((For|Sultan of Kashmir|Alauddin Shah))
((pp|small=yes)) 
((Infobox royalty
| name         = Alauddin Husain Shah
| title        = Sultan of [[Bengal]]<br>[[Shah]] of [[Bengalis]]<br>The right hand and defender of the [[caliphate]]<br>Amir al-Mu'minin (the Commander of the Faithful)
| image        = Coin of Alauddin Husain Shah (1493-1519).jpg
| caption      = Silver coin (''Tanka'') of Alauddin Husain Shah
| succession   = 18th [[Bengal Sultanate|Sultan of Bengal]]
| reign        = 1494–1519
| coronation   = 
| Full title   = 
| predecessor  = [[Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah]]
| successor    = [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah]]
| regent       = 
| spouses      = Daughter of the [[Qazi]] of Chandpur
| issue        = [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah]]<br/>[[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah]]<br/>[[Shahzada Danyal]]<br/>''[[#Family and issue|Several others]]''
| full name    = 
| house        = 
| father       = Sayyid Ashraf Al-Husaini
| mother       = 
| birth_name   = Sayyid Husain
| birth_date   = 
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = 1519
| death_place  = 
| date of burial = 
| place of burial = 
| religion     = [[Islam]]
))
((History of Bangladesh))
'''Ala-ud-din Husain Shah''' (((lang-bn|আলাউদ্দিন হোসেন শাহ)) (1494–1519)<ref name=r1>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.215-20</ref> was an independent late medieval [[Sultan of Bengal]], who founded the [[Hussain Shahi dynasty]].<ref name="sen2">((Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=120–121))</ref> He became the ruler of Bengal after assassinating the [[People of Ethiopia|Abyssinian]] Sultan, [[Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah|Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah]], whom he had served under as [[Vizier|wazir]]. After his death in 1519, his son [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah|Nusrat Shah]] succeeded him. The reigns of Husain Shah and Nusrat Shah are generally regarded as the "golden age" of the Bengal sultanate.<ref>((Cite web|title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760|url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft067n99v9&chunk.id=s1.2.6&toc.id=ch02&toc.depth=1&brand=ucpress&anchor.id=d0e2543#X|access-date=2021-03-20|website=publishing.cdlib.org|archive-date=2021-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225230042/https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft067n99v9&chunk.id=s1.2.6&toc.id=ch02&toc.depth=1&brand=ucpress&anchor.id=d0e2543#X|url-status=live))</ref>

==Origin and early life==
[[File:Kherur Mosque Exterior.jpg|thumb|left|One of the first mosques built by Husain Shah, the [[Kherur Mosque]], is located in Chandpara, where he reportedly spent much of his childhood.]]
The dynasty's founder, Alauddin Husain Shah was possibly of [[Sayyid]] [[Arab]],<ref>((Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC&pg=PA63 |title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760 |date=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20507-9 |pages=63 |language=en |quote=Ala al-Din Hasan, a Mecan Arab... |access-date=2023-10-29 |archive-date=2023-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802113650/https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC&pg=PA63&dq=&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjvk7yD8L2AAxXeSaQEHR_4BVkQ6AF6BAgLEAM |url-status=live ))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Markovits |first=Claude |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2OKvG5wbaAC&pg=PA38 |title=A History of Modern India, 1480-1950 |date=2004-09-24 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-152-2 |language=en |page=38 |access-date=2023-10-29 |archive-date=2023-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802114425/https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=r2OKvG5wbaAC&pg=PA38&dq=&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwihouG78b2AAxWLXqQEHajIBks4ChDoAXoECAMQAw |url-status=live ))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Jr |first=Everett Jenkins |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xBIkCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA335 |title=The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas |date=2015-05-07 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-0888-4 |language=en |page=335 |access-date=2023-10-29 |archive-date=2023-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802114426/https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=xBIkCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA335&dq=&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiggbf08b2AAxVaQaQEHeZgAzE4FBDoAXoECAQQAw |url-status=live ))</ref> or even [[Afghans|Afghan]] origin.<ref>((Cite book |last=Subrahmanyam |first=Sanjay |title=The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500-1700: A Political and Economic History |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2012 |isbn=9781118274026|quote=In their embassy to Bengal, at the time under the control of the Afghan Hussain Shahi dynasty,))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Pranab |title=A Story of Ambivalent Modernization in Bangladesh and West Bengal: The Rise and Fall of Bengali Elitism in South Asia |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2010 |isbn=9781433108204 |pages=84))</ref>
The ''Riyaz-us-Salatin'' mentions Husain's father Sayyid Ashraf Al-Husaini later inhabiting [[Termez]] (in [[Turkestan]]) for a long period before settling in the Chandpur [[mouza]] of [[Rarh region|Rarh]] (western Bengal). Husain and his elder brother, Yusuf, spent their childhood studying under the local [[Qadi]], who later married his daughter to Husain due to his noble background.<ref>((cite book|last=Salim|first=Gulam Hussain|author2=tr. from Persian |author3=Abdus Salam |title=Riyazu-s-Salatin: History of Bengal|url=https://archive.org/details/riyazussalatinhi00saliuoft/page/130/mode/2up?q=ashraf|year=1902|publisher=Asiatic Society, Baptist Mission Press|pages=127–131))</ref> Chandpur is often equated to the village of [[Jangipur subdivision|Chandpara]] in [[Murshidabad district]], where a number of inscriptions can be founded during the early part of Husain's reign. Husain had also constructed the [[Kherur Mosque]] in Chandpara in the first year of his reign in 1494.<ref name=bpedia/><ref name=bpedia2>((cite Banglapedia|author=Mitra, Pratip Kumar|article=Kherur Mosque))</ref> A lake in this village, called ''Shaikher Dighi'', is also associated with Husain.<ref name=murshigov>((cite web|url=http://murshidabad.gov.in/milestone.htm |title=Chronological History of Murshidabad |access-date=2011-05-04 |work=Independent Sultanate of Gauda |publisher=District Administration |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716082026/http://www.murshidabad.gov.in/milestone.htm |archivedate=2011-07-16 ))</ref> [[Krishnadasa Kaviraja]], a [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavist]] author born during Husain's reign, claims that Husain worked for Subuddhi Rai, a revenue officer in the erstwhile Bengali capital [[Gauḍa (city)|Gaur]], and was severely whipped during the excavation of a lake. Local traditions in Murshidabad also claim that Husain was the ''rakhal'' (cow-keeper) for a [[Brahmin]] in Chandpara.<ref name=tarafdar/>
((Bengal Sultanate))
On the other hand, [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton]]'s writings make mention of a manuscript found in the former Bengali capital [[Hazrat Pandua|Pandua]] which labels Husain as a native of a village named [[Gobindaganj Upazila|Devnagar]] in Rangpur who seized an opportunity to redeem the throne of Bengal that his grandfather, Sultan Ibrahim, had held seventy years prior. There are local traditions in Rangpur which claim that he was indeed a native of that area.<ref name=majumdar>((cite book|editor=[[R. C. Majumdar|Majumdar, R.C.]]|year=1960|title=The Delhi Sultanate|location=[[Mumbai]]|volume=6|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|page=215|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.97301/page/n253/mode/2up|chapter=Bengal))</ref> It is said that it was [[Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah]] who had ousted his grandfather Sultan Ibrahim, and as a result, Husain's father and family migrated to [[Kamata Kingdom|Kamata]].<ref name=sarkar>((cite book |editor-last=Sarkar |editor-first=Jadunath |editor-link=Jadunath Sarkar |year=1973 |orig-year=First published 1948 |title=The History of Bengal |volume=II: Muslim Period, 1200-1757|chapter=VII: The Husain Shāhī Dynasty|location=Patna |publisher=Academica Asiatica |oclc=924890|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n163/mode/2up))</ref> Buchanan-Hamilton's manuscript is unnamed,<ref name=sarkar/> and [[Momtazur Rahman Tarafdar]] considers the manuscript to have confused Husain Shah of Bengal with Husayn Shah Sharqi of [[Jaunpur Sultanate|Jaunpur]], whose grandfather was Shamsuddin Ibrahim Shah Sharqi, a contemporary of [[Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah]]. Tarafdar, whose work is written in 1965, makes note that there was no Sultan of Bengal in that period by the name of Ibrahim.<ref name=tarafdar/> However, in the [[1990s]], coins of a Sultan of Bengal by the name of [[Nasiruddin Ibrahim Shah II|Nasiruddin Ibrahim Shah]] (r. 1415/16 - 1416/17) were discovered in [[Beanibazar Upazila|Beanibazar, Sylhet]] which has opened discussion regarding this manuscript once again.<ref>((cite book|title=Sylhet: History and Heritage|pages=670–676|year=1999|publisher=[[Bangladesh Itihas Samiti]]|editor=Ahmed, Sharif Uddin))</ref><ref>Md. Rezaul Karim, 'Qutubuddin Azam, Nasiruddin Ibrahim and Ghiyasuddin Nusrat, three New Rulers of Sultani Bengal: Their Identification and Chronology', Journal of Bengal Art, Vol. 17, 2012: 215-27.</ref>

16th-century Portuguese explorer [[João de Barros]] mentions the story of a noble Arab merchant from [[Aden]] arriving in [[Chittagong]] with an army to aid the [[Sultan of Bengal]] in conquering [[Orissa]]. This merchant later killed the Sultan, thus becoming ruler of Bengal, and according to [[Heinrich Blochmann]], Barros' narrative is in reference to Husain Shah.<ref name=tarafdar>((cite book|title=Husain Shahi Bengal: a socio-political study|author=Tarafdar, Momtazur Rahman|chapter=Appendix B: The early life of Husain|date=1965 |page=356-360|publisher=University Of Dacca |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.108199/page/355/mode/2up))</ref> Referring to a local legend of Rangpur district, [[Nitish Sengupta]] asserts that Husain's mother was a [[Bengalis|Bengali]].<ref name=golden>((cite book|page=91|chapter=The Golden Age of Hussain Shah|title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib|year=2011|publisher=[[Penguin Books India]]|isbn=9780143416784))</ref>

==Accession==
Most sources are in agreement that Husain was appointed the ''[[Vizier|Wazir]]'' (prime minister) of Sultan [[Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah]] (r. 1490-1494). Initially, Husain secretly sympathized with the rebels but ultimately he put himself openly as their head and besieged the citadel, where Muzaffar Shah shut himself with a few thousand soldiers. According to the 16th-century historian [[Nizamuddin Ahmad|Nizamuddin]], the Sultan was secretly assassinated by Husain with the help of the ''paik''s (palace-guards), which ended the [[Ethiopia|Abyssinian]] rule in Bengal.<ref name=r1/>

==Reign==
((History of Bengal))
Husain Shah's long reign of more than a quarter of a century was a period of peace and prosperity, which was strikingly contrast to the period that preceded it. The liberal attitude of Husain Shah towards his Hindu subjects is also an important feature of his reign.<ref name=r1/>

===Initial administrative actions===
Immediately after accession to the throne, Husain Shah ordered his soldiers to refrain from plundering [[Gaur, West Bengal|Gaur]], his capital city. But being annoyed with their continuous plundering, he executed twelve thousand soldiers and recovered the looted articles, which included 13,000 gold plates. Subsequently, he disbanded the ''paik''s (the palace guards) who were the most significant agitators inside the palace. He removed all [[Habshi]]s from administrative posts and replaced them with [[Turkic peoples|Turks]], Arabs, [[Pashtuns|Afghans]] and [[Bengalis]].<ref name=r1/>

===Engagement with the Delhi Sultanate===
Sultan [[Hussain Shah Sharqi]], after being defeated by [[Bahlol Lodi]], retired to Bihar, where his occupation was confined to a small territory. In 1494, he was again defeated by Sultan [[Sikandar Lodi]] and fled to Bengal, where he was granted asylum by Sultan Ala-ud-Din Husain Shah.<ref name=r2>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.143, 192</ref> This resulted in an expedition against Bengal in 1495 by Sultan Sikandar Lodi. Husain Shah of Bengal sent an army under his son [[Shahzada Danyal]] to fight with the Delhi army. The armies of Delhi and Bengal met at [[Barh]] near [[Patna]]. Sikandar Lodi halted the advance of his army and concluded a treaty of friendship with Ala-ud-din Husain Shah. According to this agreement, the country west of Barh went to Sikandar Lodi while the country east of Barh remained under Husain Shah of Bengal. The final dissolution of the Jaunpur Sultanate resulted in the influx of the Jaunpur soldiery in the Bengal army, which was further strengthened by it.<ref name=r1/>

===Kamata-Kamrup expedition===
[[File:Rangamati Mosque.jpg|thumb|The [[Panbari Mosque]] in the [[Goalpara region]] was thought to have been built by Husain Shah to commemorate the Kamata victory.]]((Main|Conquest of Kamata))

In 1498, Husain Shah's general [[Shah Ismail Ghazi]] led an expedition to the [[Kamata Kingdom]] in response to plea from Sachipatra, a [[defector]] whose son was executed by King [[Nilambar]] of Kamata. Husain Shah's army imprisoned Nilambar, pillaged the capital city and annexed the territory up to [[Hajo]]. His son, [[Shahzada Danyal]], was subsequently made Governor of Kamata. The victory was publicly recorded in an inscription at [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]].<ref name=r1/>

===Odisha campaigns===
According to the [[Madala Panji]], [[Shah Ismail Ghazi]] commenced his campaign from the [[Gar Mandaran|Mandaran]] fort (in the present-day [[Hooghly district]]) in 1508-9 and reached Puri, raiding Jajpur and [[Cuttack|Katak]] on the way. The [[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajapati]] ruler of Orissa, Prataparudra was busy in a campaign in the south. On hearing this news, he returned and defeated the invading Bengal army and chased it into the borders of Bengal. He reached the Mandaran fort and besieged it, but failed to take it. Intermittent hostilities between the Bengal and Orissa armies along the border continued throughout the reign of Husain Shah.<ref name=r1/>

===Capture of Pratapgarh===
When Gouhar Khan, the Bengali governor of [[Sylhet]] (in present-day [[Bangladesh]]) died, the district was seized by ruler of the neighbouring kingdom of [[Pratapgarh Kingdom#War against Bengal|Pratapgarh]], Sultan Bazid.<ref>((Citation|first=Subīra|last=Kara|title=1857 in North East: a reconstruction from folk and oral sources|page=135|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uH0MAQAAMAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Akansha Publishing House|location=[[New Delhi]]|isbn=978-81-8370-131-0|access-date=2020-01-20|archive-date=2024-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128082210/https://books.google.com/books?id=uH0MAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live))</ref> One of Husain Shah's nobles, a Hindu convert named Surwar Khan was sent to confront Bazid and when attempts at negotiations failed, fought against the Sultan and his allies. Bazid was defeated and captured and was forced to give heavy concessions in order to keep his kingdom, though under the suzerainty of Bengal. In reward for his actions, Surwar Khan was named the new governor of Sylhet and the defeated Sultan's daughter was given in marriage to his son, Mir Khan.<ref>*((Citation|last=Choudhury|first=Achyut Charan|author-link=Achyut Charan Choudhury|title=Srihatter Itibritta: Purbangsho|page=294|year=2000|orig-year=1910|publisher=Kotha|location=[[Kolkata]]|language=Bangla|url=https://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%3A%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_-_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6.pdf/%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE|access-date=2020-01-20|archive-date=2020-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626153732/https://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_-_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6.pdf/%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Citation|first=Hosne Ara|last=Motahar|editor=Sharif Uddin Ahmed|title=Museum Establishment and Heritage Preservation: Sylhet Perspective|journal=Sylhet: History and Heritage|page=715|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_BtAAAAMAAJ|date=1999|publisher=Bangladesh Itihas Samiti|location=[[Sylhet]]|isbn=978-984-31-0478-6|access-date=2020-01-20|archive-date=2024-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128082139/https://books.google.com/books?id=M_BtAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live))</ref>

===Expeditions to Tripura and Arakan===
[[File:Hussain Shahis of Bengal.png|thumb|left|250px|Map of the Hussain Shahi dynasty of the Bengal Sultanate]]
According to [[Rajmala]], a late royal chronicle of [[Tripura]], Husain Shah despatched his army four times to Tripura, but the Tripura army offered stiff resistance and did not yield any territory. But the Sonargaon inscription of Khawas Khan (1513) is interpreted by a number of modern scholars as an evidence of annexure of at least a part of Tripura by Husain Shah's army.<ref name=r1/>

During Husain Shah's expeditions to Tripura, the ruler of [[Rakhine State|Arakan]] helped Dhanya Manikya, the ruler of Tripura. He also occupied [[Chittagong]] and expelled Husain Shah's officers from there. In 1513, Husain Shah assigned the charge of Arakan expedition to [[Paragal Khan]]. Paragal Khan advanced from his base on the [[Feni River]]. After Paragal's death, his son Chhuti Khan took over the charge of the campaign until Chittagong was wrested from Arakanese control. The expedition of territory to the western bank of [[Kaladan]] river was placed under his governorship administration. The hostilities probably ended in 1516.<ref name=r1/>

The Portuguese explorer, [[Vasco da Gama]], arrived India by sea in 1498.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBengal.htm |title=KingListsFarEast |access-date=2011-05-04 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110920/http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBengal.htm |url-status=live ))</ref> Consequently, a Portuguese mission came to Bengal to establish diplomatic relations towards the end of Husain Shah's reign.<ref name=bpedia/>

==Cultural contribution==
[[File:Sona Masjid rear.jpg|thumb|250px|left|[[Sona Mosque|Choto Shona Mosque]] built during the reign of Alauddin Husain Shah]]

The reign of Husain Shah witnessed a remarkable development of Bengali literature.<ref name=r1/> Under the patronage of Paragal Khan, Husain Shah's governor of Chittagong, Kabindra Parameshvar wrote his ''Pandabbijay'', a Bengali adaptation of the [[Mahabharata]]. Similarly, under the patronage of Paragal's son Chhuti Khan, who succeeded his father as governor of Chittagong, Shrikar Nandi wrote another Bengali adaptation of the Mahabharata. Kabindra Parameshvar in his ''Pandabbijay'' eulogised Husain Shah.<ref>Sen, Sukumar (1991, reprint 2007). ''Bangala Sahityer Itihas'', Vol.I, ((in lang|bn)), Kolkata: Ananda Publishers, ((ISBN|81-7066-966-9)), pp.208-11</ref> Bijay Gupta wrote his [[Manasamangal Kāvya]] also during his reign. He eulogised Husain Shah by comparing him with [[Arjuna]] (''samgrame Arjun Raja prabhater Rabi'').<ref>Sen, Sukumar (1991, reprint 2007). ''Bangala Sahityer Itihas'', Vol.I, ((in lang|bn)), Kolkata: Ananda Publishers, ((ISBN|81-7066-966-9)), p.189</ref> He mentioned him as ''Nripati-Tilak'' (the tilak-mark of kings) and ''Jagat-bhusan'' (the adornment of the universe) as well.<ref name=bpedia>((cite Banglapedia|author=Chowdhury, AM|article=Husain Shah))</ref> An official of Husain Shah, Yashoraj Khan, wrote a number of [[Vaishnava Padavali|Vaishnava padas]] and he also praised his ruler in one of his pada.<ref>Sen, Sukumar (1991, reprint 2007). ''Bangala Sahityer Itihas'', Vol.I, ((in lang|bn)), Kolkata: Ananda Publishers, ((ISBN|81-7066-966-9)), p.99</ref> During Husain Shah's reign a number of significant monuments were constructed. Wali Muhammad built [[Chota Sona Masjid]] in Gaur.<ref>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, p.693</ref>

During his reign, an Islamic scholar known as Shaykh Muhammad ibn Yazdan Bakhsh Bengali visited [[Kapasia Upazila|Ekdala]] where he transcribed [[Sahih al-Bukhari]] and gifted it to the Sultan in [[Sonargaon]]. The manuscript is currently kept at the [[Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library]] in [[Bankipore]], [[Patna]], [[Bihar]].<ref name=emd>((cite book |script-title=bn:হাদীছের তত্ত্ব ও ইতিহাস|page=24|language=bn |publisher=Emdadia Library |chapter=2.2 বঙ্গে এলমে হাদীছ |author=Mawlana Nur Muhammad Azmi |trans-title=Information and history of Hadith |trans-chapter=2.2 Knowledge of Hadith in Bengal))</ref>

==Religious tolerance==
The reign of Husain Shah is also known for [[religious tolerance]] towards his subjects. However, R.C. Majumdar write that during his Orissa campaigns, he destroyed some [[Hindu temple]]s, which [[Vrindavana Dasa Thakura]] has mentioned in his [[Chaitanya Bhagavata]].<ref name=r4>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, p.634</ref> However the destruction of the temples was not carried out by the orders of the Sultan himself. The celebrated medieval saint, [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] and his followers preached [[Bhakti]] (Nath-Gopi) throughout Bengal during his reign.<ref name=r3>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.513-4</ref> When Husain Shah learned of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's huge following amongst his subjects, he ordered his ''[[qazi]]s'' not to injure him in any way and allow him to go wherever he liked.<ref name=r4/> Later, two high level Hindu officers in Husain Shah's administration, his Private Secretary, (''Dabir-i-Khas'') [[Rupa Goswami]] and his Intimate Minister (''Saghir Malik'') [[Sanatana Goswami]] became devoted followers of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.<ref name=r3/>Gaudiya Vaishnavas consider him to be the incarnation of King [[Jarasandha]].

==Family and issue==
Husain Shah had eighteen sons and at least eleven daughters.<ref name="Montebello1982">((cite book|last=De Montebello|first=Philippe|author-link=Philippe De Montebello|title=Notable Acquisitions, 1981-1982|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXFgCsFyPDQC&pg=PA13|year=1982|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-0-87099-328-2|page=13|access-date=2020-04-23|archive-date=2024-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128082139/https://books.google.com/books?id=RXFgCsFyPDQC&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live))</ref><ref name="Sarkar1985">((cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Jagadish Narayan|title=Hindu-Muslim relations in Bengal: medieval period|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JopuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Husain+Shah%27s+daughter+and+Kandarpadeva,+son+of+Brahman+Madan+Bhaduri+of+Bhaturia;+(e)+Husain+Shah%27s+eleventh+daughter+and+eleventh+son+of+Madan+Bhaduri.%22|year=1985|publisher=Idarah-i Adabiyat-i-Delli|location=Delhi|page=52|isbn=9780836418026|access-date=2020-09-21|archive-date=2024-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128082253/https://books.google.com/books?id=JopuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Husain+Shah%27s+daughter+and+Kandarpadeva,+son+of+Brahman+Madan+Bhaduri+of+Bhaturia;+%28e%29+Husain+Shah%27s+eleventh+daughter+and+eleventh+son+of+Madan+Bhaduri.%22|url-status=live))</ref> Among these are:
*[[Shahzada Danyal]]: likely the eldest son.<ref>((cite book|last=Desai|first=Ziyaud-Din A.|author-link=Z. A. Desai|title=Purā-prakāśa: Recent Researches in Epigraphy, Numismatics, Manuscriptology, Persian Literature, Art, Architecture, Archaeology, History and Conservation : Dr. Z.A. Desai Commemoration Volume|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKDpAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Tn+the+third+year+of+Husain+Shah%27s+occupation+of+the+throne,+Daniyal+probably+his+eldest+son,+acted+as+his+deputy+in+negotiations+with+Sultan+Sikandar+Lodi%22|year=2003|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|isbn=978-81-8090-007-5|page=244|access-date=2020-09-21|archive-date=2024-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128082217/https://books.google.com/books?id=EKDpAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Tn+the+third+year+of+Husain+Shah%27s+occupation+of+the+throne,+Daniyal+probably+his+eldest+son,+acted+as+his+deputy+in+negotiations+with+Sultan+Sikandar+Lodi%22|url-status=live))</ref> May have been killed at the end of the campaign on [[Kamata kingdom]].<ref name="Montebello1982"/>
*[[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah]] alias Ali Shah: succeeded his father. Reigned as Sultan of Bengal from 1519 to 1532.<ref name="ChakrabartiChakrabarti2013">((cite book|last1=Chakrabarti|first1=Kunal|last2=Chakrabarti|first2=Shubhra|title=Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA226|year=2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-8024-5|page=226|access-date=2020-04-23|archive-date=2024-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128082145/https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA226#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live))</ref>
*[[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah]]: reigned as Sultan of Bengal from 1533 to 1538.<ref name="ChakrabartiChakrabarti2013"/>
*Raushan Akhtar Banu: possibly a granddaughter. Married [[Ibrahim Danishmand]], a [[Sufi]] saint and landowner.<ref>((cite book |last=Bhaduri |first=Reena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-LZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22It+is+said+that+he+gave+his+daughter+,+Raushan+Akhtar+Banu+,+of+Persian+mother+,+in+marriage+to+Qutb+ul+Ashageen+%22 |title=Social Formation in Medieval Bengal |publisher=Bibhasa |year=2001 |isbn=978-81-87337-11-9 |page=128 |access-date=2020-09-21 |archive-date=2024-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128082211/https://books.google.com/books?id=C-LZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22It+is+said+that+he+gave+his+daughter+,+Raushan+Akhtar+Banu+,+of+Persian+mother+,+in+marriage+to+Qutb+ul+Ashageen+%22 |url-status=live ))</ref><ref>((cite book |last=Khan |first=Muazzam Hussain |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2014 |edition=Second |chapter=Ibrahim Danishmand, Saiyid |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Danishmand,_Saiyid |access-date=2020-04-23 |archive-date=2018-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103091842/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Danishmand,_Saiyid |url-status=live ))</ref><ref name="Sarkar19852">((cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jagadish Narayan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JopuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Husain+Shah%27s+daughter+and+Kandarpadeva,+son+of+Brahman+Madan+Bhaduri+of+Bhaturia;+(e)+Husain+Shah%27s+eleventh+daughter+and+eleventh+son+of+Madan+Bhaduri.%22 |title=Hindu-Muslim relations in Bengal: medieval period |publisher=Idarah-i Adabiyat-i-Delli |year=1985 |isbn=9780836418026 |location=Delhi |page=52 |access-date=2020-09-21 |archive-date=2024-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128082253/https://books.google.com/books?id=JopuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Husain+Shah%27s+daughter+and+Kandarpadeva,+son+of+Brahman+Madan+Bhaduri+of+Bhaturia;+%28e%29+Husain+Shah%27s+eleventh+daughter+and+eleventh+son+of+Madan+Bhaduri.%22 |url-status=live ))</ref>
*A daughter: married Kandarpadeva, a son of the [[Brahmin]] Madan Bhaduri of Bhaturia.<ref name="Sarkar1985"/>
*A daughter: married another son of Madan Bhaduri of Bhaturia.<ref name="Sarkar1985"/>

==See also==
* [[List of rulers of Bengal]]
* [[History of Bengal]]
* [[History of Bangladesh]]
* [[History of India]]
* [[Isa Khan]]

==Notes==
((Reflist))

((s-start))
((succession box|
  before=Abyssinian rule<br>([[Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah]])|
  title=[[Sultanate of Bengal]]<br>[[Hussain Shahi dynasty]]|
  years=1493–1519|
  after=[[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah]]))
((s-end))

((Hussain Shahi dynasty))

((Wikiquote))

((DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Alauddin))
[[Category:1519 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Hussain Shahi dynasty]]