Barbudans'''''<ref name="redatam.org"/>
!Parish Name
!Africa
!Other Latin or North American countries
!Other Caribbean countries
!Canada
!Other Asian countries
!Other European countries
!Dominica
!Dominican Republic
!Guyana
!Jamaica
!Monsterrat
!Antigua and Barbuda
!St. Kitts and Nevis
!St. Lucia
!St. Vincent and the Grenadines
!Syria
!Trinidad and Tobago
!United Kingdom
!USA
!USVI United States Virgin Islands
!Not Stated
|-
!Saint John's City
|93
|6
|119
|20
|3
|3
|1,071
|139
|1,791
|1,311
|221
|12,553
|86
|152
|143
|0
|67
|42
|306
|69
|170
|-
!Saint John Rural
|113
|20
|223
|74
|4
|9
|1,340
|62
|1,614
|1,613
|244
|17,527
|120
|200
|286
|0
|119
|131
|767
|128
|265
|-
!Saint Mary
|3
|4
|18
|17
|2
|5
|203
|8
|283
|314
|34
|5,470
|26
|20
|19
|0
|17
|36
|184
|52
|39
|-
!Saint George
|14
|3
|69
|23
|1
|2
|239
|15
|273
|279
|61
|5,463
|37
|113
|56
|0
|31
|56
|244
|42
|98
|-
!Saint Peter
|2
|6
|24
|6
|0
|0
|139
|7
|324
|154
|22
|3,870
|23
|7
|41
|0
|10
|15
|147
|27
|114
|-
!Saint Philip
|4
|2
|14
|9
|1
|2
|81
|4
|99
|92
|6
|2,444
|7
|9
|18
|0
|6
|9
|123
|16
|81
|-
!Saint Paul
|11
|6
|53
|12
|2
|1
|149
|12
|347
|391
|28
|5,915
|30
|33
|46
|0
|18
|33
|219
|53
|49
|-
!Barbuda
|0
|1
|3
|3
|0
|0
|22
|0
|39
|19
|4
|1,409
|6
|1
|7
|0
|0
|6
|15
|3
|2
|}

== References and footnotes ==
((Reflist))

((Antiguans and Barbudans))
((African diaspora|state=collapsed))

((DEFAULTSORT:Afro-Antiguans and Barbudans))
[[Category:African diaspora in the Caribbean]]
[[Category:Antigua and Barbuda people of African descent]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Antigua and Barbuda]]
[[Category:People of African descent]]

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