Alia Muhammad Baker
عالية محمد باقر
Born
Alia Muhammad Baker

1952
Iraq
Died13 August 2021 (age 68–69)
Basra, Iraq
Years active14 years

Alia Muhammad Baker (Arabic: عالية محمد باقر; also spelled "Baqer" or "Baqir"; 1952 – 13 August 2021) was an Iraqi librarian who was the chief librarian of the Al Basrah Central Library in Basra. Baker saved an estimated 30,000 books from destruction during the Iraq War, including a biography of Muhammad from around 1300.[1]

Biography

Baker had worked at the library for 14 years.[2] As a child she was told the story of the burning of Baghdad's Nizamiyya library and was horrified.[3]

As war with the US and UK loomed, government officials denied her requests that the books be moved to safety. When government offices moved into the library and an anti-aircraft gun was placed on the roof, she started to smuggle books out of the library.[1]

With a Shi'ite population relatively unsupportive of the Hussein regime, Basra was one of the first targets in the 2003 invasion of Iraq beginning in November. Coalition forces met with more resistance than expected. Most of the invading American troops moved northwards, leaving Basra under a multi-week siege led by the British.[4][5] The city was soon suffering from a "humanitarian crisis" in which residents lacked both water and electricity.[6][7]

The invading forces (including the Royal Australian Air Force) used bombing and psychological warfare during the siege.[8] Eventually, a large column of Iraqi tanks was destroyed by RAF bombs and 300 prisoners were taken in a battle outside the city.[9][10][11] British troops occupied the city on 6 April.[12]

After the government employees vacated the building and the library furnishings were looted, Baker convinced Anis Muhammad, the owner of the restaurant Hamdan, to help.[13] Baker enlisted the help of locals to smuggle the remaining books over the library's seven foot wall and into the dining room of the restaurant next door. Before the library was destroyed, Baker had rescued 70% of the library's collection: 30,000 books, including English and Arabic books and a Spanish language Koran.[1][14]

Baker and her husband rented a truck and distributed the books among library employees, friends, and their own home after things settled down in Basra.[3] The library was rebuilt in 2004 and Baker was reinstated as chief librarian.[15]

The story of how Baker rescued the library books has inspired two children's books: Alia's Mission and Jeanette Winter's The Librarian of Basra (Harcourt 2005). Some of the money raised from sales has been donated to the library.[16] Prof. S. Sivadas has published a book in Malayalam entitled Pusthaka maalaakhayute katha about her.[1] Archived 1 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine

Baker died from COVID-19 in Basra on 13 August 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq.[17]

References

  1. ^ a b c "After the War: The Librarian; Books Spirited to Safety Before Iraq Library Fire". The New York Times. 27 July 2003. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  2. ^ Jardine and Naqvi, "Learning not to Speak in Tongues" (2008), p. 640.
  3. ^ a b "Alia Muhammad Baker – Chief Librarian of Al Basrah (Iraq) Central Library, Cultural Heroine – Middle Eastern Culture". www.bellaonline.com. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  4. ^ Keith B. Richburg, "Basra standoff raises concern about Baghdad Archived 26 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 30 March 2003.
  5. ^ Richard Sanders, "The myth of 'shock and awe': why the Iraqi invasion was a disaster", The Daily Telegraph (UK), 19 March 2013.
  6. ^ Karen MacPherson, "Residents in Basra could die of thirst without relief supplies Archived 1 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 28 March 2003.
  7. ^ Shaoni Bhattacharya, "Catastrophe looms as Basra remains without water", New Scientist, 25 March 2003.
  8. ^ James Dao, "British seek revolution in Basra", The Sydney Morning Herald, 31 March 2003.
  9. ^ Tim Butcher, "Battle for the streets of Basra", The Guardian, 31 March 2003.
  10. ^ "British attack column of Iraqi tanks near Basra Archived 28 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine", PBS, 27 March 2003.
  11. ^ Tom Newton Dunn, "War Watch: Iraqi tank column breaks out of Basra", The Guardian, 31 March 2003; pooled report quoting Major Mick Green.
  12. ^ Rosalind Russell, "British tanks shoot their way into Basra", IOL News, 6 April 2003.
  13. ^ Dewan, Shaila K. (27 July 2003). "AFTER THE WAR: THE LIBRARIAN; Books Spirited to Safety Before Iraq Library Fire". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  14. ^ Rebecca Knuth (2006). Burning Books And Leveling Libraries: Extremist Violence And Cultural Destruction. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 195. ISBN 9780275990077.
  15. ^ "Alia Muhammad Baker – Chief Librarian of Al Basrah (Iraq) Central Library, Cultural Heroine". Bella Online. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  16. ^ Jardine and Naqvi, "Learning not to Speak in Tongues" (2008), p. 644.
  17. ^ "وفاة أمينة المكتبة المركزية في البصرة عالية محمد باقر: أنقذت آلاف الكتب عام 2003". IQ News (in Arabic). 13 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.

Sources

External links

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