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((Other people|Anna of Austria))
((Infobox royalty
|consort      = yes
|name         = Anna of Austria
|image        = Ana de Austria, reina consorte de España (Museo Lázaro Galdiano).jpg
|caption      = Portrait by [[Alonso Sánchez Coello]], c. 1571
|succession   = [[Queen consort of Spain]]
|reign        = 4 May 1570 – 26 October 1580
| succession1 = [[Queen consort of Portugal]]
| reign1      = 12 September 1580 – 26 October 1580
|spouse       = ((marriage|[[Philip II of Spain]]|May 1570))
|birth_date   = 2 November 1549
|birth_place  = [[Cigales]], [[Crown of Castile]]
|death_date   = ((death date and age|1580|10|26|1549|11|2|df=yes))
|death_place  = [[Badajoz]], Crown of Castile
|burial_place = [[El Escorial]]
|issue        = ((plain list|
* [[Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias]]
* [[Diego, Prince of Asturias]]
* [[Philip III of Spain]]
))
|issue-link   = #Children
|house        = [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]
|father       = [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|mother       = [[Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress|Maria of Austria]]
))
'''Anna of Austria''' (2 November 1549 – 26 October 1580) was [[List of Spanish consorts|Queen of Spain]] by marriage to her uncle, King [[Philip II of Spain]]. During her last days of life she was also briefly [[List of Portuguese royal consorts|Queen of Portugal]].

==Life==
[[File:Neufchatel Archduchess Anna of Austria.JPG|thumb|Anna as an Austrian Archduchess ]]
Anna was the eldest daughter of [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]], and [[Maria of Spain]], who were first cousins. 

She was born in [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]] during the reign of her maternal grandfather, [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]], but lived in [[Vienna]] from the age of four. Anna was considered her father's favorite child. The story goes that he enjoyed playing and gambling with her and once a meeting of the [[Diet of Hungary]] was postponed because Anna was sick. She received a Catholic education.

==Marriage==

As the eldest daughter of the [[Holy Roman Emperor]], Anna was a desirable candidate for marriage at the European courts. Her parents thought a Spanish marriage would strengthen links between the Austrian and Spanish Habsburg families. Initially she considered her cousin, [[Don Carlos, Prince of Asturias|Don Carlos]], the only son of her maternal uncle [[Philip II of Spain]]. These plans were shattered in 1568 when Don Carlos died. Plans for a Spanish marriage were revived when Philip's third wife, [[Elisabeth of Valois]], died in childbirth, also in 1568. 

As a result, Philip was left a widower with two young daughters, [[Isabella Clara Eugenia]] and [[Catalina Micaela of Spain|Catalina Micaela]]. He planned to remarry because he no longer had a male heir. The marriage was at first opposed by many, including [[Pope Pius V]],<ref>[http://www.philipmould.com/catalogue.php?sid=2411&p= Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain- Spanish School] ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715074548/http://www.philipmould.com/catalogue.php?sid=2411&p= |date=July 15, 2011 ))</ref> but arranged all the same.

In February 1569, Anna's engagement to her uncle Philip II was announced. In May 1570, they [[married by proxy]]. She  traveled from [[Archduchy of Austria|Austria]] to Spain in the autumn of 1570, accompanied by her brothers [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert]] and [[Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria|Wenceslaus]]. Anna passed along the English Channel, where [[Elizabeth I]] sent her admirals, [[Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham|Charles Howard]] and [[William Wynter]], to offer support and safe passage.<ref>((cite web|title=LETTER SIGNED, AT THE HEAD ("ELIZABETH R"), TO LORD CHARLES HOWARD|url=http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2014/english-literature-history-childrens-books-illustrations-l14404/lot.403.html|publisher=Sothebys))</ref> 

They traveled through the Netherlands, where Anna was accosted by friends and relatives of [[Floris of Montigny]], the younger brother of the executed [[Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn|Count of Horn]]. Floris had been imprisoned in Spain since 1567. Now that King Philip had entered into a new marriage, Floris' family and friends hoped for leniency. They received a promise from the future queen that she would do her utmost to free Floris; however she was unsuccessful, with Floris being strangled on the orders of the king. On 3 October Anna arrived on Spanish soil, but before she could reach the king, Floris was secretly put to death on 16 October 1570.((cn|date=October 2021))

==Queen of Spain==
((Moresources|section|date=October 2021))
[[File:Anthonis Mor 007.jpg|thumb|upright|left|1570 portrait by [[Anthonis Mor]]]]
Upon her arrival in Spain, Anna was provided with a new household formed under the direction of the experienced and influential lady-in-waiting [[Margarita de Cardona]], who had previously been the lady-in-waiting of her mother and who would have been known to her since her childhood in Austria. Queen Anna was described as vivid and cheerful, and managed to ease up some of the stiff atmosphere at the Spanish court. Anna busied herself mostly with needlework.

The marriage between Anna and Philip is described as happy. Besides being her father's favorite child, Anna was reportedly also Philip's most beloved wife. According to diplomats, the king was in love with his young bride. There are no records of Philip having mistresses during the time of their marriage. Anna had a personality very much like his own, and he was devoted to her. Philip was a conscientious monarch and maintained his relationship with Anna twice a week in the form of notes, as well as visiting his wife's bedchamber up to three times a day.

Anna gave birth to five children, including four sons, of whom the eldest three died before Philip, and the youngest eventually succeeded him as [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]]. Anna was also described as a good stepmother to Isabella Clara Eugenia and Catherine Michelle.<ref>[http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/DVN/lemmata/data/AnnavanOostenrijk Anna of Austria]</ref>

In 1580 she was in [[Badajoz]], where the court was briefly based because of [[Portuguese succession crisis of 1580|Philip II's claim to the Portuguese throne]]. She died there of [[influenza]],<ref>((Cite book|last1=Cook|first1=Alexandra Parma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CiiokHDdAQ0C&q=anna+of+austria+october+1580+influenza&pg=PA57|title=The Plague Files: Crisis Management in Sixteenth-Century Seville|last2=Cook|first2=Noble David|date=May 2009|publisher=LSU Press|isbn=978-0-8071-3498-6|pages=57|language=en))</ref> eight months after giving birth to her last child, Maria, who outlived her mother by less than three years. Anna was initially buried in Badajoz, but her body was later transferred to [[El Escorial]].<ref>((Cite web |title=2014 May El Escorial – Edward Worth Library |url=https://edwardworthlibrary.ie/book-of-the-month/2014-books-of-the-month/2014-may-el-escorial/ |access-date=2023-05-01 |language=en-GB))</ref>

==Children==
((clear))
[[File:Sánchez Coello Royal feast.jpg|thumb|King Philip and Queen Anna banqueting with family and courtiers, by [[Alonso Sánchez Coello]], c. 1596]]
# [[Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias]] (4 December 1571 – 18 October 1578).
# Carlos Lorenzo (12 August 1573 – 30 June 1575).
# [[Diego, Prince of Asturias]] (15 August 1575 – 21 November 1582).
# [[Philip III of Spain]] (3 April 1578 – 31 March 1621), succeeded his father, the only child to live to adulthood.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/456081/Philip-II "Philip II of Spain"] ''Britannica''</ref>
# Maria (14 February 1580 – 5 August 1583)

==Ancestry==
((ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|title=Ancestors of Anna of Austria
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Anna of Austria'''
|2= 2. [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|3= 3. [[Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress|Maria of Austria]]
|4= 4. [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]]<ref name="NDB-Maximilian II">((NDB|16|471|475|Maximilian II.|Press, Volker|11857938X))</ref>
|5= 5. [[Anne of Bohemia and Hungary]]<ref name="NDB-Maximilian II"/>
|6= 6. [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]]<ref name="BLKO-Maria von Spanien">((BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Maria von Spanien |volume=7 |page=19))</ref>
|7= 7. [[Isabella of Portugal]]<ref name="BLKO-Maria von Spanien"/>
|8= 8. [[Philip I of Castile|Philip, Duke of Burgundy]]<ref name="BLKO-Philip">((BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Philipp I. der Schöne von Oesterreich |volume=7 |year=1861 |page=112))</ref>
|9= 9. [[Joanna of Castile|Joanna of Aragon]]<ref name="1911-Joanna">((cite EB1911 |wstitle=Joanna |volume=15))</ref>
|10= 10. [[Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary]]<ref name="ADB-Wladislaw II">((cite ADB|54|688|696|Wladislaw II.|Priebatsch, Felix|ADB:Wladislaw II.))</ref>
|11= 11. [[Anne of Foix-Candale]]<ref name="ADB-Wladislaw II"/>
|12= 12. [[Philip I of Castile|Philip, Duke of Burgundy]]<ref name="EB-Charles V">((Britannica|107009|Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor))</ref> (= 8)
|13= 13. [[Joanna of Castile|Joanna of Aragon]]<ref name="EB-Charles V"/> (= 9)
|14= 14. [[Manuel I of Portugal]]<ref name="Stephens1903">((cite book |last=Stephens |first=Henry Morse |title=The story of Portugal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jwMqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA139 |access-date=11 July 2018 |year=1903 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |pages=125, 139, 279|isbn=9780722224731 ))</ref>
|15= 15. [[Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal|Maria of Aragon]]<ref name="Stephens1903"/>
))

==References==
((Commons category|Anna of Austria (1549-1580)|Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain))

((Reflist))

==Literature==
*J. Brouwer, ''Montigny, Representative of the Netherlands by Philip II'' (Amsterdam z.j. [1941]).
*R. Rodríguez Raso,'' Maximiliano de Austria, gobernador de Carlos V en España: cartas al emperador'' (Madrid 1963).
*Fernando González-Doria, ''Las Reinas de España'' (Madrid 1986).
*A. W. Lovett, ''Early Habsburg Spain, 1517-1598'' (Oxford 1986).
*John Lynch, ''Spain 1516-1598. From nation state to world empire'' (Oxford 1991).
*Geoffrey Parker, ''Philip II'' (Chicago / La Salle 1996).
*Henry Kamen, ''Philip of Spain'' (New Haven / London 1997).
*Manuel Ríos Mazcarelle, ''Reinas de España''. Casa de Austria (Madrid 1998).
*L. Cabrera de Córdoba, ''Historia de Felipe II, rey de España'', J. Martínez Millán and C.J. ed the Carlos Morales (Madrid 1998).
*Paula Sutter Fichtner, ''The Emperor Maximilian II'' (New Haven 2001).
*Pedro Gargantilla, ''Enfermedades de los reyes de España. Los Austrias. De la locura a la impotencia de Juana de Carlos II el Hechizado'' (Madrid 2005).

((S-start))
((S-hou|[[House of Habsburg]]|1 November|1549|26 October|1580|))
((s-roy))
|-
((S-vac|last=[[Elisabeth of Valois|Elisabeth of France]]))
((S-ttl|title=[[List of Spanish consorts|Queen consort of Spain]]|years=1570–1580))
((S-vac|rows=2|next=[[Margaret of Austria (1584–1611)|Margaret of Austria]]))
|-
((S-vac|last=[[Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal|Catherine of Austria]]))
((S-ttl|title=[[List of Portuguese consorts|Queen consort of Portugal]]|years=1580))
((S-end))

((Spanish consorts))
((Portuguese consorts))
((Queens of Naples))
((Royal consorts of Sicily))
((Austrian archduchesses))
((Consorts of Luxembourg))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain))
[[Category:1549 births]]
[[Category:1580 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century House of Habsburg]]
[[Category:Royal consorts of Naples]]
[[Category:Royal consorts of Sicily]]
[[Category:Spanish royal consorts]]
[[Category:Austrian princesses]]
[[Category:Burials in Extremadura]]
[[Category:Burials in the Pantheon of Kings at El Escorial]]
[[Category:Wives of Philip II of Spain]]
[[Category:16th-century Austrian women]]
[[Category:16th-century Spanish women]]
[[Category:16th-century Austrian people]]
[[Category:16th-century Spanish people]]
[[Category:Deaths from influenza]]
[[Category:Daughters of emperors]]
[[Category:Children of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
[[Category:Daughters of kings]]

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