Anatoly Serdyukov | |
|---|---|
Анатолий Сердюков | |
 Serdyukov in 2018 | |
| Minister of Defence | |
| In office 15 February 2007 – 6 November 2012 | |
| Prime Minister | Mikhail Fradkov Viktor Zubkov Vladimir Putin Viktor Zubkov (acting) Dmitry Medvedev |
| Preceded by | Sergei Ivanov |
| Succeeded by | Sergei Shoigu |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 8 January 1962 Krasnodar Krai, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Russia) |
| Political party | United Russia |
| Spouse | Yulia Zubkova |
| Alma mater | Leningrad Institute of Soviet Trade Saint Petersburg State University |
| Signature |  |
Anatoly Eduardovich Serdyukov (Russian: Анатолий Эдуардович Сердюков; born 8 January 1962) is a Russian politician and businessman. He was Russia's Minister of Defense from 15 February 2007 to 6 November 2012, and made several major reforms of the Russian military. He has worked as an Industrial Director for Rostec, a state corporation, since October 2015.[1]
Born at Krasnodar Krai on 8 January 1962, Serdyukov graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Soviet Trade in 1984 with a degree in economics.[2] In 2001, Serdyukov graduated from the Law Department of Saint Petersburg State University.[2][3]
In 1985, after release from the compulsory military service, he began work as assistant manager, and then manager at a furniture shop of Lenmebeltorg (Leningrad Furniture manufacturer and retailer). In 1991, he was promoted to deputy commercial director of Lenmebeltorg. He was promoted to general director when Lenmebeltorg transformed into JSC (Saint-Petersburg Industrial Company). From 1993 to 2000 he worked at Mebel-Market company, Saint Petersburg, first as deputy director, then as marketing director, and finally from 1995-2000 as CEO. Serdyukov's already successful career further developed in tandem with his father-in-law, Viktor Zubkov, and after the election of Vladimir Putin as Russian President in 2000. From 2000 to 2001, Serdyukov, working under his father-in-law Viktor Zubkov, served as deputy chief of the Saint Petersburg Directorate of the Tax Ministry of Russia (now Federal Taxation Service of Russia). From 2001 to 2004, he led the directorate, succeeding Viktor Zubkov. On 2 March 2004, he was appointed deputy tax minister of Russia.[3][4]
From 2004 to 2007, he led the tax ministry (in July 2004 reorganized into the Federal Tax Service of Russia). During this period, the key officials of the service were replaced mainly by Serdyukov's colleagues from Saint Petersburg. He also often resorted to personnel rotation and appointment of former federal tax officials to the regional tax service departments in the federal subjects of Russia. During his tenure, court decisions in favour of the federal tax service became much more common. While the service was formally subordinate to the finance ministry under Alexey Kudrin, in fact Serdyukov very much leaned towards Presidential aide Viktor Ivanov.[5]
On 15 February 2007, President Vladimir Putin appointed Serdyukov as Minister of Defence (Russia), with the main task of fighting corruption and inefficiency in the Russian armed forces.[6] This started the conflict, that would last through Serdyukov time as Defense Minister with the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation since General Staff considered appointment of a civilian, with no remarkable military background and former furniture dealer as an insult. To sharpen the conflict, Head of General Staff at the time Yuri Baluyevsky demanded that the new defence minister would have to spend 1 month in General Staff at "preparation training" to have an idea of the "job in hand". On 14 September 2007, Serdyukov offered his resignation to the president over family relations with Viktor Zubkov, but this resignation was not accepted.[citation needed] However before Putin responded, Baluyevsky did publicly support the resignation of Serdyukov and stated sarcastically that "the next defence minister could be a woman". After Putin rejected resignation of Serdyukov, Serdyukov retaliated by organising an audit and inspection how the senior members of General Staff did manage with the mandatory physical requirements test for armed forces members. Most of them failed and hence created a storm in a Russian media.[7]
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Main article: Russian military reform (2008) |
In office, Serdyukov chose not to get involved in the daily administration of troops and operational-strategic planning, leaving these matters to the professionals. Instead, he focused on organizational and budgetary issues, in which he, according to 'Moscow Defense Brief, "insisted upon an unprecedented (at least for the MoD) level of precision and fastidiousness."[8] This reportedly enabled him to quickly "put the generals in their place," and "to instill a level of background fear that even the old-timers do not recall having seen before." According to an anecdote, an officer in one of the central directorates of the MoD explained: "senior generals go to meetings of the Defense Board as to the scaffold."[8]
To deal with the budgetary issues, Serdyukov brought in his old colleagues from the Federal Tax Service and created new department in MoD for financial control. MoD had no control nor oversight until then over the management of defence budget. This had all been managed so far by the General Staff. Years before Serdyukov's appointment as Minister of Defence, the Russian defence budget had been growing significantly but the extra amounts disappeared on regular basis and were not visible anywhere. Apparently bringing this under control was the first and most important reason why Serdyukov was considered and appointed as Minister of Defence.[9]
According to Moscow Defense Brief, Serdyukov’s first year in office was marked by convulsions, "the likes of which have not been seen on the Arbat in decades." The magazine pointed out, that "Serdyukov brought apparently unlimited energy to a thorough purge of the department."[8] He fired almost a third of the top officers of the Central Military Administration and initiated a sea of change in the Ministry of Defense.[8]
During his time in office, Serdyukov launched several wide-reaching reforms.[10] The main idea behind his reforms was the transformation from a mass mobilization army to a small force of contract soldiers.[10]
In 2010, Serdyukov launched a $430 billion military reform to be achieved over the next 15 years in order to fully re-equip Russian conventional forces.[11]
Serdyukov also launched plans to reduce the personnel in the central administration by 30%, which would lead to the liquidation of a significant number of positions filled by generals and colonels.[8] He was demanding drastic cuts in Russia's officer corps. There was an officer to every two and a half men. After the reform there should be just one to every 15, more similar to western armies. The reform would mean losing 200,000 jobs, and was met with fierce political opposition by the "old guard."[12] Because of the pressure, the deadline for implementing the cuts was put back from 2012 to 2016.[12] Army divisions were disbanded and replaced by brigades. The six military districts of Russia were replaced by four geographic commands.
Addressing acute and long-standing issues such as the ineffectiveness of Russia’s defense industrial and procurement policies was also one of Serdyukov's chief aims. The questions addressed included: "why, with so much spending on defense, do the Armed Forces possess so little new equipment? Why does the design and testing of many new types of armament take decades to show results?"[8] Serdyukov initiated modifications to the Russian military uniform and addressed the issue of the physical condition of Russia’s generals and senior officers: the entire service personnel of the General Staff, irrespective of rank, must now meet set physical standards upon threat of dismissal.[8] He also called for mergers of Military academies, sharp cuts in the number of military bases, and reductions in rear support and noncombat units.[10]
Many of Serdyukov's reforms and anti-corruption measures were met with open opposition and led to many dismissals. His actions, however, gave him a positive image in the eyes of the Russian public.[8]
Severe disagreements were reported in late 2007 and early 2008 between Serdyukov and General of the Army Yuri Baluyevsky, Chief of the General Staff, most recently over the Minister's proposed move of the Russian Navy Main Staff from Moscow to Saint Petersburg.[13] Later, this was proved by following Baluyevsky's resignation.
In 2001, Serdyukov, his wife Julia Zubkova, and Yevgeniya Vasilyeva all were classmates and graduated from Law School at Saint Petersburg State University (Russia). In 2010 Yevgeniya Vasilyeva began working at the Ministry of Defense, with Serdyukov as her boss. At some point in time, Serdyukov and Yevgeniya Vasilyeva began an illicit adulterous love affair while Serdyukov was still married to Viktor Zubkov's daughter. In 2012, Yevgeniya Vasilyeva came under investigation for corruption as head of the Ministry of Defense department of property relations. On October 25, 2012, Vasilyeva's apartment was searched in connection with the case. Discovered and seized from the apartment were more than three million rubles, nearly $747,000 worth of diamonds, pearls and other jewelry, several dozen paintings, amongst other things. Also discovered at her apartment was the married Minister of Defense, Anatoly Serdyukov. Serdyukov's father-in-law, Viktor Zubkov, still powerful as the chairman of Gazprom and still a close ally of Vladimir Putin, was reportedly very angry when Serdyukov's adulterous affair was discovered.[14][15] On November 6, 2012 - twelve days after Serdyukov was discovered in Yevgeniya Vasilyeva's apartment - he was dismissed (fired) by Putin and was replaced by Sergei Shoigu.[16][17]
In November 2013, Serdyukov was charged by Russian investigators with "negligence" for ordering the army to build a road from a village to a private country residence in Russia's south.[18] He was amnestied in 2014 by a presidential decree.[19]
In October 2015, he was appointed as an Industrial Director of Rostec State Corporation. His duties include supervising of all the company's aviation-related activities from helicopter-building to airplane engines.[1]
Serdyukov is married to a daughter of Viktor Zubkov, the 10th Prime Minister of Russia and previous chairman of the Federal Financial Monitoring Service of Russia.
Sanctioned by the US in June 2022, on 23 February 2023 Serdyukov was sanctioned also by the United Kingdom for supporting the Russian government in relation to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[20][21]
