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((More citations needed|date=November 2014))
((Infobox musical artist
| name            = Alan Shorter
| image           =
| image_upright   =
| image_size      =
| landscape       = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank -->
| alt             =
| caption         =
| birth_name      =
| alias           = Al Shorter
| birth_date      = ((Birth date|1932|05|29))
| birth_place     = [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], New Jersey, United States
| death_date      = ((Death date and age|1988|04|05|1932|05|29))
| death_place     = [[Los Angeles]], California, United States
| genre           = [[avant-garde jazz]], [[free jazz]]
| occupation      = [[musician]], [[composer]]
| instrument      = [[trumpet]], [[flugelhorn]]
| years_active    = 1960s – 1970s
| label           = [[Verve Records|Verve]], [[America Records (France)|America]]
| associated_acts = [[Archie Shepp]], [[Marion Brown]], [[Wayne Shorter]]
))

'''Alan Shorter''' (May 29, 1932 – April 5, 1988)<ref>((cite web | url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J692400?rskey=HV83fZ&result=13 | title=Shorter, Alan (1932 - 1988), flugelhorn player | publisher=OxfordIndex.oup.com | accessdate=2017-11-19 | archive-date=2018-06-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140550/http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J692400?rskey=HV83fZ&result=13 | url-status=dead ))</ref> was an American [[free jazz]] [[trumpet]] and [[flugelhorn]] player, and the older brother of composer and [[saxophone]] player [[Wayne Shorter]].<ref>((Allmusic | class = artist | id = p124843 | tab = biography | label = Biography of Alan Shorter | first = Chris | last = Kelsey ))</ref>

==Biography==
Shorter was born in the [[Ironbound]] District in [[Newark, New Jersey]]. He started on [[alto saxophone]], but switched to [[trumpet]] after graduating from high school. He attended [[Howard University]] but soon rebelled against the ultra-conservative atmosphere and dropped out. He later graduated from [[New York University]].

He played his first professional gigs with a local [[bebop]] [[big band]] called the Jackie Bland Band (other members included his brother Wayne, trombonist [[Grachan Moncur III]], and pianist [[Walter Davis, Jr.]]). He was very much a bebop player in his early years, but soon gravitated towards [[free jazz]], and with the exception of six months he spent in a [[US Army]] Band, continued to play in that style for the rest of his career.

Shorter recorded two albums as a leader: ''[[Orgasm (Alan Shorter album)|Orgasm]]'' (1968) and ''[[Tes Esat]]'' (1971). Both were out of print for many years until re-issued by [[Verve Records]] in 2004 and 2005, respectively. He also recorded five albums with saxophonist [[Archie Shepp]] (1964–1970), including the classic ''[[Four for Trane]]'' (1964), two albums with [[Marion Brown]] (1965–1966), one album with [[Alan Silva]] (1970), and made an appearance on one of his brother's albums (''[[The All Seeing Eye]]'' [1965]).  Several of these albums feature his unusual compositions, his most famous being "Mephistopheles".

In the mid-1960s, Shorter moved to Europe, leading his own [[avant-garde]] gigs in [[Geneva]] and [[Paris]]. His style of [[free jazz]] sometimes proved to be too far-out for European audiences (his brother remembered that Shorter's gigs in Europe would often end with him responding to the crowd's boos by yelling, "You're not ready for me yet!"), but he generally found European audiences more receptive than those in the U.S. Eventually, he returned to the United States, where he taught briefly at [[Bennington College]] but otherwise faded into obscurity. He died of a ruptured [[aorta]] in [[Los Angeles, California]] in 1988, at age 55, shortly after becoming engaged to Ruth Ann Hancock, a cousin of [[Herbie Hancock]].

Shorter's playing is comparable to that of [[Don Cherry (jazz)|Don Cherry]], but with a more aggressive, anarchic bent. His own albums feature his groups functioning as a unit, rather than focusing on his own singular virtuosity.  Reportedly, Shorter's musical style was akin to his personality: deep and intellectual, thought sometimes intentionally strange (his childhood nickname was "Doc Strange").

==Discography==

===As leader===
* 1968:  ''[[Orgasm (Alan Shorter album)|Orgasm]]'' ([[Verve Records]]) - with [[Charlie Haden]], [[Gato Barbieri]], [[Reggie Johnson (musician)|Reggie Johnson]], [[Muhammad Ali (drummer)|Muhammad Ali]], [[Rashied Ali]]
* 1971: ''[[Tes Esat]]'' ([[America Records]]) - with [[Gary Windo]], [[Johnny Dyani]], [[Rene Augustus]]

===As sideman===
'''With [[Marion Brown]]'''
*''[[Marion Brown Quartet]]'' (1965)
*''[[Juba-Lee]]'' (1966)

'''With The [[New York Art Quartet]]'''
* ''[[Call It Art]]'' (Triple Point, 2013)

'''With [[Archie Shepp]]'''
*''[[Four for Trane]]'' (1964)
*''[[Archie Shepp and the Full Moon Ensemble]]'' (1970)
*''[[Pitchin Can]]'' (1970)
*''[[Doodlin' (album)|Doodlin']]'' (1970)
*''[[Coral Rock]]'' (1973)

'''With [[Wayne Shorter]]'''
*''[[The All Seeing Eye]]'' (1965)

'''With [[Alan Silva]]'''
*''[[Seasons (Alan Silva album)|Seasons]]'' (1971)

'''With [[François Tusques]]'''
*''Intercommunal Music'' (1971)

==References==
((Reflist))

== Written Material ==
*‘allan [sic] ''shorter et le monstre magnétique’'' [‘Alan Shorter and The Magnetic Monster’], ''Jazz Hot'', June 1967: 24-5. [‘Interviewed with tape recorder by Daniel Berger and Alain Corneau, 18th May 1966, New York’.] [French language]
*Alan Shorter, [Liner Notes] ''Orgasm''. c.1968.
*Alan Shorter, ‘Distension.’ ''Actuel,'' May 1969: 36–38. [French language]
*Val Wilmer, [Liner Notes] ''Tes Esat,'' 1970.
*Richard Williams, [Liner Notes] ''Parabolic''. c.1969.
*Interview by Richard Williams. ''Melody Maker,'' May 1, 1971: 18.
*Elisabeth Chandet, ‘''Jazz En Direct: Les Nuits du Vézelay’'', ''Jazz Magazine'', April 1971: 10-11. [French language]
*Philippe Carles, ‘''Jazz En Direct: Alan Shorter Tes Esat’'', ''Jazz Magazine,'' January 1973: 8-9. [French language]
*Ron Welburn, ‘Alan Shorter’. [Rev. of ''Parabolic'' and ''Tes Esat''] ''Black World'', October 1973: 48, 67.
*Alan Shorter, ‘''Vivre la New Musique’'', ''Jazz Magazine'', February 1974: 11. [French language]
*J.R. Taylor, ‘Album Briefs’ [Rev. of ''Parabolic''], ''Jazz Digest'', Vol. 3, no. 1 (January 1974): 19
*Alan Shorter, [Letter], ''Cadence'', Vol. 2, no. 1 (November 1976): 8
*Philippe Carles, [Liner notes], ''Tes Esat'' CD re-issue, 2004.
*Amiri Baraka, ‘Reissuing ''Orgasm''’ [December, 1997], ‘Wayne Shorter on his brother, Alan (from interview with Amiri Baraka)’. ''Orgasm'' CD re-issue, 1998. Both texts reprinted in Baraka, ''Digging: The Afro-American Soul of American Classical Music'' (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2009). CD booklet also contains ‘A Word from Rashied Ali’.
*Philippe Robert, ‘Schizophonia’. [French language] In Philippe Robert and Guillaume Belhomme, ''Free Fight: This Is Our (New) Thing'' (Rosières-en-Haye, France: Camion Blanc, 2012)
*‘vorgarten’, ‘for me it’s NEW music! – alan shorter (1932-1987)’. [German language]. Online, ''Rolling Stone'' Forum'','' 2012: <nowiki>http://forum.rollingstone.de/foren/topic/alan-shorter/</nowiki>
*David Grundy, 'Why?' The Parabolic New Music of Alan Shorter'. ''[http://www.pointofdeparture.org/archives/PoD-71/PoD71Shorter.html Point of Departure]'', Issue 71, June 2020.

==External links==
*[http://www.pointofdeparture.org/archives/PoD-71/PoD71Shorter.html 'Why?' The Parabolic New Music of Alan Shorter]
*[http://andreyhenkin.com/discographies.htm/shorter.htm/shorter%20discography.htm Alan Shorter Complete Discography]
*[http://www.inkblotmagazine.com/rev-archive/Alan_Shorter_Orgasm.htm Review of Orgasm]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080705191213/http://www.jazzitude.com/shorter_tes.htm Review of Tes Esat]
*[http://dasnotesfromunderground.blogspot.com/2004/02/alan-shorter.html Notes From Underground]

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Shorter, Alan))
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:Howard University alumni]]
[[Category:American jazz trumpeters]]
[[Category:American male trumpeters]]
[[Category:Musicians from New Jersey]]
[[Category:Verve Records artists]]
[[Category:Free jazz trumpeters]]
[[Category:Post-bop trumpeters]]
[[Category:Avant-garde jazz trumpeters]]
[[Category:United States Army soldiers]]
[[Category:20th-century American musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century trumpeters]]
[[Category:20th-century American male musicians]]
[[Category:American male jazz musicians]]
[[Category:Newark jazz]]

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