Italian Catholic prelate, died 1214 CE
Albert of Jerusalem (1149 – 14 September 1214), also Albertus Hierosolymitanus, Albertus Vercelensis, Saint Albert, Albert of Vercelli or Alberto Avogadro,[1] was a canon lawyer and saint. He was Bishop of Bobbio and Bishop of Vercelli, and served as mediator and diplomat under Pope Clement III. Innocent III appointed him Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1204 or 1205. In Jerusalem, he contributed the Carmelite Rule of St. Albert to the newly-founded Carmelite Order. He is honoured as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and commemorated by the Carmelites on 17 September.
Life
Born at Castel Gualtieri, Italy,[2] he was educated in theology and law. He entered the Canons Regular of the Holy Cross at Mortara and was elected prior in 1180.[3]
He became Bishop of Bobbio in 1184, and a year later was appointed Bishop of Vercelli.[4] He served the Papacy as a mediator and diplomat between Pope Clement III and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. He served as papal legate in 1199 and helped end the war between Parma and Piacenza.
In 1205 he was made Patriarch of Jerusalem by Pope Innocent III, whom he also served as papal legate in the Holy Land. As patriarch, he helped found the Carmelite Order around 1209, in particular by his composition of what came to be called the Carmelite Rule of St. Albert.[4] This order was based on Mount Carmel, across the Bay of Haifa from Acre where he resided as patriarch.
Additionally, he mediated disputes between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Kingdom of Cyprus and between the Knights Templar and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.
In 1214 he had been invited to the Fourth Lateran Council, but the Master of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit, whom he had rebuked and deposed for immorality, stabbed him to death on 14 September while taking part in a procession on the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross.[4]
He was succeeded by Raoul of Merencourt.
- ^ The name "Avogadro" is based on one tradition tracing his origin to a family of that name.
A competing tradition identifies him as Alberto dei Conti di Sabbioneta. Evaldo Xavier Gomes (ed.), The Carmelite Rule, 1207-2007: proceedings of the Lisieux Conference, 4–7 July 2005 (2008), p. 116. (Circa la famiglia di origine le ipotesi più seguite, sia che si protenda per Gualtieri o Gualtirolo, per alcuni, sarebbe da ascrivere alla famiglia degli Avogadro, per altri a quella dei Conti di Sabbioneta, ritenendo aperta la questione).
- ^ "Saint Albert of Jerusalem", Irish Province of Carmelites
- ^ "St. Albert of Jerusalem", The British Province of Carmelites
- ^ a b c Campbell, Thomas. "Blessed Albert." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 28 January 2019
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Blessed Albert". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
