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((Redirect|Murge|other uses|Murge (disambiguation)))
((Refimprove|date=June 2018))
[[File:Murge Castel del Monte.jpg|thumb|Landscape of the Murge plateau]]

The '''Altopiano delle Murge''' ([[Italian language|Italian]] for '[[plateau]] of the Murge') is a [[karst topography|karst topographic]] [[plateau]] of rectangular shape in southern Italy. Most of it lies within [[Puglia]] and corresponds with the sub-region known as Murgia or Le Murge. The plateau lies mainly in the [[Metropolitan City of Bari]] and the [[province of Barletta-Andria-Trani]], but extends into the [[provinces of Italy|provinces]] of [[province of Brindisi|Brindisi]] and [[province of Taranto|Taranto]] to the south, and into [[province of Matera|Matera]] in [[Basilicata]] to the west. The name is believed to originate from the ((lang-la|murex)), meaning 'sharp stone'.

== Geography and geology ==

The Murge plateau covers a surface of some 4,000&nbsp;km², bordered by the [[Ofanto]] river and the [[Tavoliere delle Puglie]] to the north, the [[Adriatic Sea]] to the northeast, and by the Messapic depression, which separates it from the [[Salento]] peninsula, to the south.  It is usually divided into '''Alta Murgia''' (High Murgia), the highest area, with poorer vegetation, and '''Bassa Murgia''' (Lower Murgia), with more fertile land, extensively planted with [[olive]]-trees for the production of olives.

The plateau is geologically homogeneous to a great extent, and lies mostly on the [[limestone]] formations of Calcare di Ban and Calcare di Altamura, with [[terra rossa]] deposits present in the sequence.<ref>Marino Maggetti, Bruno Messiga, '' Geomaterials in Cultural Heritage'' (2006), p. 51</ref> The rocks are mostly [[cretaceous|Cretacic]] limestone, so that karst landscapes prevail in the area, with doline fields, some large dolines, [[sinkhole]]s, and caves. The largest dolines are near [[Altamura]], [[Gravina in Puglia|Gravina]], and [[Molfetta]]. The large karstic doline of Molfetta is known locally as the 'Pulo' and lies south-west of the town, near the Adriatic coast, taking the form of an oval-shaped depression with a depth of some thirty metres.<ref>Dragos Gheorghiu, ''Early Farmers, Late Foragers, and Ceramic Traditions'' (2009), p. 97</ref> Near [[Castellana Grotte]] are the [[Castellana Caves]], the most important in the Puglia region. The highest point of the plateau is called Monte Caccia, at 679&nbsp;m.

The climate is cold in winter, with average temperatures in the 1-6&nbsp;°C range. In summer, they rise up to 30&nbsp;°C. Rain, unlike in the arid [[Salento]] nearby, has an annual average of ca. 950&nbsp;mm.

== Economy ==

Historically, the Murge have been the seat of [[transhumance]] practice in animal husbandry, since at least the first millennium BC,<ref>T. H. Carpenter, K. M. Lynch, E. G. D. Robinson, ''The Italic People of Ancient Apulia'' (2014), p. 16</ref> with cattle being moved to Abruzzo in summer, and southwards during winter.

Until the 19th century, agriculture was characterized by large [[latifundia]], owned by a few landowners, and the relative lack of water, forming part of a region sometimes called "the feudal South".<ref>Dino Carpanetto, Giuseppe Ricuperati, ''Italy in the age of reason, 1685-1789'', Volume 5 (1987), p. 25</ref>
Present-day economic activities include [[marble]] quarries, and the production of olives, wine, almonds, cherries, and mulberries. The animals grazed include sheep, goats, domestic pigs, and cattle.((cn|date=April 2024))

A local breed of horse, known as [[Murgese]], has been bred here since the Middle Ages. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the breed was ridden by Italian knights. In later centuries, the Murgese almost died out, but was revived in the 1920s.<ref>Andrea Fitzpatrick, ''The Ultimate Guide to Horse Breeds'' (2016), p. 212</ref>


((Coord|40|58|34|N|16|24|22|E|type:landmark_source:kolossus-eswiki|display=title))

== See also ==
* [[Pulo di Altamura]]
* [[Pulicchio di Gravina]]
* [[Gurio Lamanna]]
* [[Altamura]]
* [[Gravina in Puglia]]
* [[Alta Murgia National Park]]
* [[Lama (geology)]]
* [[Karst]]

== References ==
((reflist))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Landforms of Apulia]]
[[Category:Plateaus of Italy]]

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