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((Short description|Filipino writer and labor leader))
((more citations needed|date=November 2021))
((Philippine name|Vera|Hernandez))
((Infobox person
| name = Amado V. Hernandez 
| image = AmadoV.Hernandezjf1216.JPG
| image_caption = Relief bust of Amado V. Hernandez, Plaza Hernandez, Tondo, Manila.
| image_size = 300px
| birth_name = Amado Vera Hernandez
| birth_date = ((Birth date|1903|09|13))<ref name="peralta1">((cite journal |last1=Peralta |first1=Arnel |title=Review of Ka Amado |journal=Philippine Studies: Historical & Ethnographic Viewpoints |date=2015 |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=279–282 |doi=10.1353/phs.2015.0015 |jstor=24672338 |s2cid=192384479 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24672338 |access-date=5 November 2021 |issn=2244-1093))</ref>
| birth_place = [[Tondo, Manila]], [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|Philippine Islands]]
| death_date = ((Death date and age|1970|03|24|1903|09|13))
| death_place =[[Manila]], [[Philippines]]
| spouse = ((marriage|[[Atang de la Rama]]|1932))<ref>((cite book |last1=Degroot |first1=Veronique |last2=Klokke |first2=Marijke J. |title=Materializing Southeast Asia's Past: Selected Papers from the 12th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists |date=1 May 2013 |publisher=NUS Press |isbn=978-9971-69-655-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5rGBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA261 |access-date=8 November 2021 |language=en))</ref>
| awards      = ((nowrap|[[File:National_Artist_of_the_Philippines.svg|25px]] [[Order of National Artists of the Philippines]]))<ref>((cite web |title=Order of National Artists: Amado V. Hernandez |url=https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/amado-v-hernandez/ |website=National Commission for Culture and the Arts |access-date=5 November 2021))</ref>
))

'''Amado Vera Hernandez''' (September 13, 1903 &ndash; March 24, 1970), was a [[Filipino people|Filipino]] writer and labor leader who was known for his criticism of social injustices in the [[Philippines]] and was later imprisoned for his involvement in the [[communist]] movement. He was the central figure in a landmark legal case that took 13 years to settle.

He was born in [[Tondo, Manila]], to parents Juan Hernandez from [[Hagonoy, Bulacan]] and Clara Vera of [[Baliuag, Bulacan]].<ref name="peralta1"/>  He grew up and studied at the Gagalangin, Tondo, the Manila High School and at the American Correspondence School.

==Career as a Writer==
While still a teenager, he began writing in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] for the newspaper ''Watawat'' (Flag). He would later write a column for the Tagalog publication ''Pagkakaisa'' (Unity) and become the youngest ''patnugot'' (editor) of ''Mabuhay'' (Long Live) at the age of 28.<ref name="tablan1"/>

His writings gained the attention of Tagalog literati and some of his stories and poems were included in anthologies, such as [[Clodualdo del Mundo (writer)|Clodualdo del Mundo]]'s ''Parolang Ginto'' and [[Alejandro Abadilla]]'s ''Talaang Bughaw''.

In 1922, at the age of 19, Hernandez became a member of the literary society ''Aklatang Bayan'' which included noted Tagalog writers [[Lope K. Santos]] and [[Jose Corazon de Jesus]].

In 1932, he married the Filipino actress [[Atang de la Rama]]. Both of them would later be recognized as [[National Artist of the Philippines|National Artists]]: Hernandez for Literature, de la Rama for Theater, Dance and Music.

==World War II==
Hernandez joined the [[resistance movement]] when the Japanese [[Philippines campaign (1941–1942)|invaded]] in the Philippines in 1941. He was an intelligence operative of the guerilla outfit of Marking and Anderson, whose operations covered [[Bulacan]] and the [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]] mountains, throughout the [[World War II|Second World War]].

While he was a guerilla, Hernandez came in contact with guerillas of the ''Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon'' ([[Hukbalahap]]) which was founded by [[Luis Taruc]] and other communist ideologues continued by the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Philippine Commonwealth]] troops entered in [[Bulacan]]. It is believed that this was when Hernandez developed sympathies, if not belief, with the communist movement.

==Labor leader==
After the war, [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Sergio Osmeña]] appointed him councilor of [[Manila]] during the reconstruction of the war-devastated city. He also became president of the defunct Philippine Newspaper Guild in coordination with its editor in chief, Narjeey Larasa. During this time he published articles on landlordism, collaboration with the Japanese, the reintroduction of American armed forces and the execution of guerilla leaders.<ref>((cite web |last1=Gregorio |first1=Ferdinand S |title=In Defense of Freedom: Philippine Press Through the Ages |url=https://nhcp.gov.ph/in-defense-of-freedom-philippine-press-through-the-ages/ |website=National Historical Commission of the Philippines |access-date=8 November 2021 |date=4 September 2012))</ref>

But his most significant activities after the war involved organizing labor unions across the country through the labor federation Congress of Labor Organizations (CLO). Influenced by the philosophy of [[Marx]] he advocated revolution as a means of change. On May 5, 1947, he led the biggest labor strike to hit Manila at that time. The following year, he became president of the CLO and led another massive labor demonstration on May 1948.<ref name="valiente"/>

In 1950, the Philippine military started a crackdown against the communist movement, which was had sparked [[Hukbalahap Rebellion|open rebellion]] in some areas on [[Luzon]] island, and the CLO headquarters was raided on January 20, 1951. Hernandez was arrested on January 1951 along with several trade union leaders in Manila<ref>((cite journal |last1=Bulosan |first1=Carlos |title=Terrorism Rides the Philippines |journal=Amerasia Journal |date=1 May 1979 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=139–141 |doi=10.17953/amer.6.1.x025433333186258 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.17953/amer.6.1.x025433333186258?journalCode=ramj20 |access-date=8 November 2021 |issn=0044-7471))</ref> on the suspicion that he was among the leaders of the rebellion.

==Imprisonment==
Though the authorities could not find evidence to charge him; For six months, he was transferred from one military camp to another and it took nearly a year before he was indicted on a charge of rebellion with murder, arson and robbery - a complex crime unheard of in Philippine legal history.

The case stirred the interest of [[civil rights]] activists in the Philippines and Hernandez was assisted at various times by legal luminaries like [[Senate of the Philippines|Senator]] [[Claro M. Recto]], former President [[Jose P. Laurel|José P. Laurel]] and [[Claudio Teehankee]], who would later become [[Chief Justice]] of the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines]]. But he remained in prison while his appeal was pending.

It was while he was imprisoned that he wrote his most notable works. He wrote ''Isang Dipang Langit'' (A Stretch of Heaven), which later won a Republic Cultural Heritage Award, and ''Bayang Malaya'' (Free Nation), which later won a Balagtas Award. Also written in prison was his masterpiece ''Luha ng Buwaya'' (Tears of the Crocodile). Portions of his novel ''Mga Ibong Mandaragit'' (Birds of Prey) was also written while he was at the [[New Bilibid Prison]]. He also edited the prison's newspaper ''Muntinglupa Courier''.

After five years of imprisonment, the Supreme Court allowed Hernandez to post bail on June 20, 1956.<ref name="tablan1">((cite journal |last1=Tablan |first1=Ferdinand |title=Kaisipang Sosyalismo sa mga Akda ni Amado V. Hernandez |journal=Kritike |date=June 2011 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=15–35 |doi=10.25138/5.1.a.2 |url=http://www.kritike.org/journal/issue_9/tablan_june2011.pdf |access-date=5 November 2021 |language=tl))</ref> He then resumed his journalistic career and wrote a column for the Tagalog tabloid ''Taliba''. He would later be conferred awards in prestigious literary contests, like the Commonwealth Literary Contest (twice), Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards (four times) and journalism awards given by the [[National Press Club of the Philippines]] (four times).

On May 30, 1964, the Supreme Court acquitted Hernandez<ref name="tablan1"/> in a decision that would be a landmark in Philippine [[jurisprudence]]. The case ''[[People of the Philippines vs. Amado V. Hernandez]]'' is now a standard case study in Philippine law schools.

Hernandez continued to write and teach after his acquittal. He was teaching at the [[University of the Philippines]] when he died on March 24, 1970.<ref>((cite news |title=Did You Know: Amado V. Hernandez born today |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1164067/did-you-know-643 |access-date=5 November 2021 |work=INQUIRER.net |date=13 September 2019 |language=en))</ref> The University of the Philippines posthumously conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Humanities ''honoris causa'' on March 14, 1972.<ref>((cite book |last1=Alfonso |first1=Oscar M. |last2=Bauzon |first2=Leslie E. |title=University of the Philippines: The First 75 Years (1908-1983) |date=1985 |publisher=University of the Philippines Press |isbn=978-971-10-5018-4 |page=699 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0XifAAAAMAAJ |access-date=8 November 2021 |language=en))</ref> The [[Ateneo de Manila University]] awarded him its first ''Tanglaw ng Lahi'' award. He was posthumously honored as National Artist for Literature in 1973.<ref name="coroza1">((cite journal |last1=Coroza |first1=Michael M. |title=Review of Bullets and Roses: The Poetry of Amado V. Hernandez, a Bilingual Edition |journal=Philippine Studies |date=2006 |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=487–490 |jstor=42633884 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42633884 |access-date=5 November 2021 |issn=0031-7837))</ref> Together with poet [[José García Villa]], Hernández was the first to receive the title in literature.

==Works==

===Novels===
His socio-political novels were based on his experiences as a guerrilla, as a labour leader and as a political detainee.

*''[[Mga Ibong Mandaragit]]'' (Birds of Prey),1969.
*''[[Luha Ng Buwaya]]'' (Crocodile's Tears),<ref name="manipon1"/> 1972.
*''[[Pili sa Pinili]]'' (Chosen from the Selected), 1964.

===Poems===
* Isang Dipang Langit (An Arm-Stretch of Sky),<ref name="manipon1"/><ref name="coroza1"/> 
* Panata sa Kalayaan (Pledge to Freedom)<ref name="manipon1">((cite web |last1=Manipon |first1=Roel Hoang |title=In Focus: The Amado V. Hernandez Birth Centenary: The Revolution of His Words |url=https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/the-amado-v-hernandez-birth-centenary-the-revolution-of-his-words/ |website=National Commission for Culture and the Arts |access-date=8 November 2021 |date=15 September 2003))</ref> - this poem is carved on his marble headstone<ref>((cite journal |last1=Cruz |first1=Andres Cristobal |title=Ka Amado: Bartolina at Barikada |journal=Philippine Studies |date=1971 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=255–286 |jstor=42632100 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42632100 |access-date=5 November 2021 |language=tl |issn=0031-7837))</ref> April 22, 1952<ref name="tablan1"/>
* Ang Mga Kayamanan ng Tao
* Ang Dalaw Kay Silaw
* Bartolina
* Kung Tuyo Na ang Luha Mo Aking Bayan (When Your Tears Have Dried, My Country)<ref name="manipon1"/>
* Bayang Malaya
* Ang Taong Kapos
* Bayani
* Sa Batang Walang Bagong Damit
* Isang Sining ng Pagbigkas
* Ang Panday
* Inang Wika
* Ang Tao
* Ang Aklasan

===Essays===
*''Si Atang at ang Dulaan'' (Atang and the Theater)<ref name="valiente">((cite web |last1=Valiente |first1=Tito Genova |title=The Mighty Words: Writers of Protest and Revolution |url=https://philippinesgraphic.com.ph/2021/06/02/the-mighty-words-writers-of-protest-and-revolution/ |website=Philippines Graphic |access-date=8 November 2021 |date=2 June 2021))</ref>
*''Si Jose Corazon de Jesus at ang Ating Panulaan (Jose Corazon de Jesus and Our Poetry)<ref name="valiente"/>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Awards and nominations
|-
! Year !! Award Giving Body !! Category !! Nominated Work !! Results
|-
| 1925||  || Makata ng Ilaw at Panitik || || ((won))<ref name="hernandez1"/>
|-
| 1938 ||  Commonwealth Literary Contest || || Kayumanggi || ((won))<ref name="hernandez1">((cite web |title=Hernandez, Amado V. |url=https://philippineculturaleducation.com.ph/hernandez-amado-v/ |website=Sagisag Kultura |publisher=National Commission for Culture and the Arts |access-date=8 November 2021 |language=tl |date=2015))</ref>
|-
| 1958 || [[1958 Palanca Awards]] || One-Act Play in Filipino || Muntinlupa || ((won))
|-
| 1959|| [[1959 Palanca Awards]] || One-Act Play in Filipino|| Hagdan sa Bahaghari || ((won))
|-
| 1962|| Republic Cultural Heritage Award || || Isang Dipang Langit || ((won))<ref name="hernandez1"/>
|-
| 1964|| [[City of Manila]] || Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan ng Lungsod Maynila  ||  || ((won))<ref name="hernandez1"/>
|-
| 1970|| [[Ateneo de Manila University]] || Tanglaw ng Lahi ||  || ((won))<ref name="hernandez1"/><ref>((cite web |title=Tanglaw ng Lahi Award |url=https://www.ateneo.edu/office-president/traditional-university-awards/tanglaw-ng-lahi-award |website=Ateneo de Manila University |access-date=8 November 2021 |language=en |date=26 June 2013))</ref>
|}

==References==
((Reflist))

==Sources==
* National Historical Institute, ''Filipinos in History'' 5 vols. (Manila: National Historical Institute, 1995)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090416205947/http://nationalartists.panitikan.com.ph/avhernandez.htm Amado V. Hernandez]
((National Artists of the Philippines|state=collapsed))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Hernandez, Amado V.))
[[Category:People from Bulacan]]
[[Category:People from Tondo, Manila]]
[[Category:Manila City Council members]]
[[Category:Filipino writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Manila]]
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:Filipino communists]]
[[Category:Burials at the Manila North Cemetery]]
[[Category:Inmates of the New Bilibid Prison]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Filipino journalists]]

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