Ammonium heptamolybdate
Names
IUPAC name
Ammonium docosaoxoheptamolybdate(6–)
Other names
Ammonium molybdate
Ammonium paramolybdate
(see text)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.553 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 234-320-9
UNII
  • InChI=1S/7Mo.6H3N.24H2O/h;;;;;;;6*1H3;24*1H2 checkY
    Key: QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/7Mo.6H3N.24H2O/h;;;;;;;6*1H3;24*1H2
    Key: QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYAC
  • [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo](=O)(=O)[O-].[O-][Mo](=O)(=O)[O-].[O-][Mo](=O)(=O)[O-]
  • [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[Mo]3479%12[O+]1[Mo]25([O-])([O-])O[Mo]1%10([O-])([O-])O[Mo]%11([O-])([O-])(O[Mo]8([O-])([O-])(O[Mo]6([O-])([O-])(O[Mo]([O-])([O-])(O2)(O3)[O++]456)[O+]78)[O++]9%10%11)O%12.[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+]
Properties
(NH4)6Mo7O24
Molar mass 1163.9 g/mol
1235.86 g/mol (tetrahydrate)
Appearance white solid
Density 2.498 g/cm3
Melting point ~90 ˚C (loses water molecule)
190 °C (decomp.)
65.3 g / 100 ml (tetrahydrate)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Irritant
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
0
0
Flash point Non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS) External MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions
 Ammonium orthomolybdate
Ammonium dimolybdate
Other cations
 Potassium paramolybdate
Related compounds
 Molybdenum(VI) oxide
Molybdic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Ammonium heptamolybdate is the inorganic compound whose chemical formula is (NH4)6Mo7O24, normally encountered as the tetrahydrate. A dihydrate is also known. It is a colorless solid, often referred to as ammonium paramolybdate or simply as ammonium molybdate, although "ammonium molybdate" can also refer to ammonium orthomolybdate, (NH4)2MoO4, and several other compounds. It is one of the more common molybdenum compounds.[1]

Synthesis

Ammonium heptamolybdate is easily prepared by dissolving molybdenum trioxide in an excess of aqueous ammonia and evaporating the solution at room temperature. While the solution evaporates, the excess of ammonia escapes. This method results in the formation of six-sided transparent prisms of the tetrahydrate of ammonium heptamolybdate.[2]

Solutions of ammonium paramolybdate react with acids to form molybdic acid and an ammonium salt. The pH value of a concentrated solution will lie between 5 and 6.

Structure

The compound was first analyzed crystallographically by Lindqvist, but has been reanalyzed.[3] All Mo centers are octahedral. Some oxide ligands are terminal, some doubly bridging, and a few are triply bridging ligands.

The salt contains the heptamolybdate hexaanion.

Uses

Related compounds

Potassium heptamolybdate, also obtained as the tetrahydrate, is very similar to the ammonium salt.[3]

Safety

Molybdates are typically of low toxicity, so much so that few reports of incidents have ever been reported.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b Sebenik, Roger F.; et al. (2000). "Molybdenum and Molybdenum Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  2. ^ L. Svanberg & H. Struve, J. pr. Ch. 44 [1848], p. 282; cited in Gmelin's Handbuch für Anorganische Chemie, 53, p. 255.
  3. ^ a b Evans, H.T., Jr.; Gatehouse, B. M.; Leverett, P. "Crystal Structure of the Heptamolybdate(VI) (paramolybdate) ion, (Mo7O24)6−, in the ammonium and potassium tetrahydrate salts" Journal of the Chemical Society. Dalton Transactions, Inorganic Chemistry1975, p.505-p514.
  4. ^ Parsons, T.; Maita, V. & Lalli, C. (1984). A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis. Oxford: Pergamon.
  5. ^ Harris, J. R. and Horne, R. W. 1991. "Negative staining", in Harris J. R. (Ed.), Electron Microscopy in Biology, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  6. ^ Adrian, Marc; Dubochet, Jacques; Fuller, Stephen D.; Harris, J. Robin (1998). "Cryo-negative staining". Micron. 29 (2–3): 145–160. doi:10.1016/S0968-4328(97)00068-1. PMID 9684350.
  7. ^ De Carlo, S.; El-Bez, C.; Alvarez-Rúa, C.; Borge, J.; Dubochet, J. (2002). "Cryo-negative staining reduces electron-beam sensitivity of vitrified biological particles". Journal of Structural Biology. 138 (3): 216–226. doi:10.1016/S1047-8477(02)00035-7. PMID 12217660.

See also

Phosphate test aka Deniges' method links to here.

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