Sun beetles

Amara aenea
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Family:	Carabidae
Subfamily:	Pterostichinae
Tribe:	Zabrini
Subtribe:	Amarina Zimmermann, 1832
Genus:	Amara Bonelli, 1810^[1]
Type species
Carabus vulgaris (= Amara lunicollis Schiødte, 1837)^[2] Linnaeus sensu Panzer, 1797
Subgenera
See text
Synonyms^[2]^[3]
Subtribe Amaroiden Zimmermann, 1832 Isopleuridae Kirby, 1837 Agronomaeidae Gistel, 1848 Pangeteidae Gistel, 1856 Genus Agronoma Gistel, 1848 Linomus Fischer von Waldheim, 1829 Pangetes Gistel, 1856

Amara is a large genus of carabid beetles, commonly called the sun beetles. Many are holarctic, but a few species are neotropical or occur in eastern Asia.^[4]

These ground beetles are mostly black or bronze-colored, and many species have a characteristic "bullet-shaped" habitus, as shown in the photos, making them taxonomically difficult for a beginner. They are predominantly herbivorous, with some species known to climb ripening grasses to feed on the seeds. Other species are used as weed control agents. Numerous species are adventive in non-native habitats, particularly species that thrive in synanthropic settings.

Gallery

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A. communis
A. fulva
A. lunicollis
A. ovata

Subgenera

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The following are subgenera of Amara:^[5]^[6]

Acorius Zimmermann, 1831
Allobradytus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1975
Amara Bonelli, 1810
Amarocelia Motschulsky, 1862
Amathitis Zimmermann, 1831
Ammoleirus Tschitscherine, 1899
Ammoxena Tschitscherine, 1894
Armatoleirides Tanaka, 1957
Atlantocnemis Antoine, 1953
Bradytodema Hieke, 1983
Bradytulus Tschitscherine, 1894
Bradytus Stephens, 1827
Camptocelia Jeannel, 1942
Celia Zimmermann, 1832
Cribramara Kryzhanovskij, 1964
Cumeres Andrewes, 1924
Curtonotus Stephens, 1827
Eoleirides Tschitscherine, 1898
Harpaloamara Baliani, 1934
Harpalodema Reitter, 1888
Heterodema Tschitscherine, 1894
Hyalamara Tschitscherine, 1903
Leiocnemis Zimmermann, 1831
Leiramara Hieke, 1988
Leirides Putzeys, 1866
Leiromorpha Ganglbauer, 1891
Leironotus Ganglbauer, 1892
Leuris Lutshnik, 1927
Microleirus Kryzhanovskij, 1974
Neopercosia Hieke, 1978
Paracelia Bedel, 1899
Paraleirides Sainte-Claire Deville, 1906
Parapercosia Tschitscherine, 1899
Percosia Zimmermann, 1832
Phaenotrichus Tschitscherine, 1898
Phanerodonta Tschitscherine, 1894
Polysitamara Kryzhanovskij, 1968
Pseudoamara Baliani, 1934
Pseudocelia Lutshnik, 1935
Pseudoleirides Kryzhanovskij, 1968
Pseudoleiromorpha Hieke, 1981
Reductocelia Lafer, 1989
Shunichius Habu, 1972
Xanthamara Bedel, 1899
Xenocelia Hieke, 2001
Zabrocelis Putzeys, 1866
Zezea Csiki, 1929

References

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^ Bonelli, F.A. (1813). "Tabula Synoptica". Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences, Littérature et Beaux-Arts de Turin: Sciences Physiques et Mathématiques. Pour les Années 1811—1812.
^ ^a ^b Bousquet, Yves (2012). "Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico" (PDF). ZooKeys (245): 1–1722. doi:10.3897/zookeys.245.3416. PMC 3577090. PMID 23431087.
^ Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Davies, Anthony E.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; Lawrence, John F.; Lyal, Chris H. C.; Newton, Alfred F.; Reid, Chris A. M.; Schmitt, Michael; Ślipiński, S. Adam; Smith, Andrew B. T. (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
^ "Amara Bonelli, 1810". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
^ Löbl, Ivan; Löbl, Daniel (2017). Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga. Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 1 (Revised and Updated ed.). ISBN 9789004330290.
^ Hieke, Fritz (1 February 2011). "Aktueller Katalog der Gattung Amara Bonelli, 1810" (PDF) (in German).

Haghebaert, G. (1989). Coleoptera from marine habitats, in: Wouters, K.; Baert, L. (Ed.) (1989). Proceedings of the Symposium "Invertebrates of Belgium". pp. 301–308