Albanians of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Albanians in Bosnia 2013 census
Total population
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2,659 (2,806 including those who self-declared Kosovar, Shqiptar etc) (2013)[1]
Religion
Related ethnic groups
Albanians in Croatia

The Albanians of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Albanian: Shqiptarët në Bosnje dhe Hercegovinë; Bosnian: Albanci u Bosni i Hercegovini) are people of full or partial Albanian ancestry and heritage in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

They are an ethnic group recognized by the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[2]

Albanians came to Bosnia in various historical periods. During Ottoman times many Albanians came to work or rule as pashas, and in modern time they came as seasonal workers, war refugees or sportspeople. Many people descended from earlier waves of Albanian migration bear surnames of linguistically Albanian origin, but do not speak the language and are not considered to be Albanians therefore the number of 2800 seems a bit lower than expected.

Clans

Burmazi were an Albanian clan with a presence in Herzegovina. Around 1300, the Burmazi clan emerged in the region as a semi-nomadic clan in the area near Stolac and Trebinje.

History

Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages, Albanians lived in the Dalmatian-Herzegovinian hinterland, along with Vlachs. The Albanians lived as semi-nomadic pastoralists (sheperds) and often lived in non-permanent settlements (katund). As time went on, the early Albanian inhabitants were more and more absorbed into the neighboring Slavic population.[3][4][5][6]

Srebrenica

Albanian presence is attested in the region of Srebrenica in the medieval period. This conclusion can be drawn from the presence of Albanian terms along the Drina River all the way to Srebrenica, which have persisted to the current day in the so-called 'banalacki' hidden dialect. Albanians arrived in this region as mercenaries and graziers, herding their cattle to winter grazing grounds.[7]

Ottoman rule

There are more sources available about Albanians settling in Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time of Ottoman rule then there are about previous historical epochs. Main causes suggested for their settlement in Bosnia include economic, political and social. Most of them came from Kosovo. In Bosnia and Herzegovina they lived as shepherds, farmers, border guards, skillful craftsmen (especially goldsmiths/jewelers), bakers, but they also rose to highest possible post in the Ottoman Empire, including the posts of Grand Viziers.[8] Many Albanian men never returned to their homeland once they left. When they came to Bosnia and Herzegovina they married local girls, quickly integrated into local society, and built a new life. The story of Albanian emigration is also embodied in the way that emigrant families named Mount Koritnik. They named it 'Tragedy'. The people of the Kukës region followed the emigrants up to Koritnik, where the latter separated from their grieving relatives and continued on to Prizren.[9]

Habsburg rule

With the arrival of the Austro-Hungarians the number of Albanians decreased, due to further exile in Europe, whose doors became more open. Thus, in the 1910 census, only 273 Albanian-speaking residents in Bosnia and Herzegovina were registered.[10]

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

During the first and especially the second Yugoslavia, again a large number of Albanians, due to the difficult living conditions in the countries in which they lived (Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia), settled in Bosnia and Herzegovina, mainly in the cities: Sarajevo, Tuzla, Zenica, Banja Luka, Doboj, Brcko, Bijelina, Mostar and Trebinje. By 1930 the number of Albanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina had almost quadrupled, and according to the 1991 census, there were about 5,000 Albanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[11] The then Albanian exiles in Bosnia and Herzegovina were mainly engaged in bakery, confectionery, jewelry and other crafts.[12]

Socialist Yugoslavia and War in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Most Albanians traditionally lived in Sarajevo. On April 11, 1970 an Albanian Association (Klub Albanaca/Klubi Shqiptar) was officially opened, with Mr. Sejfudin Axhanela as its first founding president. The opening ceremony was attended by famous actors Bekim Fehmiu, Ljuba Tadić and the 'Uka i bjeshkeve te nemura' (Vuk sa Prokletija) movie crew.

In 1970–1981, in Sarajevo, there was a primary school in Albanian, the "Bane Šurbat" school in Grbavica.

Demographics

In the 1910 census there were recorded 273 Albanian speaking people Arbanasi people in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[13]

In the 2013 Bosnian census, there were 2,656 Albanians living in Bosnia, with another 150 people who declared themselves as Shqiptar, Kosovars, Illyrian-Albanian, Bosnian-Albanian etc. to a total of 2806 people or 0.08% of total population. The largest religious groups among the Albanians were Muslims.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ "1. Stanovništvo prema etničkoj/nacionalnoj pripadnosti - detaljna klasifikacija". Popis.gov.ba.
  2. ^ "Census of population, households and dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2013: Final results" (PDF). Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. June 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  3. ^ Kulišić, Špiro (1967). "Neki etnički problemi u predanjima o starom stanovništvu dinarske oblasti". Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja (in Serbian) (5): 233–241. ISSN 0350-0020.
  4. ^ Kaser, Karl (May 1994). "The Balkan joint family household: seeking its origins". Continuity and Change. 9 (1): 45–68. doi:10.1017/S0268416000004161. ISSN 1469-218X. S2CID 143832158.
  5. ^ Kulišić, Špiro (1967). "O nekim problemima etničkog razvitka našeg dinarskog stanovništva i njegovih odnosa sa balkanskim starincima". Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja (in Serbian) (5): 191–212. ISSN 0350-0020.
  6. ^ Kaser, Karl (2012). Household and Family in the Balkans: Two Decades of Historical Family Research at University of Graz. LIT Verlag Münster. ISBN 978-3-643-50406-7.
  7. ^ Vukanović, Tatomir (2012). "Srebrenica in the middle ages". Monumenta Srebrenica. 1 (1): 161. ISSN 2233-162X.
  8. ^ "Grand Viziers of Ottoman Empire with Albanian roots". invest-in-albania.org. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  9. ^ "shqiptaret-ne-bosnje-dhe-hercegovine/". illyriapress (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 2020-01-22. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  10. ^ "albanci-u-bih-filigrani-pekari-fishta-i-sarajevske-dase-1903". prometej (in Bosnian). Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  11. ^ "Nacionalne manjine u BiH". osce (in Bosnian). Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  12. ^ "albanci-u-bih-filigrani-pekari-fishta-i-sarajevske-dase-1903". prometej (in Bosnian). Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  13. ^ "Bošnjak: zvanični kalendar za prostu godinu 1914". Sarajevo. 1913. pp. 45–46.
  14. ^ Ćirić, Sonja (24 June 2010), Blistavo i strašno (in Serbian), Vreme
  15. ^ Tinka Kurti: Shkela cdo bestytni per puthjen e pare te filmit shqiptar
  16. ^ "Edmond Azemi - Basketball - Scoresway - Results, fixtures, tables and statistics". Scoresway.com. Archived from the original on 2016-04-01. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
  17. ^ "Kosovarët Festojnë Me Simbolin e Shqiponjës, Zvicra e Bën Problem" (in Albanian). gazetatelegraf.com. 28 August 2012. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
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