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((Short description|Lifestyles perceived to be outside the cultural norm))
((multiple issues|((more citations needed|date=October 2020))
((Globalize|date= October 2020))))
An '''alternative lifestyle''' is a [[lifestyle (sociology)|lifestyle]] perceived to be outside the [[Norm (sociology)|norm]] for a given culture. The phrase "alternative lifestyle" is often used [[pejorative]]ly.((r|Ryan)) Description of a related set of activities as alternative is a defining aspect of certain [[subculture]]s.<ref name="Ciment">((Cite book |last=Ciment |first=James |editor-last=Misiroglu |editor-first=Gina |title=American Countercultures: An Encyclopedia of Nonconformists, Alternative Lifestyles, and Radical Ideas in U.S. History |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-47729-7 |pages=xxxvi - xxxvii |chapter=Introduction))</ref>

== History ==
Alternative lifestyles and [[Subculture|subcultures]] were first highlighted in the U.S. in the 1920s with the "[[flapper]]" movement. Women cut their hair and skirts short (as a symbol of freedom from oppression and the old ways of living).<ref name="Bland">((Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f5rLCgAAQBAJ&q=flapper&pg=PP1 |title=Modern women on trial: Sexual transgression in the age of the flapper |last=Bland |first=Lucy |date=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9781847798961))</ref>((better source needed|date=September 2018)) These women were the first large group of females to practice pre-marital sex, dancing, cursing, and driving in modern America without the ostracism that had occurred in earlier instances.

The American press in the 1970s frequently used the term "alternative lifestyle" as a euphemism for homosexuality out of fear of offending a mass audience. The term was also used to refer to [[hippie]]s, who were seen as a threat to the social order.<ref name="Ryan">((cite book |last1=Ryan |first1=Maureen E. |title=Lifestyle Media in American Culture: Gender, Class, and the Politics of Ordinariness |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-315-46495-4))((Page needed|date=October 2021))</ref>

==Examples ==
[[File:1981 Camping. Mobile Homes 54 copy.jpg|thumb|[[Housetrucker]]s at the 1981 [[Nambassa]] five-day festival]]

The following is a non-exhaustive list of activities in the U.S. that have been described as alternative lifestyles:
* A [[Stanford University]] cooperative house, Synergy, was founded in 1972 with the theme of "exploring alternative lifestyles".<ref>((Cite web |title=SYNERGY ((!)) Residential Education |url=https://resed.stanford.edu/residences/find-house/synergy |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=resed.stanford.edu |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029165843/https://resed.stanford.edu/residences/find-house/synergy |url-status=dead ))</ref>
* Alternative child-rearing, such as [[homeschooling]], [[coparenting]], and [[home births]]
* Environmentally-conscious ways of eating, such as [[veganism]], [[freeganism]], or [[raw foodism]]
* Living in non-traditional communities, such as [[Intentional community|communes]], [[Intentional community|intentional communities]], [[ecovillage]]s, [[off-the-grid]], or the [[tiny house movement]]
* Traveling subcultures, including [[lifestyle traveller]]s, [[Digital nomad|digital nomads]], [[housetrucker]]s, and [[New Age travellers]]
* [[Counterculture|Countercultural]] movements and alternative subcultures such as [[Bohemianism]], [[Punk subculture|punk rock]], [[emo]], [[Heavy metal subculture|metal music subculture]], [[antiquarian]] [[Steampunk#Culture and community|steampunk]], [[hippie]]s, and [[Vampire lifestyle|vampires]]
* [[Body modification]], including [[tattoos]], [[body piercings]], [[corneal tattooing|eye tattooing]], [[scarification]], [[Body modification#Applying long-term force|non-surgical stretching]] like ears or genital stretching, and [[transdermal implants]]
* [[Nudism]] and [[clothing optional]] lifestyles
* [[Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures|Non-normative sexual lifestyles and gender identity-based subcultures]], such as [[BDSM]], [[LGBT culture]], [[cross-dressing]], [[transvestism]], [[polyamory]], [[Cruising for sex|cruising]], [[Swinging (sexual practice)|swinging]], ''[[Down-low (sexual slang)|down-low]]'', and certain types of [[sexual fetishism]], [[Sexual roleplay|roleplays]], or [[paraphilia]]s<ref>((cite book|last1=Makai|first1=Michael|title=Domination & Submission: The BDSM Relationship Handbook|date=September 2013|publisher=Createspace|isbn=978-1492775973))</ref>
* Adherents to alternative [[Spirituality|spiritual]] and religious communities, such as [[Freemasonry|Freemasons]], [[Ordo Templi Orientis]], [[Thelema|Thelemites]], [[Satanism|Satanists]], [[Modern Paganism|Modern Pagans]], and [[New Age communities]]
* Certain traditional religious minorities, such as [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist Christians]] (most notably [[Amish]], [[Mennonites]], [[Hutterites]], the [[Bruderhof Communities]], and [[Schwarzenau Brethren]]) and [[Haredi Judaism|ultra-Orthodox Jews]], who pursue [[simple living]] alongside a non-technological or [[anti-technology]] lifestyle
* Secular anti-technology communities called [[Neo-Luddism|neo-Luddites]]

==See also==
* [[Alternative culture]]
* [[Alternative housing]]
* [[Intentional living]]
* ''[[Lebensreform]]''
* [[Straight edge]]
* [[Teetotalism]]
* [[Temperance movement]]
* [[Underground culture]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Alternative Lifestyle))
[[Category:1920s introductions]]
[[Category:Deviance (sociology)]]
[[Category:Lifestyle]]
[[Category:Lifestyles| ]]
[[Category:Philosophy of life]]
[[Category:Subcultures]]

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