Anatolius is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

Given name

• Anatolius of Laodicea (died 283), Bishop of Laodicea in Syria, also known as Anatolius of Alexandria
• Anatolius, Vicarius of the Diocese of Asia in 352
• Anatolius (praetorian prefect), Praetorian prefect of Illyricum in 360, probably identical to Vindonius Anatolius
• Anatolius (magister militum) (421–451), East Roman general, politician and diplomat
• Patriarch Anatolius of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople (449–458)
• Anatolius (curator), Byzantine honorary consul, killed in an earthquake in 557
• Anatolius (Osroene), Byzantine governor of Osroene, executed as a crypto-pagan c. 579
• Frans Anatolius Sjöström (1840–1885), Finnish architect

Surname

• Vindonius Anatolius, 4th century Greek writer