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((Short description|Soviet scientist (1913–2004)))
((more citations needed|date=May 2023))
((infobox person
|name = Alexander Yakovlevich Lerner
|native_name = Александр Яковлевич Лернер
|image = Alexander Yakovlevich Lerner.jpg
|birth_date = ((birth date|1913|09|07)) 
|death_date = ((death date and age|2004|04|06|1913|09|07))
|birth_place = [[Vinnytsia]], Russian Empire
|death_place = [[Rehovot]], Israel
|occupation = electrical engineering, [[cybernetics]]
|alma mater = [[Moscow Power Engineering Institute]] (PhD, 1940)
))
'''Alexander Yakovlevich Lerner''' (((lang-ru|Александр Яковлевич Лернер)); 7 September 1913, [[Vinnytsia]], Russian Empire – 6 April 2004, [[Rehovot]], Israel) was a scientist and Soviet [[refusenik]].<ref name="isbn0-300-07821-8">((cite book |author=Yakov Alpert |author-link=Yakov Lvovich Alpert |title=Making waves: stories from my life |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, Conn |year=2000 |pages= 162|isbn=0-300-07821-8 |url= http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=9780300078213))</ref>

== Biography ==

=== Early years ===
He was born to a [[Jew]]ish family in [[Vinnytsia]], [[Russian Empire]] (now [[Ukraine]]). His father was a pharmacist and had a drugstore. He graduated from a seven-year school in Vinnitsa at age 12 instead of 14, skipping two grades. His school performance was mediocre, as Lerner was more interested in science outside the school program. At the age of 13 he entered the electromechanical college, where he mastered the profession of technician-engineer.<ref name=":0">((Cite web |title=Александр Лернер, ученый, сионист, патриотЮлий Кошаровский |url=http://kosharovsky.com/%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8E/%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=kosharovsky.com))</ref>

=== Scientific career ===
Lerner graduated with a degree in electrical engineering from the [[Moscow Power Engineering Institute]] in 1938, and received a Ph.D. from the same institution in 1940. During [[World War II]], he worked on installing and debugging US equipment at a steel mill in Siberia while it was under construction.<ref>((Cite web |title=IEEE Xplore Full-Text PDF |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1368487 |access-date=2023-12-18 | doi=10.1109/MCS.2004.1368487 ))</ref> In 1943, when the construction was finished, Lerner went back to Moscow, where he served as the chief engineer of the Central Autonomous Laboratory at the Soviet Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy in [[Moscow]].<ref name=":0" />

Lerner became a member of the Soviet scientific and technological elite. He was a leading practitioner of [[cybernetics]]. It is a branch of science that deals with human control systems like the brain and nervous systems where they interconnect with complex electronic systems. His mathematical equations were used in forecasting supply and demand for vital materials like steel, or allocating scarce resources.

=== Becoming refusenik ===
He was the first prominent Soviet scientist to seek to emigrate to Israel. His request was denied, and resulted in the sudden loss of his positions and privileges. In 1977, a letter was published in the Soviet newspaper ''[[Izvestiya]]'' calling Lerner "the leader of an espionage nest." His closest associates in the refusenik movement — [[Natan Sharansky]], [[Vladimir Slepak]] and [[Ida Nudel]] — were arrested.<ref>((Cite web |last=D. Shraye |first=Maxim |date= |title=Remembering the Mighty Slepak |url=https://mosaicmagazine.com/observation/history-ideas/2015/04/remembering-the-mighty-slepak/ ))</ref>He   was finally granted an exit permit and emigrated to Israel on 27 January 1988, after 16 years of harassment by the KGB, together with his son, daughter-in-law and granddaughter.

Lerner accepted an appointment in the mathematics department at the [[Weizmann Institute of Science]] where he pursued a number of projects, including the development of an [[artificial heart]] and the construction of a mathematical model to predict the behavior of developed societies.

He died in 2004 in [[Rehovot]] at the age of 90.<ref name="SAXON">((cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/06/world/alexander-lerner-cybernetics-expert-is-dead-at-90.html|title=Alexander Lerner, Cybernetics Expert, Is Dead at 90|last=SAXON|first=WOLFGANG|date=2004-07-06|work=New York Times|access-date=2008-06-18))</ref>

== Famous followers ==
Professor [[Vladimir Burkov]], the head of Laboratory of Active Systems in V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of RAS, Moscow, Russia.

Professor [[Vladimir Vapnik]], pioneer in [[statistical learning]] theory.

== References ==
((Reflist))
((Soviet dissidents))
((Cybernetics))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Lerner, Alexander))
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Cyberneticists]]
[[Category:People from Vinnytsia]]
[[Category:Ukrainian Jews]]
[[Category:Soviet dissidents]]
[[Category:Soviet people accused of spying for the West]]
[[Category:Refuseniks]]
[[Category:Soviet electrical engineers]]
[[Category:Ukrainian electrical engineers]]

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