Agueda Salazar Martínez (March 13, 1898 – June 6, 2000), also known as "Doña Agueda," was an American artist, noted for her Chimayó-style woven rugs and blankets.

Early life and education

Agueda Salazar was born in 1898, in Chamita, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, to Pedro and Librada Salazar.[1] Her father was a justice of the peace.[2] She learned to weave rag rugs as a girl, and later learned to weave traditional blankets and rugs.[3] She and her family moved to Medanales in 1924.[4]

Salazar Martínez could trace her ancestry to a Navajo great-grandfather, Enríquez Córdova, who was raised by the Spanish. While being proud of her Indian heritage, Salazar Martínez considered herself a mejicana, and spoke Spanish as her first language.[4]

Career

While Salazar Martínez learned how to weave as a child, she received additional training from Lorenzo Trujillo, a member of Chimayó's Trujillo family, after marrying her husband Eusebio Martínez.[4] Salazar Martínez supported her ten children by selling woven goods as well as flowers and vegetables from her garden. She developed natural dyes from crops she grew, and began improvising on the traditional designs she had learned.[5] "Doña Agueda" was in her late sixties when she began teaching weaving in a home education program. At 77 she won her first blue ribbon at the New Mexico State Fair; that same year, she was recognized with a Governor's Award for Excellence in the Arts, and her rugs were displayed in the state house.[6]

In 1977, Salazar Martinez was featured in an Oscar-nominated short documentary, Agueda Martinez: Our People, Our Country, directed by Esperanza Vásquez, and produced by Moctesuma Esparza.[7] She was the guest of honor at 1980's inaugural Feria Artesana in Albuquerque, New Mexico. She traveled to Washington, D.C., with her daughter, granddaughter, and great-granddaughter to demonstrate their craft at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival in 1986. And in 1993 she was the first Hispanic artist recognized with a Women's Caucus for Art Lifetime Achievement Award.[1][8] A New York Times critic mentioned Martínez as the "acknowledged matriarch" of the weaving community in Northern New Mexico.[9]

Personal life

Agueda Salazar was married to Eusebio Martinez, whose ancestry in Chimayó dates to the seventeenth century, in 1916; the couple had ten children together. In 1992, they also had 66 grandchildren, 114 great-grandchildren, and 14 great-great-grandchildren. Altogether, her family numbered 204.[4] She was widowed in 1962, and died in 2000, at age 102, in Medanales, New Mexico.[10] Five of her daughters, including Eppie Archuleta, became professional weavers after her example.[11] In 1994 she was described as the "head of the largest family of Hispanic weavers in the state" with a family numbering 64 active weavers.[4]

Works by Agueda Salazar Martinez can be found in the Smithsonian Institution[12] and the Museum of International Folk Art. A historic marker in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico honors Agueda S. Martínez with the quote, "You Will Find Me Dancing on the Loom."[13]

References

  1. ^ a b "Women's Caucus for Art Awards Program" (PDF). February 2, 1993. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 4, 2015.
  2. ^ Peters Adler, Lynn. "Agueda Martinez, 101". National Centenarian Awareness Project. Archived from the original on August 29, 2018.
  3. ^ "Agueda Martinez, 101". Albuquerque Journal. September 19, 1999. Archived from the original on October 19, 2004.
  4. ^ a b c d e Lucero, Helen R.; Baizerman, Suzanne (1999). Chimayó weaving: the transformation of a tradition (1st ed.). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 148–157. ISBN 9780826319760. OCLC 955185451.
  5. ^ Tey Marianna Nunn, "Agueda Salazar Martínez," in Vicki L. Ruiz and Virginia Sánchez Korrol, eds., Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia (Indiana University Press 2006): 426. ISBN 0253111692
  6. ^ "Rebecca Potance, Guide to the Governor's Gallery Collection, New Mexico Museum of Art Library and Archives (May 2013)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
  7. ^ Scott L. Baugh, Latino American Cinema: An Encyclopedia of Movies, Stars, Concepts, and Trends (ABC-CLIO 2012): 4-5. ISBN 0313380368
  8. ^ Helen R. Lucero, "Commerce, Innovation, and Tradition: Three Families of Hispanic Weavers," in Francisco A. Lomelí, Victor A. Sorell, and Genaro M. Padilla, eds., Nuevomexicano Cultural Legacy: Forms, Agencies, and Discourse (University of New Mexico Press 2002): 260-268. ISBN 0826322247
  9. ^ Catherine C. Robbins, "Shopper's World: Weavers of the Rio Grande," New York Times (July 18, 1982).
  10. ^ Adelita Medina, "Feminist Mexican-American Artisan Leaves Legacy," Women's eNews (September 11, 2000).
  11. ^ Chela Sandoval and Peter J. García, "Decolonial New Mexican@ Travels: Music, Weaving, Melancholia, and Redemption Or, 'This is Where the Peasants Rise Up!'" in Ellie D. Hernández and Eliza Rodriguez y Gibson, eds., The Un/Making of Latina/o Citizenship: Culture, Politics, and Aesthetics (Palgrave Macmillan 2014). ISBN 9781137431097
  12. ^ Agueda Martínez, "Tapestry Weave Rag Jerga (1994)," Smithsonian American Art Museum catalog.
  13. ^ New Mexico Historic Women Marker Initiative, Complete List of Markers and Text with Location.
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