Amyas Preston (died 1609) was an English privateer of the Elizabethan period. His career was largely spent in the Caribbean, as were other more famous corsairs of the age such as Francis Drake, John Hawkins and Walter Raleigh.

He is principally remembered for his participation in the naval battle of the British Royal Navy against the Spanish Armada in 1588, as well as for the looting and burning of Caracas in 1595 during what is known as the Preston–Somers expedition.

Biography

Early life

Little is known about Preston's family and upbringing, but he is believed to have come from Cricket St Thomas in Somerset. In 1581 he married a London widow called Julian Burye.[1] He first saw combat in 1588, during the English victory over the Spanish Armada near Calais, where he was wounded and gained a certain level of renown for his actions.[2]

Capture of Caracas

Sir George Somers, the co-leader of Preston's expedition

In 1595, he took part in the Preston Somers Expedition, co-lead with George Somers, which was initially supposed to join Walter Raleigh's El Dorado Expedition. After failing to meet with Raleigh at Trinidad, the expedition ventured on its own along the coast of Spanish Venezuela Province, capturing first the fort of La Guaira and later the colonial city of Caracas.[3][4]

After the Spanish failed to pay their ransom, Preston and Somers order the pillaging and torching of the city, and went on to capture Coro. They finished the expedition with a brief incursion into the Spanish West Indies, but cut short any future actions following a bout of dysentery among the crew which saw 80 mean death and a plummeting morale. They returned to safe ports in English-held water via Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. They later met and joined Raleigh's flotilla and sailed back to England via Newfoundland.[3]

Later life

In the following years Preston undertook a number of smaller, often financially unsuccessful, expeditions such as the Capture of Cádiz and an expedition to the Azores known as the Islands Voyage. For his bravery during the fighting for Cádiz he was knighted by either Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex or Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, the expedition's two commanders. Around 1601 he had a falling out with Raleigh, tensions reaching the point where Preston challenged Raleigh to a duel, but the two later reconciled.[1][2]

In 1603, he was appointed quartermaster of the Tower of London, a position he held until his death in 1609. Shortly before his death he also held a position on the council for the Virginia Company.[1][2]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Laughton, J. K. (1896). Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. XLVI: Pocock — Puckering. New York and London: Macmillan and Co; Smith, Elder, & Co. p. 305.
  2. ^ a b c Brown, Alexander (1890). The Genesis of the United States: A Narrative of the Movement in England, 1605-1616, which Resulted in the Plantation of North America by Englishmen, Disclosing the Contest Between England and Spain for the Possession of the Soil Now Occupied by the United States of America. Vol. II. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Co. p. 972.
  3. ^ a b Marley, David F. (1998). Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, CA; Denver, CO and Oxford, England: ABC-CLIO. pp. 87–88. ISBN 978-1-59884-101-5.
  4. ^ Andrews, Kenneth Raymond; Gray, Jeffrey Alan (1999) [1984]. Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480-1630. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-521-27698-6.
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