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((short description|Brazilian film director))
((More citations needed|date=June 2019))
[[Image:Alberto Cavalcanti.jpg|thumb|Alberto Cavalcanti]]

'''Alberto de Almeida Cavalcanti''' (February 6, 1897 &ndash; August 23, 1982) was a [[Brazil]]ian-born [[film director]] and [[film producer|producer]]. He was often credited under the single name "Cavalcanti".

==Early life==
Cavalcanti was born in [[Rio de Janeiro]], the son of a prominent [[mathematician]].<ref name=screenonline/> He was a precociously intelligent child and, by the age of 15, was studying law at university,<ref name=guardian>((Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/jul/03/alberto-cavalcanti-film-director-ealing|title=Our debt to Alberto Cavalcanti|first=Kevin|last=Jackson|newspaper=The Guardian |date=July 2, 2010|via=www.theguardian.com))</ref> but was expelled following an argument with a professor. His father sent him to [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]], on condition that he did not study law or politics.<ref name=kevinjackson>((Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_3SLET9u_0C&q=cavalcanti+moved+to+paris+at+18+and+switched+to+interior+design&pg=PA143|title=Humphrey Jennings|first=Kevin|last=Jackson|date=March 3, 2004|publisher=Picador|isbn=9780330354387|via=Google Books))</ref> Cavalcanti chose to study [[architecture]] instead.<ref name=britannica>((Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alberto-Cavalcanti|title=Alberto Cavalcanti &#124; Brazilian director|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=19 August 2023 ))</ref> At 18, he moved to [[Paris]] to work for an architect, later switching to working in [[interior design]].<ref name=kevinjackson/> After a visit to Brazil, he took up a position at the Brazilian [[consul (representative)|consulate]] in [[Liverpool]], [[England]].<ref>((Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PrOMAwAAQBAJ&q=Cavalcanti+Marcel+L%27Herbier&pg=PA128|title=Historical Dictionary of South American Cinema|first=Peter H.|last=Rist|date=May 8, 2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780810880368|via=Google Books))</ref>

Cavalcanti corresponded with [[Marcel L'Herbier]], a leading light in France's [[avant-garde]] film movement, which led to a job offer from L'Herbier for Cavalcanti to work as a [[scenic design|set designer]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/06/arts/design/London-Festival-Celebrates-Marcel-LHerbier-.html|title=London Festival Celebrates Role of Design in L'Herbier's Films|first=Alice|last=Rawsthorn|date=May 5, 2013|via=NYTimes.com))</ref>

==Film career==
In 1920, Cavalcanti left his job at the consulate and moved back to France to work for L'Herbier. Directing his first film in 1926, he was involved in the making of numerous others, the most notable being ''[[L'Inhumaine]]''.<ref name=allmovie/> Cavalcanti was soon making his own films, the first being a 1926 experimental [[documentary film|documentary]], ''[[Rien que les heures]]'' (''Nothing But Time''), showing a day in the life of Paris and its citizens.<ref name=bfi>((Cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1357f9d|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911030601/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1357f9d|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 11, 2017|title=Alberto Cavalcanti|website=BFI))</ref><ref name=britannica/> After the advent of [[sound film|talkies]], he took a job at the French studios of [[Paramount Pictures]], but found himself making more commercial films, which did not hold his interest, so he left Paramount in 1933.<ref name=guardian/> 

The following year, Cavalcanti returned to England to work for the [[GPO Film Unit]], headed by [[John Grierson]].<ref name=screenonline/> Cavalcanti spent seven years there, involved in many capacities, from production to [[audio engineering|sound engineer]], working on many projects, most notably: ''[[Coal Face]]'' (1935), ''[[Night Mail]]'' (1936), ''[[Message to Geneva]]'' (1937), ''[[Four Barriers]]'' (1937), and ''[[Spare Time]]'' (1939).<ref name=screenonline/> Although much of his work at the GPO was uncredited, he acted as a mentor to many new film makers. In 1937, he was appointed acting head of the GPO Film Unit when Grierson left for [[Canada]].<ref name=screenonline/> Told that the only way the position could become permanent was for him to become a [[British nationality law|naturalized British citizen]], Cavalcanti decided to leave the unit.

In 1940, Cavalcanti joined [[Ealing Studios]], under the leadership of producer [[Michael Balcon]].<ref name=screenonline>((Cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/446878/index.html |title=BFI Screenonline: Cavalcanti, Alberto (1897-1982) Biography |website=www.screenonline.org.uk))</ref> He worked as an art editor, producer and director, and his most notable works of this period (many of them propaganda films) were ''[[Yellow Caesar]]'' (1941),  ''[[Went the Day Well?]]'' (1942), ''[[Three Songs of Resistance]]'' (1943), ''[[Champagne Charlie (1944 film)|Champagne Charlie]]'' (1944), ''[[Dead of Night]]'' (as co-director) (1945) and ''[[Nicholas Nickleby (1947 film)|Nicholas Nickleby]]'' (1947).<ref name=guardian/> In 1946, Cavalcanti left Ealing after a dispute about money. He went on to direct three more films in the UK, before returning to Brazil in 1950.<ref name=bfi/>

In Brazil, Cavalcanti became head of production for [[Companhia Cinematográfica Vera Cruz]], though the company eventually became insolvent.<ref>((Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j1euBwAAQBAJ&q=Cavalcanti+worked+for+Companhia+Cinematogr%C3%A1fica+Vera+Cruz.&pg=PA30|title=The Brazilian Road Movie: Journeys of (Self) Discovery|date=June 1, 2013|publisher=University of Wales Press|isbn=9780708325995|via=Google Books))</ref> After being [[blacklist]]ed in Brazil as a communist, he moved back to Europe,<ref name=allmovie>((Cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/alberto-cavalcanti-p84503|title=Alberto Cavalcanti &#124; Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos|website=AllMovie))</ref> spending much of the 1960s and 1970s working as an itinerant film maker in various countries, including [[German Democratic Republic|East Germany]], France and [[Israel]].<ref name=screenonline/>

Cavalcanti died in Paris at the age of 85.<ref name=bfi/>

==Filmography as director==
===France===
*1926 ''[[Rien que les heures]]''
*1927 ''Le train sans yeux''
*1927 ''((Interlanguage link multi|La P'tite Lili|fr))''
*1927 ''En rade''
*1928 ''[[Yvette (1928 film)|Yvette]]''
*1928 ''La jalousie du barbouille''
*1928 ''[[Captain Fracasse (1929 film)|Captain Fracasse]]''
*1929 ''Le petit chaperon rouge''
*1929 ''Vous verrez la semaine prochaine''
*1930 ''Toute sa vie''
*1930 ''A canção do berço''
*1930 ''À mi-chemin du ciel''
*1931 ''[[The Devil's Holiday (French-language film)|The Devil's Holiday]]'' 
*1931 ''Dans une ile perdue''
*1932 ''En lisant le journal''
*1932 ''Le jour du frotteur''
*1932 ''Revue Montmartroise''
*1932 ''Nous ne ferrons jamais du cinéma''
*1932 ''Le truc du brésilien''
*1933 ''Le mari garon''
*1933 ''Plaisirs défendus''
*1933 ''Tour de chant''
*1934 ''[[Coralie and Company]]''

===GPO & Crown Film Units===
*1934 ''[[Pett and Pott: A fairy story of the suburbs]]''
*1934 ''The glorious Sixth of June: New rates''
*1935 ''[[The King's Stamp]]''
*1935 ''[[Coal Face]]''
*1936 ''Message from Geneva''
*1937 ''Line to Tcherva Hut''
*1937 ''Men of the Alps''  (co-prod with Switzerland)
*1937 ''Roadways''
*1937 ''[[We Live In Two Worlds]]''
*1937 ''Who writes to Switzerland?''
*1937 ''Four barriers''
*1938 ''Mony a pickle''
*1938 ''Happy in the morning: A film fantasy''
*1939 ''Mid-summer day's work''
*1939 ''The Chiltern country''
*1940 ''Alice in Switzerland''
*1940 ''La cause commune''
*1940 ''Factory front''
*1940 ''Mastery of the sea''

===Ealing and UK===
*1941 ''Yellow Caesar'' (short)
*1942 ''[[Went the Day Well?]]''
*1943 ''Watertight'' (short)
*1943 ''[[Three Songs of Resistance]]''  
*1944 ''[[Champagne Charlie (1944 film)|Champagne Charlie]]''
*1945 ''[[Dead of Night]]'' ('Christmas party' & 'ventriloquist' episodes)
*1947 ''[[Nicholas Nickleby (1947 film)|Nicholas Nickleby]]''
*1947 ''[[They Made Me a Fugitive]]''
*1947 ''[[The First Gentleman]]''
*1949 ''[[For Them That Trespass]]''
*1961 ''[[The Monster of Highgate Ponds]]''

===Brazil and others===
*1950 ''[[Caiçara (film)|Caiçara]]'' (Brazil)
*1952 ''Simão, o caolho'' (Brazil)
*1952 ''[[Song of the Sea (1952 film)|Song of the Sea]]'' (Brazil)
*1955 ''Mulher de verdade'' (Brazil)
*1955/60 ''[[Herr Puntila and His Servant Matti (1960 film)|Herr Puntila and His Servant Matti]]'' (Austria/East Germany)
*1957 ''[[Die Windrose]]'' (East Germany)
*1959 ''[[Venetian Honeymoon]]'' (France/Italy)
*1967 ''Thus Spoke Theodore Herzl'' (Israel)
*1969 ''Les empailles'' (France)
*1971 ''La visite de la vieille dame'' (France)
*1976 ''Le voyageur du silence'' (France)
*1976 ''Um homem e o cinema'' (Brazil)

== References ==
((reflist))

==External links==
*((IMDb name|id=0146709))
*[http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/446878/ Alberto Cavalcanti biography and filmography] at the [[British Film Institute|BFI]]'s [[Screenonline]]
((Alberto Cavalcanti))
((Authority control))
((DEFAULTSORT:Cavalcanti, Alberto))
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:Brazilian film producers]]
[[Category:Brazilian film directors]]
[[Category:Propaganda film directors]]
[[Category:Cavalcanti family|Alberto]]
[[Category:Brazilian people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Brazilian expatriates in France]]
[[Category:Brazilian expatriates in the United Kingdom]]

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