You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 3.236.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 06:21, 30 September 2026.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 05:35, 21 February 2024
- Expiry of block: 05:35, 21 February 2029
Your current IP address is 3.236.31.135. The blocked range is 3.236.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Pakistani Gunner Officer and intelligence Head (1924–1988)))
((Multiple issues|
((COI|date=October 2018))
((more citations needed|date=October 2018))
))

((Use dmy dates|date=July 2018))
((Use Pakistani English|date=July 2018))
((Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[General officer|General]]
| name                = Akhtar Abdur Rahman
| honorific_suffix    = [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-e-jurat |HJ(M)]] [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Tamgha-e-Imtiaz|TI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBt]]
| image               =
| order1              = 5th [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
| term_start1         = 29 March 1987
| term_end1           = 17 August 1988
| predecessor1        = [[Rahimuddin Khan]]
| successor1          = [[Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey]]
| order2              = 7th [[Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence]]
| term_start2         = 21 June 1979
| term_end2           = 29 March 1987
| predecessor2        = [[Muhammad Riaz Khan]]
| successor2          = [[Hamid Gul]]
| order3              = [[Adjutant general]] GHQ
| term_start3         = 1977
| term_end3           = 1979
| order4              = [[General Officer Commanding]] (GOC) of the [[12th Infantry Division (Pakistan)|12th Infantry Division]]
| term_start4         = 1974
| term_end4           = 1977
| birth_date          = 11 June 1924
| birth_place         = [[Peshawar]], [[British India]]<ref name="tribune.com.pk">((Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2035909/1-gen-akhtar-abdul-rahman-man-behind-soviet-defeat-afghanistan/?amp=1|title = Gen Akhtar Abdul Rahman, the man behind the Soviet defeat in Afghanistan|date = 17 August 2019))</ref>(now in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]])
| spouse              = Rashida Akhtar Khan (m. 1951 - 1988)
| children            = Akbar Akhtar Khan, [[Humayun Akhtar Khan]], [[Haroon Akhtar Khan]], Ghazi Akhtar Khan
| death_date          = ((Death date and age|1988|8|17|1924|6|11|df=y))
| death_place         = [[Bahawalpur]], [[Pakistan]]
| death_cause         = [[Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Plane crash]]
| alma_mater          = [[Government College University Faisalabad]]
| occupation          = [[General]], Army Officer, [[Soldier]]
| allegiance          = ((flagicon|PAK)) Pakistan
| branch              = ((Army|Pakistan))
| serviceyears        = 1947–1988<ref name="The Nation, 2010" />
| rank                = [[File:OF-9 Pakistan Army.svg|20px]] General
| commands            = 45 Field Regiment Artillery (Fateh Qasar -i- Hind 1971), Artillery Headquarters of 4 Corps, [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] [[12th Infantry Division (Pakistan)|12th Army Division]], [[Murree]]<br />[[Director-General|DG]] [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI)
| unit                = 45 Field Regiment Artillery (Fateh Qasar -i- Hind 1971)
| battles             = [[Indo-Pakistan War of 1948]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistan War of 1965]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistan War of 1971]]<br />[[Soviet–Afghan War]]
| awards              = Sitara-e-Basalat
| mawards             = [[File:Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]]((small|[[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]))<br>[[File:Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]]((small|[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]))<br>[[File:Sitara-e-Basalat.png|40px]]((small|[[Sitara-i-Basalat|Sitara-e-Basalat]]))<br>[[File:Tamgha-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]]((small|[[Tamgha-i-Imtiaz|Tamgha-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]))
))

'''Akhtar Abdur Rahman'''((Efn|((lang-ur|((Nastaliq|اختر عبد الرحمن‎)))))) (11 June 1924((Snd))17 August 1988), was a [[Pakistan Army]] [[General (Pakistan)|general]] who served as the 5th [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] from 1987 until [[Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|his death]] in 1988. He previously served as the 7th [[Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence]] from 1979 to 1987. During both Indo Pak wars of 1965 and 1971, he oversaw action with his own unit 45 Field Regiment Artillery (Fateh Qasar-i- Hind 1971) in Sundra and Hussainiwala sectors respectively.

As the DG [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]], General Akhtar collaborated with the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and masterminded the [[Operation Cyclone|resistance network]] of the [[Afghan Mujahideen]] against the [[Soviet Union]], eventually managing to force the Soviets out of [[Afghanistan]]. Due to his close friendship with [[President of Pakistan]] [[General Zia-ul-Haq]], General Akhtar was widely considered to be the second most powerful man in the country during [[Zia ul-Haq|General Zia's]] eleven-year military [[dictatorship]]. He [[Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|died]] in a plane crash which also killed [[Zia ul-Haq|General Zia]] and the [[US Ambassador to Pakistan]], [[Arnold Lewis Raphel]]. After his death, his sons, [[Humayun Akhtar Khan]] and [[Haroon Akhtar Khan]], became politicians and were eventually elected as the [[Members of Parliament]] and headed the key ministerial portfolios several times.<ref name="The Nation, 2010" /><ref name="Adamec">((cite book |last=Adamec |first=Ludwig W. |title=Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan |publisher=Scarecrow |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8108-7815-0 |edition=4th Revised |page=41))</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Akhtar Abdur Rahman was born on 11 June 1924 in [[Peshawar]], to a [[Kakazai]] [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] family.<ref name=express>((Cite web |last=Rahi |first=Arwin |date=2020-02-25 |title=Why Afghanistan should leave Pakistani Pashtuns alone |url=https://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/94157/why-afghanistan-should-leave-pakistani-pashtuns-alone/ |archive-date=3 May 2020 |access-date=2020-06-26 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503132315/https://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/94157/why-afghanistan-should-leave-pakistani-pashtuns-alone/ |url-status=dead ))</ref><ref name="The Nation, 2010">((cite news|last=Staff report|title=General Akhtar Abdul Rehman (Shaheed)|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/columns/17-Aug-2010/General-Akhtar-Abdul-Rehman-Shaheed|access-date=13 September 2012|newspaper=The Nation|date=17 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428031114/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/columns/17-Aug-2010/General-Akhtar-Abdul-Rehman-Shaheed|archive-date=28 April 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all))</ref><ref name="PKKH, 2012">((cite news|last=Shah, Mariam|title=An Unsung Hero of Modern History: Gen Akhtar Abdur Rehman|url=http://www.pakistankakhudahafiz.com/archive/2012/08/17/an-unsung-hero-of-modern-history-gen-akhtar-abur-rehman/|access-date=24 June 2016|newspaper=PKKH|date=12 August 2012|archive-date=26 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926191336/http://www.pakistankakhudahafiz.com/archive/2012/08/17/an-unsung-hero-of-modern-history-gen-akhtar-abur-rehman/|url-status=dead))</ref> Akhtar's father, Abdur Rahman Khan, was a doctor at a government hospital over here. <ref name="tribune.com.pk"/> He lost his father at the tender age of four and was raised by his mother, after the family moved to [[East Punjab]] in British India. He studied at the [[Bishop Cotton School (Shimla)|Bishop Cotton School, Shimla]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]], <ref>((Cite web |last=Ghuman |first=Jagmeet Y. |date=2009-10-07 |title=Bishop Cotton School Celebrates Sesquicentennial Amidst Much Fanfare |url=https://hillpost.in/2009/10/bishop-cotton-school-celebrates-sesquicentennial-amidst-much-fanfare/16485/ |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=Hill Post |language=en-US))</ref> before enrolling himself in the [[Government College University (Faisalabad)]] in 1941, subsequently earning a bachelor's degree in [[Science]] and [[Statistics]]<ref name="The Nation, 2010" /> in 1945, followed by a [[Master of Science]] in [[Economics]] in 1947.<ref name="The News International, 2012">((cite news|last=Khan|first=Salman|title=General Akhtar Abdul Rahman Shaheed (1924–1988)|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-126934-General-Akhtar-Abdul-Rahman-Shaheed-%281924-1988%29|access-date=13 September 2012|newspaper=The News International|date=17 August 2012))</ref> 

==Military career==

===Rising through the ranks===
General Akhtar Abdur Rahman joined the [[British Indian Army]] in 1946, before becoming [[Captain (OF-2)|Captain]] in the [[Pakistan Army]] three years later.<ref name="The News International, 2012" /> After witnessing traumatic events during the [[Partition of India|partition]], Abdur Rahman was appointed as an instructor at the Artillery School in [[Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Nowshera]]. Later, he was selected for an infantry training course with the [[British Army]], and was sent on deputation to complete a course in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="The News International, 2012" /> Upon returning to Pakistan, he was promoted to the rank of a [[Major (rank)|major]] and posted as a [[military adviser]] to the [[East Pakistan Rifles|East-Pakistan Army]] from April 1954 to October 1954.<ref name="The News International, 2012" /><ref>((cite web|title=Humayun Akhtar Khan General Akhtar Abdur Rehman in 1955 in East Pakistan|date=11 August 2010|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/humayunakhtarkhan/5682962083/))</ref> He was later transferred back to [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|General combatant headquarters]] (GHQ) as a [[staff officer]], a position he held from April 1956 to February 1957.<ref name="The News International, 2012" /> He actively participated in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] and was appointed at [[IV Corps (Pakistan)|IV Corps]] as an operational field officer.<ref name="The News International, 2012" /> In the 1965 war, he gallantly defended the Lahore sector, which led to him being promoted to [[lieutenant-colonel]], but he remained [[second-in-command]] of the artillery regiment in Lahore. After cease fire in September 1965, newly promoted Lt Colonel Akhtar commanded his unit 45 Field Regiment Artillery and moved it to Pakistani occupied territory of war in Sundra Sector where his unit 45 Field Artillery remained deployed till February 1966.<ref name="The News International, 2012" /> After the war, he was promoted to the rank of [[colonel]], while being stationed with the IV Corps. Later, he was promoted to the rank of [[brigadier]] and transferred to the [[Northern Pakistan|northern]] areas of the country, where he commanded an infantry brigade in [[Azad Kashmir]].<ref name="The News International, 2012" />

In 1971 Indo Pak War, just before his promotion to a Major General, he again saw his own 45 Field Regiment Artillery in action at Hussainiwala Sector where 45 Field displayed tremendous valour in achieveing a bold victory over Qasar-i-Hind Citadel. His unit 45 Field Regiment Artillery was later awarded battle honor of 'Fateh Qasar -i- Hind 1971' by Army Headquarters, as he was instrumental in capturing the Indian fortress of Qaiser-e-Hind.<ref>((cite book |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22865519-the-battle-of-hussainiwala-and-qaiser-i-hind |title=The Battle of Hussainiwala and Qaiser-I-Hind: The 1971 …))</ref> Later he was promoted to the two-star general rank of a [[major-general]], and served as the [[general officer commanding]] (GOC) of the [[12th Infantry Division (Pakistan)|12th Infantry Division]] stationed in [[Murree]]. As the GOC of the 12th Infantry Division, General Akhtar was considered very close to Prime Minister [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]] and personally received him whenever he visited the command office of the 12th Division.<ref>((cite web|last=By Humayun Akhtar Khan|title=Major General Akhtar Abdur Rehman with Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in Murree in 1975|date=9 January 2006|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/humayunakhtarkhan/5683513484/in/photostream/))</ref><ref>((cite web|last=By Humayun Akhtar Khan|title=General Zia – ul – Haq and Major General Akhtar Abdur Rehman with Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in Murree, 1976|date=9 January 2006|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/humayunakhtarkhan/5682946533/))</ref> He did not take part in the [[Operation Fair Play|1977 military coup]] and privately opposed the martial law to remove  the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime minister]] Bhutto. Six months after the military coup of 1977, he was appointed as the [[adjutant general]] at the [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|General Headquarters]], which would last two years.<ref name="The News International, 2012" />  During this time, General Akhtar became aware of a conspiracy in which Lieutenant-General Faiz Ali Chishti of [[X Corps (Pakistan)|X Corps]], a close associate of General [[Zia-ul-Haq]], secretly became rebellious and conspired to stage a military coup in the country.<ref name="The News International, 2012" /> As early as of 1979, Akhtar received a call from General Chishti and met him at his office in [[Chaklala Cantonment|Chaklala Military District]] (CMD).<ref name="The News International, 2012" /> At this meeting, General Chishti informed him of the conspiracy that aimed to topple General Zia-ul-Haq and sought his assistance. According to the [[The News International|News International]]'s intelligence unit, Chishti was under the impression that since Akhtar had not been promoted, he would accept this invitation; especially when he was promised that after the coup worked out successfully, he would not only be promoted but would also become one of the pillars of the new regime.<ref name="The News International, 2012" /> After returning to the GHQ, General Akhtar contacted General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] and foiled the plot against Zia.<ref name="The News International, 2012" /> In June 1979 after the counter-coup had been foiled, [[President of Pakistan|President]] General Zia-ul-Haq awarded General Akhtar a promotion to [[Lieutenant General]] and appointed him Director General of the [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]].<ref name="The News International, 2012" />

===Soviet–Afghan War===
When the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army in Afghanistan, Pakistan's top military base led by Akhtar, believed that [[Pakistan]] would be the [[Soviet Union]]'s next target. They felt that because of Pakistan's strategic location and given the fact that it had warm water ports in the [[Arabian Sea]], it was a prime target for future invasion. Considering the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] invasion of [[Afghanistan]] threatened Pakistan's national security, Pakistan's premier intelligence agency, the [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]], headed by General Akhtar, started providing financial, military, and strategic assistance to the Afghan Mujahideen. The [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] received billions of dollars in military assistance from the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] and [[Saudi Arabia]], to train and command the Afghan rebels in a bid to defeat the Soviets. This covert operation was known as [[Operation Cyclone]], and was executed with the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], providing the money and weapons, the ISI training, commanding the Afghan Mujahideen groups, and the Mujahideen conducting [[guerrilla warfare]], ultimately leading to the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. During this time, General Akhtar developed a highly effective working relationship with key figures in the United States including [[CIA Director]] [[William Casey]] and [[Congressman]] [[Charlie Wilson (Texas politician)|Charlie Wilson]].

While he was still DG ISI, General Akhtar's influence on Pakistan's [[Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction|atomic weapons program]] grew and he worked tirelessly to collect colleagues around him who were equally dynamic and determined to make the ISI an organization that would influence the domestic and external policies of the country. It was under him that the ISI became recognized as one of the most powerful spy agencies in the world.<ref name="The News International, 2012" /> In 1987, at the pinnacle of his career after having achieved remarkable success in the Afghan war and protecting Pakistan's Nuclear Program, General Akhtar was promoted to the [[four-star rank]] and was appointed [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan|Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]], the highest ranking four-star rank in the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]].<ref name="The News International, 2012" />

== Death and investigation ==
On 17 August 1988, General Akhtar Abdur Rahman died in a [[Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|plane crash]] along with several other high-profile generals including [[Zia-ul-Haq]], the sixth and current president of Pakistan at the time, and the [[US Ambassador to Pakistan]], [[Arnold Lewis Raphel]]. General Akhtar had accompanied Zia to [[Bahawalpur]] in his [[C-130B Hercules]] presidential aircraft jet, to witness a [[M1 Abrams|US M1 Abrams]] tank demonstration. After the generals witnessed the demonstration, it was time to leave. The aircraft departed from Bahawalpur Airport and was expected to reach [[Islamabad International Airport]] after a few hours. Takeoff was smooth, but shortly after, about ((frac|2|1|2)) minutes into the flight, the control tower lost contact with the aircraft. Witnesses who saw the plane in the air claimed that it was flying erratically and that it nosedived and exploded on impact, killing all 31 passengers on board. Shortly after the plane crash, the senate chairman, [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]], became president and announced General Zia's death on radio and TV. [113] There is speculation that various state intelligence agencies including the American CIA, the Soviet [[KGB]], the Indian [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]], the Israeli [[MOSSAD]] and the Afghan [[KHAD]] (in retaliation of Pakistani support for the Mujahideen in Afghanistan), or an alliance of the four intelligence agencies along with the dissident groups in the Pakistan Army, were involved in the incident.

Not long after, a board of inquiry was set up to investigate. It concluded 'the most probable cause of the crash was a criminal act of sabotage perpetrated in the aircraft'. It also suggested that poisonous gases were released that incapacitated the passengers and crew, which explains why no Mayday signal was given.[116] There was also speculations about other facts involving the details of the investigation. Although a flight recorder (black box) was installed in the aircraft, it was not located after the crash. To this day, the cause of the plane crash remains unknown and has given a rise to many conspiracy theories.

== Personal life ==
General Akhtar married Rashida Akhtar Khan in 1951 and had four children: Akbar Akhtar Khan (born 1953), [[Humayun Akhtar Khan]] (born 1955), [[Haroon Akhtar Khan]] (born 1957), and Ghazi Akhtar Khan (born 1959).

== Controversies ==

===Corruption charges===
In one of the [[New York Times]] investigations,<ref name="NYT-Feb20-2022">((cite news |author=Jesse Drucker, Ben Hubbard|title=Vast Leak Exposes How Credit Suisse Served Strongmen and Spies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/20/business/credit-suisse-leak-swiss-bank.html |newspaper=The New York Times |location=NY | date=20 February 2022|access-date=20 February 2022 |url-access=subscription))</ref> General Akhtar Abdur Rahman, as the head of Pakistani intelligence agency, helped funnel billions of dollars in cash and other aid from the United States and other countries for the Mujahedeen in Afghanistan, to support their fight against the Soviet Union. The same report mentioned that a [[Credit Suisse]] account was opened in 1985, in the name of three of General Abdur Rahman's sons. Years later, the account would grow to hold $3.7 million, as what the leaked records show. According to the paper, two of the general's sons, Akbar Akhtar Khan, the oldest of General Akhtar's children, and [[Haroon Akhtar Khan]], did not respond to the requests for comment on the reporting project. In a text message, Ghazi Akhtar Khan, the youngest of the Akhtar brothers, said the information about the accounts was "not correct," adding, "The content is conjectural." The claims remain unproven.

== Awards and decorations ==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" |((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130))
|-
|((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130))
|((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Basalat.png|width=130))
|((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130))
|((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Diffa.png|width=130))
|-
|((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War Ribbon.png|width=130))
|((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War.png|width=130))
|((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War.png|width=130))
|((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=130))
|-
|((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Pakistan Independence Medal 1947.png|width=130))
|((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=130))
|((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Republic Medal 1956 (Pakistan).png|width=130))
|((Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hijri Tamgha.png|width=130))
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" |'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

(''Order of Excellence'')
|-
|'''[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

(''Crescent of Excellence'')
|'''[[Sitara-e-Basalat]]'''
(''Star of Good Conduct'')
|'''[[Tamgha-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Tamgha-e-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

(''Medal of Excellence'')
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces|Tamgha-e-Diffa]]'''
(''General Service Medal'')
|-
|'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War]]'''
(''War Star 1965'')
|'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War]]'''
(''War Star 1971'')
|'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War]]'''
(''War Medal 1965'')
|'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War]]''' 
(''War Medal 1971'')
|-
|'''[[Pakistan Medal|Pakistan Tamgha]]''' 
(''Pakistan Medal'')
'''1947'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces|Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-]]'''
'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces|Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam]]'''

(''100th Birth Anniversary of''

''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]])''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces|Tamgha-e-Jamhuria]]'''
(''Republic Commemoration Medal)''

'''1956'''
|'''[[Hijri Tamgha]]'''
(''Hijri Medal)''

'''1979'''
|}

==Books mentioning General Akhtar==
* ''Fateh'' by Haroon-ur-Rasheed
* ''Silent soldier'' by Mohammad Yousaf
* ''The Bear Trap'' by Mohammad Yousaf and Mark Adkin
* ''Charlie Wilson's War'' by George Crile
* ''Ghost Wars'' by Steve Coll
* ''A Case of Exploding Mango's'' Mohammad Hanif
* ''Profiles of Intelligence'' by Brigadier Syed A. I. Tirmizi

==See also==
((Portal|Biography))
* [[History of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)]]

==References==
((notelist))
((reflist))
((s-start))
((s-mil))
((s-bef|before=[[Muhammad Riaz Khan]]))
((s-ttl|title=Director General of the [[Inter-Services Intelligence]]|years=1979–1987))
((s-aft|after=[[Hamid Gul]]))
((end))
((CJCSC Pakistan |state=expanded))
((Zia-ul-Haq's Government))
((Pakistan Army template))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Akhtar Abdul))
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:Pakistani generals]]
[[Category:Recipients of Hilal-i-Jur'at]]
[[Category:Directors General of Inter-Services Intelligence]]
[[Category:Chairmen Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
[[Category:Pashtun people]]
[[Category:Pakistani anti-communists]]
[[Category:Military government of Pakistan (1977–1988)]]
[[Category:Pakistani financiers]]
[[Category:Corruption in Pakistan]]
[[Category:People of the Soviet–Afghan War]]
[[Category:Pakistani military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[Category:Pakistan Army Artillery officers]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1988]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Bishop Cotton School Shimla alumni]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Akhtar Abdur Rahman (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Army (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Army/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Both (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:CJCSC Pakistan (edit)
Template:COI (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (edit)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Color (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Count (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country2nationality (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data PAK (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Pakistan (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:DMCA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Death date and age (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink question hyphen-minus (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Detect singular (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Efn (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:En dash range (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:End (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find country (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flagicon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flagicon/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Frac (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fraction (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fraction/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:ISO 3166 code (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox officeholder (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox officeholder/office (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Iso2nationality (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang-ur (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Military navigation (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Multiple issues (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Multiple issues/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nastaliq (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nbhyph (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Non breaking hyphen (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Notelist (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nowrap (view source) (protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Pakistan Army template (edit)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Ribbon devices (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ribbon devices/alt (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-aft (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-aft/check (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-aft/filter (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-bef (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-bef/check (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-bef/filter (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-mil (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-start (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-ttl (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-ttl/check (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Script/Nastaliq (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Small (view source) (protected)
Template:Snd (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Spaced en dash (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Str number/trim (view source) (protected)
Template:Strfind short (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Use Pakistani English (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Zia-ul-Haq's Government (edit)
Module:Age (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/auxiliary (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Date (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Detect singular (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Find country (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166/data/National (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Military navigation (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:MultiReplace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:ParameterCount (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/b (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Akhtar Abdur Rahman.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhtar_Abdur_Rahman"